积沙成塔“8+1”——广西中烟柳州卷烟厂卷包车间培训工作纪实

成语"积沙成塔",意思是聚细沙成宝塔,后来常比喻为积少成多。广西中烟工业有限责任公司柳州卷烟厂卷包车间推行的"8+1"培训体系,就是采用化整为零的方式,将员工零碎的业余时间有效的组织利用起来,进行系统性的培训,最终达到聚沙为塔的效果。

何妨“事后诸葛亮”——浅谈课后反思的重要性

“事后诸葛亮”者,马后炮之意也,指有的人事前不会巧安排,事后倒知道应该如何如何。事前能“料事如神”,采取种种对策固然好,但这是不太容易完全做得到的。一旦由于事前考虑不周而出现异常,但事后能找出问题所在,这又何尝不好?在教学中,尤其应该在提倡认真备好课的同时,也倡导做“事后诸葛亮”——做好课后反思。 教学工作中,人们往往重视课前而忽视课后。通常说的备课,都是在课前进行的。根据大纲规定的目的要求,对教材进行分析处理,考虑教法、教具,对整个课堂教学进程进行安排,一个环节接一个环节,……细致而周到。这当然是必要的。但是,光这样还不够。这一切,尽管事先掌握了一些有关实际情况,但毕竟是教师主观的产物,它们究竟是否合乎实际,能否达到预期目的。

Formation, distribution, and nature of Picea mongolica in China

Picea mongolica is an endemic and endangered species in China. Ecosystem made of Picea mongolica is a special sandy forest ecosystem in China. It is found at ecotone between forest and steppe, or agricultural district and pastoral area. Based on investigation, this paper discussed the formation and distribution of Picea mongolica and studied its nature according to ecotone theory. It is clarified that Picea mongolica belongs to Picea meyeri series. That is to say, it became a local race through long-term adaptation to the local climate, then formed allopatric semi-species, and finally turned into a taxonomical species. Picea mongolica forest is a super zonal climax community developing in ecotone between forest zone and steppe zone.

Effect of biological agents on survival rate and root growth of Scots Pine seedlings

Two-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica) seedlings were treated with Pt mycorrhiza powder, ABT root-growing powder, HRC water-absorbing agent and high-yield powder, and planted on the sandy land in Balinyouqi, Inner Mongolia (180°12′13″E and 43°13′05″N). The effect and function of these biological agents on survival rate of seedlings were tested and analyzed by measuring the fine root growth and gross root growth. The results showed that the survival rates of the seedlings treated with Pt3, ABT, and HRC biological agents increased by 29.3%, 23.6%, and 16%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that the length of fine roots (<2 mm) was positively correlated with seedling survival rate, which means that the Pt3 powder, ABT foot-growing powder and HRC water-absorbing powder increased the survival rates of the seedlings by promoting the growth of fine roots. Keywords Biological agents - Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica - Sandy soil - Roots - Survival rate CLC number S723.1 - S791.253 Document code A Foundation item: This article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970627).Biography: TANG Feng-de (1967-), male, Ph. Doctor in Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Role of Wind-Sand Disturbance in the Formation and Development of Tamarix taklamakanensis Community

Formation, development and degeneration of Tamarix taklamakanensis M.T. Liu community may be affected by wind-sand disturbance. On the basis of field survey and experiments that took eight years from 1994, it was found that the plant community was formed in wet and low-lying land, developed in sand burying land, and died out in the land with strong wind erosion and severe sand burying. In the initial stage of the community formation, the low-lying land that was formed by wind erosion provided a suitable habitat for seed germination and plant rooting, but salt stress from ground water reduced seedling survival rate. In the developing stage of the community, sand burying stimulated vigorous growth of the shrubs. In the degenerative stage of the community, the wind erosion and sand burying resulted in dying out of the shrubs. It is therefore concluded that wind-sand disturbance has a positive role in the formation and development of the community, and is in a close association with the process of the community degeneration. Taking the habitat of T taklamakanensis into account, it may be appropriate to note that, under the conditions of frequent disturbance and severe stress, desert pioneer species are adaptable and able to survive. This might be a supplement to the CSR strategy.

