渤南洼陷沙四上亚段浊积体沉积相划分

简述了胜利油田渤南洼陷沙四上亚段地质特征,综述了浊积岩内涵及其形成序列和模式。对渤南洼陷6口井沙四上亚段沉积相、微相进行了研究,从深水环境的岩性标志、密度流成因的岩石构造标志、浊积成因的粒度分布特征、地震和测井响应及适宜的形成条件等五个方面论证在洼陷带半深湖相、深湖相沉积背景下发育了湖底扇及远源砂砾岩透镜体,分析了渤南洼陷沙四上亚段沉积相。

冀东沉积沙岛的演变与开发利用

分析水动力对冀东沉积沙岛的作用和沉积沙岛的演变。

受潮汐影响的镇江内湖水沙通量研究

内湖与长江直接相通,在径流与潮流双重作用下,其水量、悬沙交换规律复杂多变。本文建立了内湖二维水流-悬沙耦合数学模型,在有限体积法框架下应用通量差分裂(FDS)格式计算模型中各跨单元边界的数值通量,基于内湖野外同步监测数据对模型进行了率定验证;选择典型年及典型潮汐过程,对不同时间尺度下内湖与长江水沙交换过程进行数值计算,结果表明:内湖水流通量、悬沙沉积量年际、年内分布较不均匀,丰水年内湖水流通量及悬沙沉积量明显高于平水年、枯水年;各典型年内,水沙交换量主要集中在洪季5月至10月,洪季水流通量与悬沙沉积量分别约占全年总量的90%与95%;内湖洪季全日潮水流通量约8292.3万m3,悬沙沉积量约1 344.1t,明显高于枯季;潮汐作用对内湖水沙交换影响较大,在全潮最低水位时刻,内湖水流通量最小但悬沙沉积量却达到最大。

全固废烧结砖的制备及性能研究

以建筑渣土、黄河沉积沙以及污泥为原材料制备全固废烧结砖,借助XRD、XRF、SEM等手段对原材料进行了详细的理化性质测试,确定了坯体的最佳制备方法及烧结制度,探究了含水率及黄河沉积沙掺量对烧结砖力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:含水率为25%时坯体水分挥发稳定,此时砖体烧结强度高;黄河沉积沙取代率为30%时坯体内形成完整的骨架结构,烧结砖强度增加;在每2个梯度间进行2 h保温处理,可为物质反应及气体挥发提供所需外部环境,提升烧结质量;烧结砖内部存在高温冷却后形成的由玻璃相以及主晶相构成的砖体骨架,使砖体具有良好的结构稳定性及力学强度;在含水率为25%、黄河沉积沙取代率为30%时,砖体强度达到29.3 MPa,吸水率为9.9%,符合工程用砖要求。通过原材料处理、配比设计、坯体成型、烧结工艺等方面对烧结砖的制备工艺进行研究,为全固废烧结砖的生产制备提供了理论依据。

松散沉积物的有效密度及其声压反射损失

本文将液型介质向松散的沙质沉积物中延拓， 获得了松散沙质沉积物中的有效密度表达式，利用该表达式计算了松散的沙质沉积物表面上的平面声波的反射系数的模，并与实验数据进行比较，理论与实验相符合。

具有沙(泥)质海底时均匀浅海中的平均声强

过去常用连续介质模型来描述海底,来建立海水中声场的唯象理论,使声强公式不能用海底沉积物的基本参数来表示出.现在把海底沉积物视为一种松散的颗粒介质,松散的沙(泥)质沉积物,用"单参数模型"来描述,考虑到声源在海水层中所激发简正波数目的有限性,将简正波按能量相加,并对发射深度与接收深度在容区内进行平均,得出非均匀浅海中平均声强的表式.由此用演绎法得出了均匀浅海中的平均声强.该声强能用海底沉积物中的基本参数来表出.声强的表式显示出均匀浅海中的声强不具深度结构,却具水平结构,能完满地解释惠斯顿猜想.

具有沙(泥)质海底的负声速梯度浅海中简正波的衰减系数

过去设海底是一种连续的液态介质,由简正波声场的本征值(极点)方程解出其中的衰减系数,该衰减系数是由海底上的平面声波的反射系数和水文条件来表出.这样的结果是唯象结果,看不出海底沉积物的基本参数对它的影响.现在设海底是一种松散的颗粒介质(沙(泥)质沉积物),由声场的本征值引入本征声线的概念,用射线声学的方法导出了简正波的衰减系数,借助于松散颗粒介质上的平面声波反射系数的表式使该衰减系数与海底沉积物的基本参数联系起来,克服了过去唯象结果的不足,但与过去的唯象结果互相沟通、互相补充和互相佐证.

