饱和地基的初始沉降与孔隙水压力

从 Biot固结方程获得半无限线弹性地基在垂直向集中荷载作用下的初始时刻解 ,由此得到任意分布荷载作用下的初始沉降和孔压分布 ,且结果非常简洁。

CFG桩复合地基受力沉降变形及应用研究

通常在对建筑结构进行设计时,所采用的深基坑形式为条形基础或箱形基础等形式,然而一旦发生基础承载力与沉降要求不相适应时,则就会采用复合地基方式。在应用复合地基时,因CFG桩有着成本较低,绿色环保和技术完善的特点,且可有效缓解地基沉降变形,故被广泛的应用。针对CFG桩复合地基受力沉降变形及应用进行了分析与探讨。

核电站泵房不均匀地基的沉降与地基动阻抗计算分析

核电机组的重要厂用水泵房作为核电厂重要的取水构筑物,属于抗震I类物项。为了评价某泵房不均匀地基的安全性,本文分别建立了不均匀地基的平面应变和三维有限元模型,对其进行了施工阶段与正常运行期间的非线性静力沉降计算。此外,本文从谐响应动力求解方法的基本概念出发,基于粘弹性人工边界场地模型,进行了三维自由场地的动阻抗计算,以上结果均与假想的均质地基结果进行对比分析,为下一步泵房结构的抗震计算分析提供了依据。

浅谈我国机轮围网网具存在的主要问题及对策

中韩渔业协定到期后,我国机轮围网作业渔场缩小,为有效开发东海南部和台湾北部鲐鱼参鱼渔场,笔者从网具高度及调整、网具沉降力及调整、网目尺寸、破网事故和方形网头等五个方面对我国机轮围网网具存在的主要问题进行分析,并结合船舶状况及生产实际情况给出相应对策。

单船中层拖网网具操作参数变化的研究

以上海远洋渔业公司960.00m×226.28 m(107.80 m)中层拖网为母型网,按田内网渔具模型试验准则,进行水池模型试验.结果表明,在其他条件相同时,大型单船中层拖网的手纲和叉纲长度至少在240 m和130 m以内增长,有利于提高网口垂直扩张和降低能耗系数.当拖曳速度小于4.0 kn时,下手纲应比上手纲长2 m,当拖曳速度大于4.0 kn时,下手纲应比上手纲长4.0 m.对于多个燕尾的网具,连接上、下纲的2根叉纲应比中间的叉纲长2～3 m.在不影响操作的条件下,浮、沉力配备越大,越有利于提高网具性能.

真空-堆载联合预压加固高等级公路软基的工程实例分析

根据浃里陈大桥桥头试验段的现场监测成果,对真空-堆载联合预压加固软基试验段中加固区的孔隙水压力、地表沉降随时间变化的规律、影响区的地表沉降特征及其对周围建筑物的影响、真空能量与地表沉降的关系以及停泵后的地表回弹量等进行了分析。分析表明,真空-堆载联合预压的联合方式实质上为孔隙水压力差的叠加,真空-堆载联合预压能大幅消除沉降量,减少工后沉降量,达到防止“桥头跳车”的作用。

Response mechanism for widened pavement structure subjected to ground differential settlement

By the use of a large-scale ground differential settlement simulator, a full-size model test is performed to study the strain response and the deformation behavior of both the wearing course of asphalt cement and the base course of cement-stabilized gravel. Moreover, with the differential settlement at the bottom of the pavement structure as the constraint condition, a plane finite element model is established, which is used to study the stress variation of different pavement layers in response to the differential settlement of varying magnitudes. It shows that, under the effects of the ground differential settlement, the wearing course is subjected to the tensile stress while the base course to the compressive stress and the maximum additional tensile stress and compressive stress occur in the area of 1 m from the splicing joint between the new and the old subgrade. Plastic deformation develops in both layers when the ground differential settlement reaches 14 cm. When the differential settlement at the bottom of the pavement goes up to 1 cm, the maximum additional stress in the surface of the base course will reach 0. 28 MPa, which surpasses 0.276 MPa that is specified in the current specifications as the maximum splitting tensile strength for cement-stabilized base material.

