近些年基因测序技术的大量应用为沉积物中植物古DNA的分析提供了技术支撑,将古植被重建的技术发展到了分子层面。国内外相关研究表明,来源于沉积体系中的沉积植物古DNA(Sediment plant ancient DNA,aDNA)可作为古植被重建的有效工具。...近些年基因测序技术的大量应用为沉积物中植物古DNA的分析提供了技术支撑,将古植被重建的技术发展到了分子层面。国内外相关研究表明,来源于沉积体系中的沉积植物古DNA(Sediment plant ancient DNA,aDNA)可作为古植被重建的有效工具。从技术基础理论、文献计量统计、发展应用及实验操作几个方面对沉积植物aDNA技术进行了全面的介绍。沉积aDNA技术在植物群落分析上是一个新的补充方法,它可以提供更高的分辨率以及更精确的丰度估算,然而在实验体系及数据库方面还需要不断完善成熟,其在未来将成为古植被重建重要的辅助技术手段。展开更多
The identification of sequence boundaries is the key point for sequence stratigraphic classification. Both the higher-order sequences and the units within the sequences are bounded with the key sediments or isochronou...The identification of sequence boundaries is the key point for sequence stratigraphic classification. Both the higher-order sequences and the units within the sequences are bounded with the key sediments or isochronous surfaces. Eight sequences can be divided in the whole Permo-Carboniferous strata (the Shiqianfeng Formation is not included), which is from the Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Xiashihezi Formation, Wanshan Section, and Kuishan Section to the Xiaofuhe Section. Also, different system tracts (Iowstand system tract, transgression system tract and highstand system tract) and some parasequences can be recognized in each sequence. Parasequence analysis was on the basis of the division of the base-level cycle. The base-level cycle was mainly identified according to the change of the water area, which was reflected by the depositional sequence. The physical characteristic of the strata was reflected by the well log. It was supplied by the test of the minerals and rocks and the analysis of the micro-element in the lab. The paleogeographic characteristic of the Iowstand system tract in the sequence Ⅵ is that the east-north part takes the river system as its feature; the south part is the lake system, the river channel spreads from north to south, and the area of the flooding plain is great. The paleogeographic characteristic of the water-transgressive system tract is that the range of the lake in the south extended distinctively, the range of the river channel in the east reduced. The coastal shallow lake deposit is the main characteristic in the water-transgressive system tract. The paleogeographic characteristic of the highstand system tract is similar to the one of the Iowstand system tract.展开更多
动物考古和植物考古是重建古代食谱的重要手段.对出土动植物遗存的种属鉴定是动植物考古研究的基础,但其鉴定效率严重依赖于动植物遗存的保存状态.沉积物古DNA(sedimentary ancient DNA)是一种新兴的技术手段,可以从数十万年以来的沉积...动物考古和植物考古是重建古代食谱的重要手段.对出土动植物遗存的种属鉴定是动植物考古研究的基础,但其鉴定效率严重依赖于动植物遗存的保存状态.沉积物古DNA(sedimentary ancient DNA)是一种新兴的技术手段,可以从数十万年以来的沉积物中提取出古代动植物和微生物的遗传信息,进而恢复当时生态环境中的物种组成.但目前将沉积物古DNA技术应用于旷野遗址的研究还鲜有报道.本文尝试将沉积物古DNA技术应用于西藏廓雄遗址(3160~2954cal a BP)的调查剖面,并与出土的动植物遗存进行对比.结果发现,在大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和绵羊(Ovis aries)等农作物与家养动物的鉴定上,两种方法可以互相印证,但遗址堆积物古DNA中还检测到大植物遗存中没有发现的粟(Setaria italica),以及多种与农作物伴生的微生物.本研究通过动植物常规鉴定方法与沉积物古DNA分析,揭示了廓雄遗址先民的部分食物组成,其中包括:粟类、麦类等谷物,绵羊、黄牛等家养动物,以及渔猎的野生动物等.本项研究表明,沉积物古DNA技术具有通过旷野遗址文化堆积物复原其中动植物种属信息的潜力,为其进一步应用于植物考古和动物考古研究奠定了基础.展开更多
Herein, we present the electrochemical co-deposition of Al3+/graphene composites directly from an aqueous mixture containing graphene oxide (GO) and Al3+. The obtained Al3+/graphene composites with good electrochemica...Herein, we present the electrochemical co-deposition of Al3+/graphene composites directly from an aqueous mixture containing graphene oxide (GO) and Al3+. The obtained Al3+/graphene composites with good electrochemical activity were regarded as an appropriate immobilization platform for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The nontoxic redox probe xanthurenic acid (XA) was successfully applied to recognize single-stranded DNA and dsDNA. We illustrated that the scission of dsDNA caused by GO combining with some metal ions could be detected by monitoring the electrochemical signals of XA.展开更多