管道内泥沙粗颗粒冲淤过程的数值模拟

近年来,我国城市暴雨洪涝灾害不断加剧,为建立更为完善的城市管道自净系统,对城市排水管道水力清淤的研究愈发重要。该文基于颗粒离散元法和点球浸没边界法对管道内泥沙粗颗粒冲淤过程进行模拟,首先采用三个算例对(CgLES_Ycode)代码模型进行验证,随后研究了不同流速条件下管道内泥沙颗粒运动,讨论了沉积沙床的侵蚀情况和冲淤效果,最后将模拟的现象结合工程手册进行了分析。

Sedimentary Environment Analysis of Ancient Sand Ridges from Zk23 Hole in the East China Sea

Abstract： Based on the analysis of core samples from the hole of Zk23 in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and by means of sedimentary stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, the authors consider that the fine-sand deposition in borehole was part of buried ancient estuary sand ridges of the Yangtze River. The deposition history of study area around the hole before and after the glacial period as well as postglacial period is made clear after our research： （1） the estuarine sublayer -undersea delta facies strata was deposited under the fast sea level rise about 15 kaB.P; （2） sand ridges mostly consisting of fine-sand, were formed when the sea level was the fluctuant range of 60 - 80 m of isoba during the deglacial period around 15 - 12 kaB.P; （3） first silty clay and clay silt strata above the sand ridges were deposited during the period when the sea level rose fast from 12 to 7 kaB.P, and then it keeps stable to the present.

海底输油管道最小输量研究

为保证海管安全运行,输量需同时满足热力条件允许最小输量、管道特性允许最小输量和避免沙沉积最小输量的要求。

Suspended Sediment Transport and Deposition in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea Area

The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.

Impact of the water-sediment regulation and a rainstorm on nutrient transport in the Huanghe River

Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.

Influencing factors of sediment deposition and their spatial variability in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Many factors can affect the sediment deposition and soil erosion process in riparian zone, including terrain, sediment transport and water level fluctuations. Clarifying the factors influencing sediment deposition process in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoirs is an important problem to determine the key area of sediment deposition and its trend of development in the study area. In order to reveal the influence of these environmental factors on the sediment deposition in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, this study investigated 1） the amount of deposited sediment in different environmental conditions, 2） the potential factors affecting sediment deposition in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, 3） the relationship between the deposited sediment amount and these factors previously mentioned using correlation analysis, and 4） the influence of human activities considered as an additional factor. This study found that 1） slope gradient, elevation, inundating duration and human activities were the main factors influencing sedimentation in riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and 2） the impact of each factor varied with spaces. Specifically, in the upper reach from Jiangjin to Fuling, human activities such as gravel dredging, bank revetment and ports and wharfs constructing disturbed considerable amounts of deposited sediment, as a result, there was no natural law to dictate the distribution. In the middle reach from Fuling to Fengjie, slope gradient and inundating duration were the controlling factors, and the sediment deposition amount was greater in the areas with a gentler slope or lower elevation. Water flow on gentler slopes generally had lower velocity, resulting in more sediment to deposit. Sites with lower elevations would be drowned by sediment-laden flow with a longer duration resulting from hydrologic regime controlled by the operating strategy of the Three Gorges Reservoir, leading to a larger amount of sediment deposition. In the lower reach from Fengjie to Zigni, slope gradient was similar to the middle reach, performing a primary factor, while other factors showed little relationship with sediment amount.

THE USE OF GRAIN SIZE TRENDS IN MARINE SEDIMENT DYNAMICS: A REVIEW

Spatial changes in grain size parameters (i.e. grain size trends) contain information on sediment transport patterns. An analytical procedure has been proposed to transform the grain size trends into an image of trend vectors, which may represent net sediment transport pathways. A fundamental assumption for such an approach is that the frequency of occurrence of the trend adopted is much higher in the transport direction, than in any of other directions. Preliminary studies show agreement between this assumption and observations. However, further investigations into the physical processes and mechanisms for the formation of grain size trends are required to improve the technique, including flume experiments and numerical modeling. Moreover, attention should be paid to the trends associated with fine grained sediment, for the method of grain size trend analysis is so far designed for coarse grained material only. The processes of flocculation during settling and the wash load property must be considered. Appropriate interpretation of grain size data will improve our understanding of the physics of granular materials.

Features of Sand-dust Deposits in Harbin City,China

From the sedimentologic view, this paper analyses the grain-size distribution and the chemical composition of the deposits from sand-dust storm, occurring in Harbin on March 20, 2002. The result indicates that there exist plentiful coarse matters in the sand-dust deposits in Harbin, and the sand-dust composition presents obvious three peak distribution characteristics, indicating that the sand-dust in Harbin is composed of multi-origin components. The grain-size composition consists of silt （4-8Φ）, accounting for 71.18% of the total, sand （〉4Φ）, 21.70%, and clay （〈8Φ）, only 7.13%. The average grain size （Mz） is 5.14Φ. The chemical elements of the deposits are mainly SiO2 and A1203 and Fe203, totally occupying 77.8%. The enrichment factors （EF） of Mg, K, Si, Fe, Mn, P, Ti, Co, Ni and V elements are all about 1, which mainly come fi＇om lithosphere source, while parts of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Se elements are from pollution sources out of lithosphere source, and As, Cd and Sb elements are mainly from pollution sources. Based on the comprehensive analysis of grain-size, chemical composition, enrichment factor （EF）, discriminant function （DF） and matter source index （PI）, this paper points out that the grain-size distribution and element composition of the sand-dust deposits in Harbin are evidently different from the loess and sand-dust in Lanzhou, and that matter source of the sand-dust in Harbin is different from the loess in Northwest China and the sand-dust in Lanzhon. The sand-dust deposits in Harbin are an admixture of coarse grains transmitted in short distance and fine grains transported in long distance. The plentiful coarse grains of the sand-dust deposits in Harbin origin from sand of local spot, and are the near-souroe deposits transported by low altitude airflow.

