沙漠型旅游区——银肯响沙湾景区生命周期分析

运用Bulter R W的旅游地生命周期理论和弗农的产品周期理论,分析了沙漠型旅游区——银肯响沙湾的生命周期,并结合影响旅游地生命周期的因素、沙漠旅游地的特点及沙漠旅游的趋势,提出旅游地开发管理的思路。

沙漠型景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应

植被是沙漠景区水土保持和防风固沙的重要屏障。选取宁夏沙坡头和黄沙古渡景区,采用既成事实法就景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应进行调查研究。结果表明:1自然状态下,踩踏干扰主要集中在道路边缘4m范围内,但不同性质道路差异较大;2采用地表覆盖物响应指数来衡量道路沿线生态环境响应程度,在道路边缘1m范围内各调查样区受冲击均达到非常严重的程度,只有沙坡头北区沙漠栈道调查路段地表覆盖物响应指数值全部在44.9%以下,属于中等-轻微程度干扰,这是由于栈道两侧木栏作用明显;3游客对游步道沿线沙漠植被盖度可接受改变限度为16.4%,沙漠植被覆盖率应在此水平以下,其中沙坡头北区沙漠栈道两侧植被盖度达到了难以接受程度,说明游客在沙漠中的空旷、苍凉的体验需求与沙漠生态治理之间是天然的难以调和的对立体;4游步道沿线生态环境响应强弱与道路坡度、边坡坡度、游步道两侧生态系统以及游步道宽度具有一定相关性。研究结果也表明,目前游客踩踏干扰已对沙漠景区道路沿线生态环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。研究对沙漠景区景观和游步道设计、规范游客行为、建立沙漠景区环境容量预警机制、实现宁夏沙漠旅游可持续发展具有指导价值。

沙漠型景区客源市场结构与游客行为特征——以宁夏沙坡头为例

客源市场结构与游客行为研究是旅游资源开发、旅游目的地管理及可持续发展极其重要的基础。以沙坡头景区为例,通过问卷调查,对沙漠型景区游客的基本社会属性、决策行为特征、时空行为特征、景区满意度等方面进行了调研,基于Excel、SPSS软件对数据进行处理分析。结果表明:(1)沙漠型景区的客源市场具有明显的空间地域性,西北地区和华北地区是主要客源市场;(2)沙漠旅游发展趋势愈加大众化。游客以中等收入的青年、中年为主,且沙漠旅游意愿强烈;(3)网络和亲友推荐是沙漠型景区游客获取旅游信息的主要途径;(4)沙漠型景区自助游如火如荼,倍受青睐;(5)沙漠型景区的体验项目备受欢迎;(6)游客在沙漠型景区停留时间集中在4~5 h。

沙漠型景区旅游环境承载力预警研究——以宁夏沙坡头为例

以沙坡头景区为例,引入预警理论,运用旅游环境承载率计算公式和BP神经网络预测模型对沙漠型景区现状和未来旅游环境承载力进行预警分析。结果表明:(1)将沙漠型景区旅游环境承载力预警警界区间划分为弱载(<0.8)、适载(0.8～1.0)、轻度超载(1.0～1.2)、中度超载(1.2～1.5)、严重超载(>1.5)等5个级别,对应的预警状态分别用黑灯、绿灯、黄灯、橙灯和红灯来警示;(2)沙坡头景区现状旅游环境承载力在旅游旺季整体上处于弱载状态,但"五一"、"十一"假期处于超载状态;(3)沙坡头景区在2016—2020年内旅游环境承载力仍会处于不断上升的趋势,但速度会放缓,"五一"、"十一"假期旅游高峰期间会处于超载状态。根据承载力预警结果,提出不同承载状态的预警方案。