Distribution and composition of tintinnids ciliates in the northern South China Sea during summer

Tintinnids were enumerated and identified in samples collected from 36 stations between 18°-22°N, 107°-122 °E in the northern South China Sea （NSCS）. 44 species belonging to 24 genera of tintinnids were recorded. The dominant species were He/icostome/la /onga and Tintinnopsis radix. Tintinnids abundance ranged from 0 to 2 200 cell/L, and mean abundance was 221cell/L in the surface water. Tintinnids abundance and species numbers decreased from coast to offshore. Upwelling and Pearl River discharge influenced the distribution of tintinnids by regulating nutrients supply. Maximum abundance （2 200 cell/L） was found in the surface water of A1. Tintinnids abundance showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration, and no significant relationship was found between tintinnids abundance and temperature.

静水流深

质朴的米被密封隔绝,一段时日后,竟成了身价倍增的醇香的酒。普通的木材被泥土覆盖,成百上千年后,竟化为通体乌黑的可燃烧晶体。叱咤的瀑布从悬崖峭壁上倾泻而下,天长日久,足下的深潭却成了旱天里的一道风景线。

穆斯林的经纪人,牛起来——记山东省临沂市罗庄区花埠圈村回民沙自成

他,没有渊博的知识;他,没有朗朗的口才, 他是一名普通不能再普通的劳动人民,但在沂蒙革 命老区一提起沙自成,群众们无不交口称赞:有的 夸他人品高,心眼好;有的夸他买的合理,卖的公 道;有的夸他一心为民,不计得失。在从事养牛的 过程中,为家乡、为群众默默的奉献着自己的殷殷 爱心。

把握细节 预约成功

"细节决定成败"这个命题显而易见是正确无疑的。古往今来,可以注解这一命题的例子如车载斗量:为博妃子一笑,城头上的一把火烧毁了一个帝国;一首楚国的流行歌曲,间接导致了楚霸王的自刎江东;20世纪最伟大建筑师之一的密斯·凡·德罗,在总结他成功的经验时,只说了五个字:"魔鬼在细节"。可见,细节何其重要!

New Synthetic Method of Ciprofloxacin

A new synthetic method of ciprofloxacin is started with 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone, via oxaly-lation, ethoxymethylenation, animation, cyclization, hydrolysis, decarbonylation and piperazination. The reaction temperature is moderate and the operation is easily controlled. Additional four new compounds are prepared by the method.

Chemical compositions and source apportionment of atmospheric PM_(10) in suburban area of Changsha, China

Source apportionment of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm （PM10） was conducted in the suburban area of Changsha, China. PM10 samples for 24 h collected with TEOM 1400a and ACCU system in July and October 2008 were chemically analyzed by the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence （WD-XRF）. Source appointment was implemented by the principal component analysis/absolute principal component analysis （PCA/APCA） to identify the possible sources and to quantify the contributions of the sources to PM10. Results show that as the PM10 concentration is increased from （85.6±43.7） μg/m3 in July 2008 to （107.6±35.7） μg/m^3 in October 2008, the concentrations of the anthropogenic elements （P, S, C1, K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb） are basically increased but concentrations of the natural elements （Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe） are essentially decreased. Six main sources of PM10 are identified in the suburban of Changsha, China： soil dust, secondary aerosols, domestic oil combustion, waste incineration, traffic emission, and industrial emission contribute 57.7%, 24.0%, 9.8%, 5.0%, 2.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. Soil dust and secondary aerosols are the two major sources of particulate air pollution in suburban area of Changsha, China, so effective measures should be taken to control these two particulate pollutants.

Analysis of Large-scale Rainstorm Caused by Typhoon Nesat

Based on prediction data of T213 and ECMWF and historical information of tropical cyclone,the causes of long lasting and large scale rainstorm brought by Nesat in Guangxi were analyzed.Nesat,of high intensity,carried much vapor and energy and went through Beibu Gulf by subtropical high pressure.After Nesat made landfall,subtropical high pressure maintained high and gradient between typhoon circulation and subtropical high pressure increased;the typhoon was supported by abundant vapors and energies by powerful eastern flows.Furthermore,northern cold airs went downward and met southeast wind behind of the typhoon,resulting in shears and convective precipitation.Therefore,the rains brought by the typhoon itself,jet stream,and cold air contributed to long lasting rainfall under influence of Nesat.