Influence of vegetation cover and other sources of variability on sediment and runoff response in a burned forest in South Korea

Post-fire field measurements of sediment and run off yield were undertaken in natural rainfall event-basis during five rainy months in Korea on a total of 15 small plots: four replica burned unseeded plots, six replica burned seeded plots, and five replica unburned plots. The main aim was to evaluate the effects of vegetation recovery and spatial distribution patterns on sediment and runoff response between and within the treatment replica erosion plots. Sixyears after the wildfire, total sediment and runoff yield in the burned unseeded plots with 20%-30%vegetation cover was still 120.8 and 20.6 times higher than in the unburned treatment plots with 100%ground cover, 8.3 and 6.7 times higher than in the burned seeded plots with 70%-80% vegetation cover,while only 1.6 and 2.0 times higher than in the burned seeded plots with 50%-60% vegetation cover,respectively. The differences in sediment and runoff yield between the treatment plots was proportional to total vegetation cover, distance of bare soil to vegetation cover, magnitude of rainfall characteristics and changes in soil properties, but not slope gradient.Three out of the six within-treatment pairs of two replica plots showed large differences in sediment and runoff yield of up to 6.0 and 4.2 times and mean CV of up to 99.1% and 62.2%, respectively. This was due to differences in the spatial distribution patterns of surface cover features, including aggregation of vegetation and litter covers, the distance of bare soil exposed to vegetation cover closer to the plot sediment collector and micro topographic mounds and sinks between pairs of replica plots. Small differences in sediment and runoff of only 0.9-1.4folds and mean CV of 8.6%-25% were observed where the within-treatment pairs of replica plots had similar slope, total surface cover components and comparable spatial distribution pattern of vegetation and bare soil exposed surface covers. The results indicated that post-fire hillslopes undergoing effective vegetation recovery have the potential to reduce sediment and runoff production nearer to unburned levels within 6-years after burning while wildfire impacts could last more than 6-years on burned unseeded ridge slopes undergoing slow vegetation recovery.

Sedimentary facies and evolution of aeolianites on Shidao Island,Xisha Islands

The aeolianite deposits on Shidao Island of the Xisha Islands,the South China Sea,contain five stages of aeolian biocalcarenites and four paleosols.The aeolian biocalcarenites consist of two sedimentary facies:dune and interdune deposits.In the dunes,large-scale festoon cross-bedding,humped cross-bedding and high-angle foreset bedding are well developed,and in the interdunes,large-scale flat-bedding and low-angle wedge shaped cross-bedding are well developed.The sedimentary structures and lamella features indicate that the aeolian deposits are driven mainly by the northeast monsoon.The aeolian biocalcarenite and paleosols may reflect the arid and humid climates of the East Asian monsoon,respectively.By comparison with the stalagmite oxygen isotope climosequence of Hulu Cave,Nanjing,we inferred that the aeolianite formed in the last glacial stage,and the paleosols were formed during relatively long-term warm events.

The Suspended Sediment Concentration Distribution in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea

The distribution of the suspended sediment concentration （SSC） in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea （BYECS） is studied based on the observed turbidity data and model simulation results. The observed turbidity results show that （i） the highest SSC is found in the coastal areas while in the outer shelf sea areas turbid water is much more difficult to observe, （ii） the surface layer SSC is much lower than the bottom layer SSC and （iii） the winter SSC is higher than the summer SSC. The Regional Ocean Modeling System （ROMS） is used to simulate the SSC distribution in the BYECS. A comparison between the modeled SSC and the observed SSC in the BYECS shows that the modeled SSC can reproduce the principal features of tlte SSC distribution in the BYECS. The dynamic mechanisms of the sediment erosion and transport processes are studied based on the modeled results. The horizontal distribution of the SSC in the BYECS is mainly determined by the current-wave induced bottom stress and the fine-grain sediment distribution. The current-induced bottom stress is much higher than the wave-induced bottom stress, which means the tidal currents play a more significant role in the sediment resuspension than the wind waves. The vertical mixing strength is studied based on the mixed layer depth and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the BYECS. The strong winter time vertical mixing, which is mainly caused by the strong wind stress and surface cooling, leads to high surface layer SSC in winter. High surface layer SSC in summer is restricted in the coastal areas.

Effect of Water and Sediment Regulation on Lower Yellow River

According to the results of the water and sediment regulations of the Yellow River in year 2002—2007,the effect of erosion and deposition on the lower reaches,the amount and distribution of erosion and deposition in the river mouth area,the adjustment of river regime,the effect of river regulation projects and changes of flowing capacity of the channel are analyzed.It is revealed that the water and sediment regulation is efficient to reduce deposition and improve the flowing capacity and the conditions of sediment transport.