卡塔尔路赛场地准备项目堆载设计

卡塔尔路赛场地准备项目位于多哈市北部，占地面积约35姘，根据地质勘查报告和CPT解读报告，整个路赛场地的大部分区域基础为风化灰岩，而在最南部的2A区域覆盖有0～9m的淤泥，需要进行堆载处理，根据不同淤泥厚度而采用不同的堆载预压参数以及对堆载移除的判断，对工程进行合理的施工安排具有很重大的意义。

Kinematic analysis of shallow tunnel in layered strata considering joined effects of settlement and seepage

The purpose of this work is to predict the state of collapse in shallow tunnel in layered strata by using a new curved failure mechanism within the framework of upper bound theorem.Particular emphasis is first given to consider the effects of seepage forces and surface settlement.Furthermore,the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion is adopted to analyze the influence of different factors on the collapsing shape.Two different curve functions which describe two different rock layers are obtained by virtual work equations under the variational principle.According to the numerical results,the parameter B in Hoek-Brown failure criterion and the unit weights in different rock layers have a positive relationship with the size of collapsing block while pore pressure coefficient and the parameter A in Hoek-Brown failure criterion present a reverse tend.

Influence and Control Strategy for Local Settlement for High-Speed Railway Infrastructure

This paper discusses the main impact factors of the local settlement and differential settlement of high- speed railway lines. The analysis results show that groundwater exploitation is the direct cause of differ- ential settlement. Based on the study of ballastless track additional load and of vehicle, track, and bridge dynamic responses under different differential settlements, a control standard of differential settlement during operation is proposed preliminarily.

软基高填方路堤稳定性影响因素分析及对策

沉降量、孔隙水压力和土压力等都会对软基高填方路堤的稳定性产生一定的影响。路堤一旦出现失稳现象,容易造成高速公路出现路面开裂、路肩失稳、基础不均匀沉降等安全隐患。以特定路段作为研究对象,在排除了路基填料性质、边坡坡度、地基理化性质、水文状况、路基压实机具、施工方法等基本因素之后,重点研究静力沉降量、孔隙水压力、土压力等的变化对路堤稳定性的影响。通过数值计算,最终确定了影响路堤综合稳定性的主要因素依次是:孔隙水压力、静力沉降量和土压力的变化。加宽路基宽度、选择适宜的路基填料可有效提高路堤的稳定性。

Sedimentation behavior of indoor airborne microparticles

Experiments on the behavior of airborne microparticle sediments and their adhesion on glass slides were conducted in a laboratory located on the first floor of a teaching building. Clean tiles and glass slides were placed at different angles （0°, 45° and 90°） with respect to the horizontal plane in the laboratory. The sedimentation of microparticles was investigated at certain time intervals （1 d, 3 d, l0 d and 30 d）. The results of testing, at day 30, show that the diameters of particles on the horizontal tiles varied from 20 to 80 μm; few particles with diameter less than 0.5 μm or greater than 100 μm were found. The amount of particle sediment on all the slides increased along over time, while the average diameter of particles was not correlated with time, nor with the angle of placement. The maximum particle size, the total particle surface area, the total perimeter of all particles and the cover ratio of light （the proportion of total area of particles to the observed area of the slides surfaces） did not change significantly within the first 10 days. Inspection of all the samples for the last 20 days, however, showed that these variables increased substantially with the passage of time and were in reverse proportion to the placement angles, which indicates a concentration of particles, as well as physical and chemical changes.

