Relocation of the Yellow River estuary has significant impacts on not only terrestrial environment and human activities, but also sedimentary and ecological environments in coastal seas. The responses of regional geoc...Relocation of the Yellow River estuary has significant impacts on not only terrestrial environment and human activities, but also sedimentary and ecological environments in coastal seas. The responses of regional geochemical characteristics to the relocation event, however, have not been well studied. In the present study, we performed detailed geochemical elemental analyses of a sediment core from the northern Yellow Sea and studied their geochemical responses to the 1855AD relocation of the Yellow River estuary. The results show that TOC/TN, Co/A1203, Cr/A1203, Ni/A1203 and Se/A1203 ratios all decreased abruptly after 1855 AD, and similar decreases are observed in the sediments of the mud area southwest off the Cheju Island. These abrupt changes are very likely caused by the changes in source materials due to the relocation of the Yellow River estuary from the southern Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea, which the corresponding decreasing trends caused by the changes in main source materials from those transported by the Liaohe River, the Haihe River and the Luanhe River to those by the Yellow River. Because the events have precise ages recorded in historical archives, these obvious changes in elemental geochemistry of sediments can be used to calibrate age models of related coastal sea sediments.展开更多
Historical records of metal inputs were studied by using a sediment core collected from a sand-rich mudflat in the Qinjiang River estuary, China. 210Pb chronology was used to reconstruct the fluxes of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, ...Historical records of metal inputs were studied by using a sediment core collected from a sand-rich mudflat in the Qinjiang River estuary, China. 210Pb chronology was used to reconstruct the fluxes of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and As to the core site during the last 86 years. Based on the constant initial concentration model, the sedimentation rates are 1.18 cm year-1 in the top 30 cm sandy layer and 0.92 cm year-1 in the muddy bottom layer. To compensate for grain-size and mineralogy effects on metal concentra-tions, aluminum was used as the normalizing element. The enrichment factors (EF) indicate that the natural inputs had prevailed up to the early 1980s. After this period, the intensity of human activities has resulted in continual increasing trend of metals towards the surface. Recent sediment samples from the Qinjiang River estuary are found moderately enriched by Cd (EF>1.5) and slightly enriched by other metals (EF<1.5). Considering that the drainage area of the Qinjiang River is mostly agricultural land, the increased Cd may be due to the usage of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural activities and the combustion of fossil fuels.展开更多
Sediment cores with length of 25-45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, CaO, TiO 2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and gra...Sediment cores with length of 25-45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, CaO, TiO 2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe 2O 3, Al 2O 3, TiO 2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe 2O 3, Al 2O 3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.展开更多
Guan River Estuary and adjacent coastal area(GREC) suffer from serious pollution and eutrophicational problems over the recent years.Thus,reducing the land-based load through the national pollutant total load control ...Guan River Estuary and adjacent coastal area(GREC) suffer from serious pollution and eutrophicational problems over the recent years.Thus,reducing the land-based load through the national pollutant total load control program and developing hydrodynamic and water quality models that can simulate the complex circulation and water quality kinetics within the system,including longitudinal and lateral variations in nutrient and COD concentrations,is a matter of urgency.In this study,a three-dimensional,hydrodynamic,water quality model was developed in GREC,Northern Jiangsu Province.The complex three-dimensional hydrodynamics of GREC were modeled using the unstructured-grid,finite-volume,free-surface,primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model(FVCOM).The water quality model was adapted from the mesocosm nutrients dynamic model in the south Yellow Sea and considers eight compartments:dissolved inorganic nitrogen,soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP),phytoplankton,zooplankton,detritus,dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP),and chemical oxygen demand.The hydrodynamic and water quality models were calibrated and confirmed for 2012 and 2013.A comparison of the model simulations with extensive dataset shows that the models accurately simulate the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamics and water quality.The model can be used for total load control management to improve water quality in this area.展开更多
