河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同...河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同位素特征的组分通量。实验结果表明,因为考虑了同位素及CO2在取样和分析过程中的不确定性,与传统的Ordinary Least Square法相比,Bayesian法所获得的生态系统夜间呼吸释放CO2的同位素值(δ13CR)显著减小了标准误差。δ13CR具有明显的季节变化,并且受土壤含水量和大气水汽压亏缺(VPD)的影响。δ13CR与土壤含水量之间存在着正相关关系,而与VPD之间存在着负相关关系。2006年和2007年生长季,以及2005年旱季,土壤呼吸对夜晚河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的贡献约为80%。2005年雨季,土壤呼吸只占河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的40%左右。年际间土壤呼吸的贡献率的变化很有可能是2006年的水淹造成的。因为,通过沉降作用,水淹可以为C4草地生态系统提供额外的可供微生物分解的有机质。展开更多
Acid sulfate soils (ASS) contain considerable amounts of reduced sulfur compounds (mainly pyrite) which produce sulfuric acid upon their oxidation. ASS-derived environmental degradation widely occurs in the coastal lo...Acid sulfate soils (ASS) contain considerable amounts of reduced sulfur compounds (mainly pyrite) which produce sulfuric acid upon their oxidation. ASS-derived environmental degradation widely occurs in the coastal lowlands around the world, especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. The presence of ASS in the South China has been recognized but their distribution may be largely underestimated because the soil survey data concerning ASS are based on unreliable methods and techniques. ASS in the South China have been traditionally used for rice cultivation and this practice has been proved sustainable if appropriate improvement measures are adopted. Recently, the rapid economic growth in the region has resulted in intensified coastal development which frequently involves activities that may disturb ASS. Construction of roads, foundations and aquaculture ponds may cause the exposure of ASS to air and bring about severe environmental acidification. There is currently insufficient awareness of the problems among the researchers, policy-makers and land managers in the South China. More atteation must be paid to the possible ASSderived environmental degradation in order to ensure a sustainable development of the coastal lowlands in the South China region.展开更多
Decades of commercial planting and other anthropogenic processes are posing a threat to the riparian landscapes of the Cauvery river basin, which supports a high floral diversity. Despite this, the habitats in the ups...Decades of commercial planting and other anthropogenic processes are posing a threat to the riparian landscapes of the Cauvery river basin, which supports a high floral diversity. Despite this, the habitats in the upstream sections of the River Cauvery are still intact, as they are located in sacred groves. To understand the dynamism of riparian forests exposed to anthropogenic pressures, the upstream stretch of Cauvery extending from Kushalanagara to Talacauvery （~102 km） was categorized into two landscapes： agro ecosystem and sacred （i.e. preserved）. The tree species were sampled using belt transects at 5 km intervals and the regeneration status of endemic species assessed using quadrats. A total of 128 species belonging to 47 families, and representing 1,590 individuals, was observed. Amongst them, 65% of unique species were exclusive to sacred landscapes. A rarefaction plot confirmed higher species richness for the sacred compared to the agro ecosystem landscapes, and diversity indices with more evenness in distribution were evident in sacred landscapes. A significant loss of endemic tree species in the agro ecosystem landscapes was found. Overall, this study demonstrates that an intense biotic pressure in terms of plantations and other anthropogenic activities have altered the species composition of the riparian zone in non-sacred areas. A permanent policy implication is required for the conservation of riparian buffers to avoid further ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity.展开更多
文摘河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同位素特征的组分通量。实验结果表明,因为考虑了同位素及CO2在取样和分析过程中的不确定性,与传统的Ordinary Least Square法相比,Bayesian法所获得的生态系统夜间呼吸释放CO2的同位素值(δ13CR)显著减小了标准误差。δ13CR具有明显的季节变化,并且受土壤含水量和大气水汽压亏缺(VPD)的影响。δ13CR与土壤含水量之间存在着正相关关系,而与VPD之间存在着负相关关系。2006年和2007年生长季,以及2005年旱季,土壤呼吸对夜晚河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的贡献约为80%。2005年雨季,土壤呼吸只占河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的40%左右。年际间土壤呼吸的贡献率的变化很有可能是2006年的水淹造成的。因为,通过沉降作用,水淹可以为C4草地生态系统提供额外的可供微生物分解的有机质。
文摘Acid sulfate soils (ASS) contain considerable amounts of reduced sulfur compounds (mainly pyrite) which produce sulfuric acid upon their oxidation. ASS-derived environmental degradation widely occurs in the coastal lowlands around the world, especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. The presence of ASS in the South China has been recognized but their distribution may be largely underestimated because the soil survey data concerning ASS are based on unreliable methods and techniques. ASS in the South China have been traditionally used for rice cultivation and this practice has been proved sustainable if appropriate improvement measures are adopted. Recently, the rapid economic growth in the region has resulted in intensified coastal development which frequently involves activities that may disturb ASS. Construction of roads, foundations and aquaculture ponds may cause the exposure of ASS to air and bring about severe environmental acidification. There is currently insufficient awareness of the problems among the researchers, policy-makers and land managers in the South China. More atteation must be paid to the possible ASSderived environmental degradation in order to ensure a sustainable development of the coastal lowlands in the South China region.
文摘Decades of commercial planting and other anthropogenic processes are posing a threat to the riparian landscapes of the Cauvery river basin, which supports a high floral diversity. Despite this, the habitats in the upstream sections of the River Cauvery are still intact, as they are located in sacred groves. To understand the dynamism of riparian forests exposed to anthropogenic pressures, the upstream stretch of Cauvery extending from Kushalanagara to Talacauvery （~102 km） was categorized into two landscapes： agro ecosystem and sacred （i.e. preserved）. The tree species were sampled using belt transects at 5 km intervals and the regeneration status of endemic species assessed using quadrats. A total of 128 species belonging to 47 families, and representing 1,590 individuals, was observed. Amongst them, 65% of unique species were exclusive to sacred landscapes. A rarefaction plot confirmed higher species richness for the sacred compared to the agro ecosystem landscapes, and diversity indices with more evenness in distribution were evident in sacred landscapes. A significant loss of endemic tree species in the agro ecosystem landscapes was found. Overall, this study demonstrates that an intense biotic pressure in terms of plantations and other anthropogenic activities have altered the species composition of the riparian zone in non-sacred areas. A permanent policy implication is required for the conservation of riparian buffers to avoid further ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity.