Interpreting sedimentation dynamics at Longxi catchment in the Three Gorges Area,China,using Cs-137 activity,particle size and rainfall erosivity

Reservoir sedimentation dynamics were interpreted using Cs-137 activity, particle size and rainfall erosivity analysis in conjunetion with sediment profile coring. Two sediment cores were retrieved from the Changshou reservoir of Chongqing, which was dammed in 1956 at the outlet of Longxi catchment in the Three Gorges Area using a gravity corer equipped with an aerylie tube with an inner diameter of 6 em. The extracted cores were sectioned at 2 cm intervals. All sediment core samples were dried, sieved （〈2 mm） and weighed. 137Cs activity was measured by y-ray spectrometry. The particle size of the core samples was measured using laser particle size granulometry. Rainfall erosivity was calculated using daily rainfall data from meteorological records and information on soil conservation history was collated to help interpret temporal sedimentation trends. The peak fallout of 137Cs in 1963 appeared at a depth of 84 cm in core A and 56 cm in core B. The peaks of sand contents were related to the peaks of rainfall erosivity which were recorded in 1982, 1989, 1998 and 2005, respectively. Sedimentation rates were calculated according to the sediment profile chronological controls of 1956, 1963, 1982, 1989, 1998 and 2oo5. The highest sedimentation rate was around 2.0 cm·a^-1 between 1982 and 1988 when the Chinese national reform and the Household Responsibility System were implemented, leading to accelerated soil erosion in the Longxi catchment. Since 1990s, and particularly since 2005, sedimentation rates clearly decreased, since a number of soil conservation programs have been carried out in the catchment. The combined use of ^137Cs chronology, particle size and rainfall erosivity provided a simple basis for reconstructing reservoir sedimentation dynamics in the context of both physical processes and soil restoration. Its advantages include avoiding the need for full blown sediment yield reconstruction and the concomitant consideration of core correlation and corrections for autochthonous inputs and reservoir trap efficiency.

In vitro biodegradability and biocompatibility of porous Mg-Zn scaffolds coated with nano hydroxyapatite via pulse electrodeposition

The biodegradability and biocompatibility of porous Mg-2Zn（mass fraction, %） scaffolds coated with nano hydroxyapatite（HAP） were investigated. The nano HAP coating on Mg-2Zn scaffolds was prepared by the pulse electrodeposition method. The as-deposited scaffolds were then post-treated with alkaline solution to improve the biodegradation behavior and biocompatibility for implant applications. The microstructure and composition of scaffold and nano HAP coating, as well as their degradation and cytotoxicity behavior in simulated body fluid（SBF） were investigated. The post-treated coating is composed of needle-like HAP with the diameter less than 100 nm developed almost perpendicularly to the substrate, which exhibits a similar composition to natural bone. It is found that the products of immersion in SBF are identified to be HAP,（Ca,Mg）3（PO4）2 and Mg（OH）2. The bioactivity, biocompatibility and cell viabilities for the as-coated and post-treated scaffold extracts are higher than those for the uncoated scaffold. MG63 cells are found to adhere and proliferate on the surface of the as-coated and post-treated scaffolds, making it a promising choice for medical application. The results show that the pulse electrodeposition of nano HAP coating and alkaline treatment is a useful approach to improve the biodegradability and bioactivity of porous Mg-Zn scaffolds.

Hydrostatic settling velocity of sediments

The settling of sediments is an accelerative process in which the concentration of the main sediments zone will heavily influence settling velocity,but the explicit relationship between the concentration and settling velocity has not been reported in literature. Here a theoretical function was built for the time dependent concentration and time dependent settling velocity of sediments;then the entire settling process reflecting concentration was shown on the basis of sediments instant\|settlement theory and mathematical method. Agreement of computed results and experimental data was found. Several governing parameters,including particle size,particle density,initial suspended sediments concentration and suspension height,were discussed with a series of calculated velocity curves. The research indicated that ⑴ the presented concentration\|velocity time relationship is rational,⑵ settling process of the sediments group with variation of concentration consists of acceleration stage,uniform motion stage and deceleration stage,and ⑶ particle size,particle density and initial suspended sediments concentration have more influence on the settling velocity than the suspension height and water temperature.