Shoot density, standing crop （above- and below-ground biomass） and habitat of salt marsh grass Porteresia coarctata were investigated along the coast of Bakkhali estuary, Cox＇s Bazar, Bangladesh from January to Dec...Shoot density, standing crop （above- and below-ground biomass） and habitat of salt marsh grass Porteresia coarctata were investigated along the coast of Bakkhali estuary, Cox＇s Bazar, Bangladesh from January to December 2006. Shoot density of P. coarctata was influenced by season and was found to be higher （〉2 500 shoots/m2） in post-monsoon and minimal in monsoon season; plants were particularly active in vegetative propagation during pre-monsoon. Above-ground biomass was greater along the protected coast compared with the exposed one in this estuary. Below-ground biomass was higher （7.75-269.53 g DW/m2） than that above ground （2.20-114.75 g DW/m2）. Standing crops ofP. coarctata showed a negative relationship （R=-0.77; P〈0.05） with sedimentation rate, while seasonal activity influenced sedimentation. The recorded sedimentation rate was lower （6.09 mg/（cm2·d）） in pre-monsoon and highest （14.55 mg/（cm2·d）） in monsoon season. The mean value of pore water salinity was higher （34.25±65.05） during post-monsoon and lowest （18.0±3.71） in monsoon season. The soil was sandy clay in this P. coarctata bed; it consisted of 86% sand, 13% clay and 1% silt. Soil organic matter dropped during the monsoon season （0.78%-0.67%） and was highest （（2.17±1.42）%-（2.3±1.47）%） during post-monsoon, probably owing to accumulation of decomposed peat on the marsh surface. The mean pore water NH4-N concentration ranged from 2.444-1.65 to 3.33±1.82 μg/L, with a minimum air temperature of 22.09℃ in post-monsoon and a maximum of 31.16℃ in pre-monsoon. Variations of physico-chemical parameters in the soil, water, and climate governed biological parameters of P. coarctata in the Bakkhali estuary, and were comparable with estuarine environments elsewhere.展开更多
Korapuzha is a short river of 40 km with a drainage area of 624 km^2, flowing from dense forest and empties into the Arabian sea. It is formed by the confluence of two streams Agalapuzha and Punnoorpuzha. In this stud...Korapuzha is a short river of 40 km with a drainage area of 624 km^2, flowing from dense forest and empties into the Arabian sea. It is formed by the confluence of two streams Agalapuzha and Punnoorpuzha. In this study the samples were collected from Agalapuzha, Punnoorpuzha and Korappuzha, Korapuzha estuaries. The temperature and pH were monitored on the site and the remaining parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The physical quality parameters such as color, odor, appearance and chemical quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, total solids, total hardness, and iron have been evaluated. Compare the physical and chemical parameters. The physico-chemical analysis shows that the samples have high level of salinity, sulphate, total solids and total hardness. The results show that the water is affected by the intrusion of sea water into the river by excess excavation of sands from river for the construction of buildings and other anthropogenic activities which leads to environmental destruction.展开更多
River estuarine environment plays a key role in the cycling of biological and chemical parameters and a significant region for the transaction of freshwater and seawater. In the present study, a first attempt has been...River estuarine environment plays a key role in the cycling of biological and chemical parameters and a significant region for the transaction of freshwater and seawater. In the present study, a first attempt has been made towards the development of a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic circulation model with four compartment （nitrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus） biogeochemical model in the Hooghly estuary （21 °36′-22° 16′1 and 87°42＇-88°15′E） to simulate the varying effect of plankton biomass with the heavy input of anthropogenic litter from industrial effluents of Haldia port which is effecting the chemical and biological processes that control the plankton dynamics in the estuary. In-situ observational data for physico-chemical and biological parameters are collected from Calcutta University during 2010 are assimilated using multiscale OA （objective analysis） for different seasons and incorporated in ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） to develop a high resolution （0.5 km x 0.5 kin） biogeochemical model. Recent analysis on physico-chemical parameters of the estuary is done as it is one of the largest estuaries in India and is the habitat for vast biodiversity. Influence of high nitrate （above 34 μg/L） and phosphate （5.22 μg/L） is predominant whereas DO （dissolved oxygen） is low （4.07 mg/L） in the Haldi River mouth which is sliding the productivity （less than 1 mg/L） and also affects water quality.展开更多