Geochemistry of Soil Formation in Sonth China SeaIslands

The soils in the South China Sea Islands (SCSI) were divided into three types, namely, phospho-calc soils,skeletisols and coastic solonchaks, which were derived from bio-clastic and strongly calcareous sediments. Incomparison with their parent materials, the phospho-calc soils have higher contents of P, Zn, Cu, Ba, and Cd,which tend to increase gradually with time, and lower contents of Mg, Ca, Sr, B, V, Pb, and Mo, which tendto decrease by degrees with time. The above-mentioned constitnents in skeletisols and coastic solonchaks aresimilar to those in their parent materials except for P and Na. The factors atfecting element distribution aremainly special bioclimate and parent material, meanwhile, resulting in the remarkable iulluence on elementdistribution through soil-forming time.

Features of Sand-dust Deposits in Harbin City,China

From the sedimentologic view, this paper analyses the grain-size distribution and the chemical composition of the deposits from sand-dust storm, occurring in Harbin on March 20, 2002. The result indicates that there exist plentiful coarse matters in the sand-dust deposits in Harbin, and the sand-dust composition presents obvious three peak distribution characteristics, indicating that the sand-dust in Harbin is composed of multi-origin components. The grain-size composition consists of silt （4-8Φ）, accounting for 71.18% of the total, sand （〉4Φ）, 21.70%, and clay （〈8Φ）, only 7.13%. The average grain size （Mz） is 5.14Φ. The chemical elements of the deposits are mainly SiO2 and A1203 and Fe203, totally occupying 77.8%. The enrichment factors （EF） of Mg, K, Si, Fe, Mn, P, Ti, Co, Ni and V elements are all about 1, which mainly come fi＇om lithosphere source, while parts of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Se elements are from pollution sources out of lithosphere source, and As, Cd and Sb elements are mainly from pollution sources. Based on the comprehensive analysis of grain-size, chemical composition, enrichment factor （EF）, discriminant function （DF） and matter source index （PI）, this paper points out that the grain-size distribution and element composition of the sand-dust deposits in Harbin are evidently different from the loess and sand-dust in Lanzhou, and that matter source of the sand-dust in Harbin is different from the loess in Northwest China and the sand-dust in Lanzhon. The sand-dust deposits in Harbin are an admixture of coarse grains transmitted in short distance and fine grains transported in long distance. The plentiful coarse grains of the sand-dust deposits in Harbin origin from sand of local spot, and are the near-souroe deposits transported by low altitude airflow.

Eco-drainage Pond in Non Irrigated Land for the Conservation of Land and Water Based on Community Participation

There are some bad impacts from a critical land such as flood in rainy season and dryness in dry season. Long dryness could cause shortage of water for human consumption, industry and agriculture. Prevention has been made to avoid the both bad impacts by building hydraulic structures like reservoirs and ponds in order to reduce the peak flow during the rainy season and to store the water for use during the dry season. However, they gradually become full of sediment. This will make them work insufficiently and will cause high maintenance cost. Moreover, wells in agriculture field used as retention also suffer dryness to make crop failure. This study aims to develop a model of pond for conservation of land and water in non irrigated land. Community participation is crucial in order to solve the flood and dryness problems. The community, especially the farmers will participate actively in the implementation and maintenance of the model. There are benefits in using the pond model such as： （1） to control sediment transport to the rivers, reservoir or other hydraulic structures; （2） to reduce flood rate; （3） to increase ground water recharge; （4） to contain water for agriculture and （5） to control the fertility of land. The cost of making a unit of model （sedrainpond） of 1.5 m diameter and 1.5 meter depth is relatively cheap between $10 to $20 （US）, and the maintenance is done by the farmers. When the pond model becomes functional, besides containing water in the rainy season, the water can be used to sustain water for agriculture in the dry season to avoid any crop failure. When the pond becomes dry, the farmers can harvest the suspended load sediment such as clay or silt to spread onto their land to keep its fertility.

A criterion for crack initiation and propagation in intact rocks under creep condition

This paper presents a study on the criterion of crack initiation and propagation under creep conditions, which were investigated using specimens collected from outcropped sandstone rock formations. Beam specimens under three points bending were used in this investigation. The experimental result shows that due to creep deformation, rock crack will inevitably initiate and propagate after a time interval of sustained loading under a load of K I , which is less than fracture toughness K IC but not less than a constant marked as K IC2 . K IC2 indicates the ability of rock to resist crack initiation and propagation under creep conditions and it is defined as creep fracture toughness.