文摘近些年基因测序技术的大量应用为沉积物中植物古DNA的分析提供了技术支撑,将古植被重建的技术发展到了分子层面。国内外相关研究表明,来源于沉积体系中的沉积植物古DNA(Sediment plant ancient DNA,aDNA)可作为古植被重建的有效工具。从技术基础理论、文献计量统计、发展应用及实验操作几个方面对沉积植物aDNA技术进行了全面的介绍。沉积aDNA技术在植物群落分析上是一个新的补充方法,它可以提供更高的分辨率以及更精确的丰度估算,然而在实验体系及数据库方面还需要不断完善成熟,其在未来将成为古植被重建重要的辅助技术手段。
基金Supported by the Nation's National Science Foundation of China(40742010)
文摘The identification of sequence boundaries is the key point for sequence stratigraphic classification. Both the higher-order sequences and the units within the sequences are bounded with the key sediments or isochronous surfaces. Eight sequences can be divided in the whole Permo-Carboniferous strata (the Shiqianfeng Formation is not included), which is from the Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Xiashihezi Formation, Wanshan Section, and Kuishan Section to the Xiaofuhe Section. Also, different system tracts (Iowstand system tract, transgression system tract and highstand system tract) and some parasequences can be recognized in each sequence. Parasequence analysis was on the basis of the division of the base-level cycle. The base-level cycle was mainly identified according to the change of the water area, which was reflected by the depositional sequence. The physical characteristic of the strata was reflected by the well log. It was supplied by the test of the minerals and rocks and the analysis of the micro-element in the lab. The paleogeographic characteristic of the Iowstand system tract in the sequence Ⅵ is that the east-north part takes the river system as its feature; the south part is the lake system, the river channel spreads from north to south, and the area of the flooding plain is great. The paleogeographic characteristic of the water-transgressive system tract is that the range of the lake in the south extended distinctively, the range of the river channel in the east reduced. The coastal shallow lake deposit is the main characteristic in the water-transgressive system tract. The paleogeographic characteristic of the highstand system tract is similar to the one of the Iowstand system tract.
文摘动物考古和植物考古是重建古代食谱的重要手段.对出土动植物遗存的种属鉴定是动植物考古研究的基础,但其鉴定效率严重依赖于动植物遗存的保存状态.沉积物古DNA(sedimentary ancient DNA)是一种新兴的技术手段,可以从数十万年以来的沉积物中提取出古代动植物和微生物的遗传信息,进而恢复当时生态环境中的物种组成.但目前将沉积物古DNA技术应用于旷野遗址的研究还鲜有报道.本文尝试将沉积物古DNA技术应用于西藏廓雄遗址(3160~2954cal a BP)的调查剖面,并与出土的动植物遗存进行对比.结果发现,在大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和绵羊(Ovis aries)等农作物与家养动物的鉴定上,两种方法可以互相印证,但遗址堆积物古DNA中还检测到大植物遗存中没有发现的粟(Setaria italica),以及多种与农作物伴生的微生物.本研究通过动植物常规鉴定方法与沉积物古DNA分析,揭示了廓雄遗址先民的部分食物组成,其中包括:粟类、麦类等谷物,绵羊、黄牛等家养动物,以及渔猎的野生动物等.本项研究表明,沉积物古DNA技术具有通过旷野遗址文化堆积物复原其中动植物种属信息的潜力,为其进一步应用于植物考古和动物考古研究奠定了基础.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20975057, and 21275084)Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (20113719130001)+1 种基金Outstanding Adult-Young Scientific Research Encouraging Foundation of Shandong Province (No. BS2012CL013)Scientific and Technical Development Project of Qingdao (12-1-4-3-(23)-jch)
文摘Herein, we present the electrochemical co-deposition of Al3+/graphene composites directly from an aqueous mixture containing graphene oxide (GO) and Al3+. The obtained Al3+/graphene composites with good electrochemical activity were regarded as an appropriate immobilization platform for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The nontoxic redox probe xanthurenic acid (XA) was successfully applied to recognize single-stranded DNA and dsDNA. We illustrated that the scission of dsDNA caused by GO combining with some metal ions could be detected by monitoring the electrochemical signals of XA.