PCB碱性蚀刻废液高效回收铜粉研究

针对PCB碱性蚀刻废液含铜量高、腐蚀性强等特点,在氮气气氛下采用水合肼液相还原制备高质量铜粉,同时实现蚀刻液再生。研究了液相还原气氛、肼与铜离子的摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等对沉铜效率以及产物组成的影响。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光粒度分析仪(LDPA)等对蚀刻液成分、产物物相、形貌结构以及铜粉粒度分布进行表征。实验结果表明:空气气氛下液相还原过程中易产生一价铜,导致产物不纯且沉铜率较低;氮气气氛下肼还原效率显著提高,当肼与铜离子摩尔比≥0.64∶1.00、温度≥90℃时,沉铜率高达99.9%,还原产物以单质铜为主,伴有少量CuCl和Cu_(2)O杂质。经碱洗转化、氢还原后得到的铜粉产品纯度不低于99.9%,粒度均匀,满足工业质量标准。

Influence of transition metal modification of oxide-derived Cu electrodes in electroreduction of CO_2

The modification of oxide-derived Cu electrode with Ni, Zn, and Au was examined to improve the catalytic activity of COz electroreduction. The experimental results showed that Ni modification increased the Faraday efficiency of the formation of formic acid and n-propanol. The Faraday effi- ciency relating to the formation of the liquid products was as high as 34.3% at -1.5 V versus the saturated calomel electrode reference potential. In contrast, modification with Zn reduced the for- mic acid formation efficiency but enhanced the alcohol formation efficiency. Finally, modification with Au suppressed the selectivity toward the formation of both formic acid and alcohols.