中国沙漠型旅游景区发展现状及前景

自20世纪中叶以来,沙漠旅游兴起,受到大众的喜爱,生态环境的改善也促使很多观光型的沙漠主题景区开始向度假型转变。中国的沙漠型旅游景区逐年增多,也开始向着高品质、多元化发展,但在发展过程中也面临诸多困境,如沙漠型景区建设成本高、融资困难,游客停留时间短,旅游产品单一,宣传力度不足等。通过相关的网站数据分析和国内外优秀案例对比,对沙漠旅游存在的问题进行了前瞻性思考,提出了拓宽融资渠道、加强产品创新、合理配置活动项目和住宿设施、打造风景道、借助新媒体进行推广等对策。

普若岗日冰原西侧冰前风沙地貌的形成与我国冰川型沙漠的发现

在青藏高原中央、普若岗日冰原西侧流石坡地带山麓面上,分布有约100km2的由戈壁与沙丘组成的地貌,这是世界罕见的、也是我国发现的首例中纬度、高海拔地区冰前沙漠沉积。野外地貌、地层测量和室内样品的粒度、矿物、14C测年分析等结果表明,其形成时代约为16kaBP以来;沉积特征在沙丘沉积序列中表现为风成砂夹零星腐殖质层,在戈壁中表现为砾石表面具次生方解石或碳酸钙沉淀层;演化模式为冷直线式;形成条件为以下伏冰碛物为主要砂源,以行星西风环流和高原冬季风引起的地面西风为主要动力,以持续的寒冷半干旱为气候背景;成因主要与冰原西缘冰川作用形成丰富的冰碛物砂源有关;因此,这类沙漠与一般冰缘沙漠以河湖相砂为源具有显著区别,可称为"冰川型沙漠"。由于其形成兼与冰原、气候和环流的变化密切相关,所以它是高原腹地全新世气候环境变化的重要记录。

赣江万安水利枢纽回水变动区二维水沙模型的建立与研究

本文建立了万安水库回水变动区二维泥沙数学模型 ,该模型采用的悬沙输移模式能较好的体现悬沙和床沙的交换机理 。

沟谷型沙漠泥流堆积体起动过程中的孔压变化特性

以黄河上游宁蒙段典型风水复合侵蚀流域为研究区域,重点针对堆积体堵塞沟道极端条件下的沟谷型沙漠泥流,从堆积体起动成灾的环节入手,开展直槽概化模型试验,并采用基于有效应力原理的流固耦合模型,概化模拟上游暴雨洪水入渗条件下堆积体内孔隙水压力变化特性及其起动过程,从微观角度揭示其成灾机理。结果表明:堆积体起动过程中孔隙水压力与时间呈指数为0.5的幂函数关系;流固耦合作用下堆积体内经历了应力场→体积应变→孔隙率→孔隙水压力→渗流场→塑性应变→屈服破坏的复杂非线性变化过程。

Sandy Desertification Status and its Driving Mechanism in North Tibet Plateau

As the main body of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, North Tibet Plateau is one of three major sandy desertification regions in China and also a representative sandy desertification zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Accordingly, it is an important region for the study of recent sandy desertification processes and formation mechanism. From such aspects as desertified land types, areas and distributions etc., this paper analyses in detail the sandy desertification status on North Tibet Plateau, and qualitatively and quantitatively deals with the main factors that affect recent sandy desertification processes and the driving mechanism. Research results show that North Tibet Plateau is an important sandy desertification region in China characterized with large desertified land areas, diversified types, high severity, extensive distributions and serious damages. Sandy desertification occurrence and development resulted from combined effects of natural factors, anthropogenic factors, natural processes and man-made processes, of which climatic change is the main driving force.