Numerical study of flocculation settling and thickening of whole-tailings in deep cone thickener using CFD approach

Deep cone thickener (DCT) is the key equipment in cemented paste backfill (CPB), so it is essential to study the flocculation settling and thickening characteristics of the whole-tailings in DCT. Coupled with population balance model (PBM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the characteristics, namely particle size distribution (PSD) and underflow concentration in DCT. Based on actual production, the effects of rake rotational speed, feed rate and tailings slurry concentration were simulated and analyzed in a certain range. The PSD varied with rake rational speed, feed rate and tailings slurry concentration almost in the same trend, but the influence of feed rate was less than that of rake rational speed and tailings slurry concentration. The underflow concentration increased at first and then declined with rake rational speed and feed rate, but it rose and fell with the tailings slurry concentration. Finally, the optimal key parameters on the flocculation settling and thickening of the whole-tailings in DCT were obtained: rake rotational speed of 17 r/min, feed rate of 3.25 m^3/h and tailings slurry concentration of 20%, giving the reference values to the industrial production in Baishitamu Copper Mine.

Geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan,Canada

This paper investigates the geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan, Canada.The 4% tailings were well-graded with 29% fines whereas the 5% and 6% tailings were gap-graded with 49% fines. All samples exhibited a negligible strength(0.4 k Pa) up to 60% solids, followed by a rapid increase. The 4% tailings exhibited a lower rate and amount of settlement than 5% and 6% tailings. The kidecreased from 10^(-2)to 10^(-4)m/s with a decrease in eifrom 16 to 4 and a decrease in ef from 8 to 4 such that 4% tailings showed one order of magnitude lower values than the 5% and 6%tailings. The settling potential decreased ten times(50%–5%) for 4% tailings and four times(60%–15%)for 5% and 6% tailings. The effective stress increased from 80 to 260 Pa in the settling tests. The 4%tailings were less prone to segregation when compared with 5% and 6% tailings. The average solids content after settling was 35% for 4% tailings, 40% for 5% tailings and 39% for 6% tailings with a solids content deviation of ±3%, ±8%, ±6%, respectively. All materials were essentially non-segregating at 40%initial solids.

Influence of drainage of aquifer on settling of ground surface in mining area with high ground water level

Based on the basic principles of hydrogeology and soil mechanics, studied thegenesis mechanism and control factors of settling of ground surface caused by the drainageof the aquifer in the construction of coal mines, and put forward a corresponding calculatingmodel demonstrated by practical example.The study provides mining areas,which are covered with a very thick Quaternary soil layer and abundant ground water, witha theoretical basis aimed at forecasting the settling of ground surface.

Experimental Study of the Subsidence Characteristics of Clayey Loess

Presented in this paper are the results of experimental study and analysis of the subsidence characteristics obtained from soil samples with different contents of clay particles though laboratory dynamic triaxial test, Laser particle size analysis, chemical analysis and electronic microscope scanning. By comparison of the obtained data, the following conclusions are drawn out:(1)The stability of the loess varies with different content of clay; (2) The relation between the dynamic shear strength and the clay particles is not monotonous, but parabolic; (3) In the same consolidation ratio, the clayey loess is the weakest subsidence-resistant when the clay particle content is between 16%～17%.

Ground movement mechanism in tectonic stress metal mines with steep structure planes

When mining metal mines with steep structure planes by the caving method,there is a mechanical model in which the horizontal stress on the rock mass is simplified as a column before surface subsidence.The model is used to deduce critical support load and limiting column length for a given horizontal stress and support pressure.Considering the impact of the column effect,a method is proposed to determine the movement of the ground and caving area in a mine.After surface subsidence,the horizontal stress on a surrounding rock mass can be simplified to a cantilever beam mechanical model.Expressions for its bending fracture length are deduced,and a method is given to determine its stability.On this basis,an explanation for the large ground movement and subsidence scope was given.A case study shows that the damage effect of column and cantilever beam is significant for ground movement in metal-ore mine,and an appropriate correction value should be applied when designing for its angle of ground movements.