Archaea play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Archaeal lipids, such as isoprenoid glycerol diakyl glycerol tetraethers(i GDGTs), are important biomarkers tracing change in archaeal community str...Archaea play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Archaeal lipids, such as isoprenoid glycerol diakyl glycerol tetraethers(i GDGTs), are important biomarkers tracing change in archaeal community structure and biogeochemical processes in the natural environments. In this research, the spatial distributions of archaeal lipids in the surface sediments of the Jiulong River(JR) and the Jiulong River estuary(JRE) were examined. GDGT-0(containing zero cyclopentyl ring) and crenarchaeol were the most abundant i GDGTs in the JR and JRE. From the rivers to the estuary, the total i GDGTs, GDGT-0, crenarchaeol and archaeol concentrations showed significant spatial variation; in particular, GDGT-0 and archaeol in the river may be predominantly derived in situ from methanogens, whereas crenarchaeol in the estuary mainly derived in situ from Thaumarchaeota. We inferred that archaeal community was dominated by methanogens in the Jiulong River and by Thaumarchaeota in the Jiulong River estuary, which are consistent with change in archaeal community structure observed in other estuarine environments.展开更多
Tidally induced resuspension processes play an important role in the release of mercury (Hg) into the water column, which increases the risk of Hg exposure to estuarine eco-systems. In order to further understand the ...Tidally induced resuspension processes play an important role in the release of mercury (Hg) into the water column, which increases the risk of Hg exposure to estuarine eco-systems. In order to further understand the geochemical activities of Hg in the intertidal area, the temporal variations of dissolved Hg (Hg D ) and particulate Hg (Hg P ) in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle and its geochemical processes were studied in the southern intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary, China. The concentrations of Hg D and Hg P varied between 37-612 ng/L and 51-638 ng/L respectively during the tidal cycle. The increase of Hg D was distinguished at the early flood tide and late ebb tide when the water flow rates were higher. The Hg D concentrations were negatively correlated with Hg P (r = 0.523, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (r = 0.605, p < 0.05) in the bottom water, indicating that the Hg D released from the sediments into the overlying water was associated with the simultaneously released colloidal material in the bottom water. The main pathways for the translocation of Hg from the sediments to the overlying water include the processes of desorption from resuspended particles, advection or diffusion from sediments, and the oxidation of resuspended sulfide. The results of principal components analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the combined effects of the total suspended substrate (TSS), DOC, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) influenced the geochemical activities of Hg in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB428902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40876088)
文摘Relocation of the Yellow River estuary has significant impacts on not only terrestrial environment and human activities, but also sedimentary and ecological environments in coastal seas. The responses of regional geochemical characteristics to the relocation event, however, have not been well studied. In the present study, we performed detailed geochemical elemental analyses of a sediment core from the northern Yellow Sea and studied their geochemical responses to the 1855AD relocation of the Yellow River estuary. The results show that TOC/TN, Co/A1203, Cr/A1203, Ni/A1203 and Se/A1203 ratios all decreased abruptly after 1855 AD, and similar decreases are observed in the sediments of the mud area southwest off the Cheju Island. These abrupt changes are very likely caused by the changes in source materials due to the relocation of the Yellow River estuary from the southern Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea, which the corresponding decreasing trends caused by the changes in main source materials from those transported by the Liaohe River, the Haihe River and the Luanhe River to those by the Yellow River. Because the events have precise ages recorded in historical archives, these obvious changes in elemental geochemistry of sediments can be used to calibrate age models of related coastal sea sediments.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Pro-gram) under grant No.2010CB951203the National 908 Program under grant No.GX908 (supplement)
文摘Historical records of metal inputs were studied by using a sediment core collected from a sand-rich mudflat in the Qinjiang River estuary, China. 210Pb chronology was used to reconstruct the fluxes of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and As to the core site during the last 86 years. Based on the constant initial concentration model, the sedimentation rates are 1.18 cm year-1 in the top 30 cm sandy layer and 0.92 cm year-1 in the muddy bottom layer. To compensate for grain-size and mineralogy effects on metal concentra-tions, aluminum was used as the normalizing element. The enrichment factors (EF) indicate that the natural inputs had prevailed up to the early 1980s. After this period, the intensity of human activities has resulted in continual increasing trend of metals towards the surface. Recent sediment samples from the Qinjiang River estuary are found moderately enriched by Cd (EF>1.5) and slightly enriched by other metals (EF<1.5). Considering that the drainage area of the Qinjiang River is mostly agricultural land, the increased Cd may be due to the usage of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural activities and the combustion of fossil fuels.