Contribution of Lake Victoria Small-scale Fisheries to Poverty Alleviation： A Case Study of Tanzania Small-scale Fisheries

This paper has attempted to show the contribution of Lake Victoria small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation. Two districts in Mwanza region in the Lake Victoria Zone were identified for a field research. The two districts are Sengerema and Ilemela. The results show that during high catch season both fishers and fishing gear owners generated high incomes, although gear owners were relatively far better than fishers. This was true for both Sardines and Nile perch fisheries. For instance, during high catch season, 39 sardine fishers each generated monthly income that ranged between $300 and $1,100, and 18 further fishers each generated income that was below $300. However, during low catch season, the incomes generated were very low for both fishers and gear owners to an extent of not even recovering the variable costs. The scenario was different with Nile perch fishers, out of 53 fishers that were sampled, 44 fishers each generated net monthly income that was below $400 during high catch season and during low catch season, 46 out of 53 fishers each generated net monthly income that was below $200. Fishers were the hardest hit during low catch season.

Deduction and experimental investigation of constitutive relation of liquefaction of saturated sand

According to the existing problems of liquefaction models of saturated sand that were put forward under dynamic action,on the basis of Handin-Drnevich model,a new calculating model of the dynamic constitutive relation of saturated sand was put forward.The model was based on the basic hypothesis of instantaneous limit balance according to the basic principle that the stress estate is the destroyed condition was not overstepped.The calculated method of increment nonlinear was referenced and combined with the excellence of the model of distributed particles.The process of vibrating liquefaction of saturated sand was divided into some areas.And the phenomena of shearing dilatation and unloading shrink of saturated sand were considered.On above basic a new calculating constitutive relation model was proposed.There are a few parameters in the model.The physical means of the parameters are very evident and quantized.They could be obtained from the dynamic triaxial test in door.The model was contrasted and validated with the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door.The comparison of the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door and the calculating results of the model indicates that all sorts of phenomenon appearing in the process of liquefaction of saturated sand could be more perfectly reflected by the model.Especially at the initial stage of development of pore water pressure and strain of saturated sand,the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door are consistent with the calculated results of the model very much.But there is some difference between the results at the anaphase of development of pore water pressure and strain.On the path of stress,the calculating and experimenting ultimate state surfaces are almost identical.

Aerosol Type Identification Using PARASOL Multichannel Polarized Data

PARASOL(Polarization & Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-channel and multi-directional polarized data for different aerosol types were compared.The PARASOL polarized radiance data at 490 nm,670 nm,and 865 nm increased with aerosol optical thickness(AOT) for fine-mode aerosols;however,the polarized radiances at 490 nm and 670 nm decreased as AOT increased for coarse dust aerosols.Thus,the variation of the polarized radiance with AOT can be used to identify fine or coarse particle-dominated aerosols.Polarized radiances at three wavelengths for fine-and coarse-mode aerosols were analyzed and fitted by linear regression.The slope of the line for 670 nm and 490 nm wavelength pairs is less than 0.35 for dust aerosols.However,the value for fine-mode aerosols is greater than 0.60.The Support Vector Machine method(SVM) based on 12 vector features was used to discriminate clear sky,coarse dust aerosols,fine-mode aerosols,and cloud.Two cases were given and validated by AErosol RObotic NETwork(AERONET) measurements,MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) FMF(Fine Mode Fraction at 550 nm) images,PARASOL RGB(Red Green Blue) images,and CALIOP(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) VFM(Vertical Feature Mask) data.

Study of the engineering geologic feature of weathering zone of bedrock in 810 producing area of Luling Mine

For a safe extracting of the mine resource of the razor thin capping rock, a study of waterproof, sand prevention, roof fall prevention must be made. As a result, it’s necessary to master the engineering feature of weathering zone of bedrock. According to the lithology appraisal and X diffract analyses, the mineral feature of weathering zone of bedrock in 810 producing area has been studied in this article. By testing the physical mechanics index of weathering zone, we have found out some features of physical mechanic quality. Utilizing the determined result of viscosity index and slaking test, we reach a conclusion of the water stability of weathering zone, that is the weathering zone rock belongs to the type that is easily slaked when encountered water and the water stability is weak.