Evaluation of the Sex Pheromone Efficiency of the Lesser Date Moth, Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick （Lepidoptera： Batrachedridae）, in Baghdad, Iraq

The study was conducted in date palm groves in Swaib region of Baghdad for the agricultural season 2012. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula, sex pheromone lure and its longevity in harsh desert climate. Various trap types and height have been studied for traps baited with B. amydraula pheromone lure. Results indicated that an average of 11.33 males/trap/week was captured on traps baited B. amydraula lure during the last week of April, which represents the onset of insect in the field. The highest rate of trap catches was recorded as 20 males/trap/week during the first week of May. Around 90% of the moths were emerged during these two weeks. B. amydraula pheromone lure remained effective over a period 7-8 weeks. Traps which placed at a height of three meters from the ground level were found more efficient than those suspended at six meters. An average of trap catches was 1.99-5.32 males/trap/week for traps placed at three meters height and whereas 1-3.99 males/trap/week was recorded on traps placed in six meters height. Delta trap was found more effective than funnel traps when applied against B. amydraula.

Estimation of aerosol properties over the Chinese desert region with MODIS AOD assimilation in a global model

A Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter assimilation system has been implemented into an aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model to simulate the aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical properties of 3 desert sites(Ansai, Fukang, Shapotou) in northwestern China. One-month experiment results of April 2006 reveal that the data assimilation can correct the much overestimated aerosol surface mass concentration, and has a strong positive effect on the aerosol optical depth(AOD) simulation, improving agreement with observations. Improvement is limited with the?ngstr€om Exponent(AE) simulation, except for much improved correlation coefficient and model skill scores over the Ansai site. Better agreement of the AOD spatial distribution with the independent observations of Terra(Deep Blue) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR) AODs is obtained by assimilating the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) AOD product, especially for regions with AODs lower than 0.30. This study confirms the usefulness of the remote sensing observations for the improvement of global aerosol modeling.

Mine rocky desertification： Another type of rocky desertification coexisting with Karst rocky desertification in Karst region

Mine rocky desertification is another type of rocky desertification which coexists with Karst rocky desertification, suggested firstly by professor SONG Jian-bo, Guizhou University. Mine rocky desertification is a process and result that the earth＇s surface is similar to desert landscapes after rock is exposed gradually, owing to mine wastes discharged at will which consist of waste residue, waste liquid and waste gas. On the basis of introducing Karst rocky desertification simply, we clarify the concept of Mine rocky desertification systemically, analyze its danger and compare the differences between Mine rocky desertification and Karst rocky desertification. Finally, we make preliminary discussion on the study significance of comprehensive treatment of Mine rocky desertification

2种生态型芦苇RCA基因特征及表达特异性

芦苇(Phragmites australis)分布范围广,生物量巨大,环境适应性强。受芦苇多倍体基因组的限制,在基因水平上解释其独特的物种特质非常困难。利用三代测序及多种方法研究2种生态型芦苇(2n=8x)中RCA基因(编码Rubisco活化酶)的类型、结构、表达和定位模式。结果表明,芦苇基因组中有4类RCA基因,均属于RCA2β。转录水平和蛋白质水平检测以及免疫胶体金定位结果表明,芦苇RCA的基因表达模式和蛋白质定位具有明显的生态型特异性。与沼泽芦苇(SR)相比,沙丘芦苇(DR)中RCA的表达水平较低,且更倾向于产生RCA2-β2产物。通过分相的蛋白双向电泳和质谱方法,鉴定到6个高表达的RCA同型物。在DR中这些同型物高比例地分布于膜相。研究表明当芦苇处于极度恶劣的沙漠环境中, RCA转移到膜相并参与叶绿体的膜保护机制。

宁夏沙湖景区生态旅游环境容量

以湿地景观为主的沙漠型景区旅游环境容量有特殊性。选取具有典型代表性的沙湖景区为研究对象,对生态旅游环境容量测算及限制因子进行分析。结果表明:研究区旅游空间容量、经济容量及心理容量均较大,而旅游生态容量较小,且与其他容量存在显著差距,尤其是沙漠滨水区域作为景区发展的核心地带,肩负着旅游开发与生态保护的重任,以植被环境容量为最敏感因子的生态环境容量,最有可能成为此类型景区旅游环境容量的瓶颈。基于测评结果,设置高、中、低不同容量的情景方案,并提出相应的景区发展及生态环境保护策略。