文摘Sediment cores with length of 25-45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, CaO, TiO 2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe 2O 3, Al 2O 3, TiO 2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe 2O 3, Al 2O 3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (Grant No.U1406403)the Sea Area Use Fund of Jiangsu Province (Environmental Capacity for the Key Coast of Jiangsu Province)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41340046)Modeling work was completed at the Computing Services Center,Ocean University of China
文摘Guan River Estuary and adjacent coastal area(GREC) suffer from serious pollution and eutrophicational problems over the recent years.Thus,reducing the land-based load through the national pollutant total load control program and developing hydrodynamic and water quality models that can simulate the complex circulation and water quality kinetics within the system,including longitudinal and lateral variations in nutrient and COD concentrations,is a matter of urgency.In this study,a three-dimensional,hydrodynamic,water quality model was developed in GREC,Northern Jiangsu Province.The complex three-dimensional hydrodynamics of GREC were modeled using the unstructured-grid,finite-volume,free-surface,primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model(FVCOM).The water quality model was adapted from the mesocosm nutrients dynamic model in the south Yellow Sea and considers eight compartments:dissolved inorganic nitrogen,soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP),phytoplankton,zooplankton,detritus,dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP),and chemical oxygen demand.The hydrodynamic and water quality models were calibrated and confirmed for 2012 and 2013.A comparison of the model simulations with extensive dataset shows that the models accurately simulate the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamics and water quality.The model can be used for total load control management to improve water quality in this area.
基金the AWARE Foundation of Australiathe Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology of Bangladeshthe Bangladesh Nature Foundation (BNF)
文摘Shoot density, standing crop （above- and below-ground biomass） and habitat of salt marsh grass Porteresia coarctata were investigated along the coast of Bakkhali estuary, Cox＇s Bazar, Bangladesh from January to December 2006. Shoot density of P. coarctata was influenced by season and was found to be higher （〉2 500 shoots/m2） in post-monsoon and minimal in monsoon season; plants were particularly active in vegetative propagation during pre-monsoon. Above-ground biomass was greater along the protected coast compared with the exposed one in this estuary. Below-ground biomass was higher （7.75-269.53 g DW/m2） than that above ground （2.20-114.75 g DW/m2）. Standing crops ofP. coarctata showed a negative relationship （R=-0.77; P〈0.05） with sedimentation rate, while seasonal activity influenced sedimentation. The recorded sedimentation rate was lower （6.09 mg/（cm2·d）） in pre-monsoon and highest （14.55 mg/（cm2·d）） in monsoon season. The mean value of pore water salinity was higher （34.25±65.05） during post-monsoon and lowest （18.0±3.71） in monsoon season. The soil was sandy clay in this P. coarctata bed; it consisted of 86% sand, 13% clay and 1% silt. Soil organic matter dropped during the monsoon season （0.78%-0.67%） and was highest （（2.17±1.42）%-（2.3±1.47）%） during post-monsoon, probably owing to accumulation of decomposed peat on the marsh surface. The mean pore water NH4-N concentration ranged from 2.444-1.65 to 3.33±1.82 μg/L, with a minimum air temperature of 22.09℃ in post-monsoon and a maximum of 31.16℃ in pre-monsoon. Variations of physico-chemical parameters in the soil, water, and climate governed biological parameters of P. coarctata in the Bakkhali estuary, and were comparable with estuarine environments elsewhere.
文摘Korapuzha is a short river of 40 km with a drainage area of 624 km^2, flowing from dense forest and empties into the Arabian sea. It is formed by the confluence of two streams Agalapuzha and Punnoorpuzha. In this study the samples were collected from Agalapuzha, Punnoorpuzha and Korappuzha, Korapuzha estuaries. The temperature and pH were monitored on the site and the remaining parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The physical quality parameters such as color, odor, appearance and chemical quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, total solids, total hardness, and iron have been evaluated. Compare the physical and chemical parameters. The physico-chemical analysis shows that the samples have high level of salinity, sulphate, total solids and total hardness. The results show that the water is affected by the intrusion of sea water into the river by excess excavation of sands from river for the construction of buildings and other anthropogenic activities which leads to environmental destruction.
文摘River estuarine environment plays a key role in the cycling of biological and chemical parameters and a significant region for the transaction of freshwater and seawater. In the present study, a first attempt has been made towards the development of a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic circulation model with four compartment （nitrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus） biogeochemical model in the Hooghly estuary （21 °36′-22° 16′1 and 87°42＇-88°15′E） to simulate the varying effect of plankton biomass with the heavy input of anthropogenic litter from industrial effluents of Haldia port which is effecting the chemical and biological processes that control the plankton dynamics in the estuary. In-situ observational data for physico-chemical and biological parameters are collected from Calcutta University during 2010 are assimilated using multiscale OA （objective analysis） for different seasons and incorporated in ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） to develop a high resolution （0.5 km x 0.5 kin） biogeochemical model. Recent analysis on physico-chemical parameters of the estuary is done as it is one of the largest estuaries in India and is the habitat for vast biodiversity. Influence of high nitrate （above 34 μg/L） and phosphate （5.22 μg/L） is predominant whereas DO （dissolved oxygen） is low （4.07 mg/L） in the Haldi River mouth which is sliding the productivity （less than 1 mg/L） and also affects water quality.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB955703)the South China Sea-Deep Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91028005 & 91428308)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41276125 & 31470539)the "National Thousand Talents Program" at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji Universitythe Expenses for Chinese University Basic Researchinterdisciplinary Programs (Grant No. 1350219165)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IUEQN201307)
文摘Archaea play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Archaeal lipids, such as isoprenoid glycerol diakyl glycerol tetraethers(i GDGTs), are important biomarkers tracing change in archaeal community structure and biogeochemical processes in the natural environments. In this research, the spatial distributions of archaeal lipids in the surface sediments of the Jiulong River(JR) and the Jiulong River estuary(JRE) were examined. GDGT-0(containing zero cyclopentyl ring) and crenarchaeol were the most abundant i GDGTs in the JR and JRE. From the rivers to the estuary, the total i GDGTs, GDGT-0, crenarchaeol and archaeol concentrations showed significant spatial variation; in particular, GDGT-0 and archaeol in the river may be predominantly derived in situ from methanogens, whereas crenarchaeol in the estuary mainly derived in situ from Thaumarchaeota. We inferred that archaeal community was dominated by methanogens in the Jiulong River and by Thaumarchaeota in the Jiulong River estuary, which are consistent with change in archaeal community structure observed in other estuarine environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40701164, 40971259)the National Key Water Special Project of China (2009ZX07317-006)the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist (10XD1401600)
文摘Tidally induced resuspension processes play an important role in the release of mercury (Hg) into the water column, which increases the risk of Hg exposure to estuarine eco-systems. In order to further understand the geochemical activities of Hg in the intertidal area, the temporal variations of dissolved Hg (Hg D ) and particulate Hg (Hg P ) in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle and its geochemical processes were studied in the southern intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary, China. The concentrations of Hg D and Hg P varied between 37-612 ng/L and 51-638 ng/L respectively during the tidal cycle. The increase of Hg D was distinguished at the early flood tide and late ebb tide when the water flow rates were higher. The Hg D concentrations were negatively correlated with Hg P (r = 0.523, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (r = 0.605, p < 0.05) in the bottom water, indicating that the Hg D released from the sediments into the overlying water was associated with the simultaneously released colloidal material in the bottom water. The main pathways for the translocation of Hg from the sediments to the overlying water include the processes of desorption from resuspended particles, advection or diffusion from sediments, and the oxidation of resuspended sulfide. The results of principal components analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the combined effects of the total suspended substrate (TSS), DOC, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) influenced the geochemical activities of Hg in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle.
