了解未来气候变化如何影响河流冰情特征对于研究冰凌洪水灾害、水电生产以及大坝管理运行等问题至关重要。基于黄河流域气象观测数据以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中8种全球气候模式(GCMs)的日均气温数据,评估了各GCMs在分位...了解未来气候变化如何影响河流冰情特征对于研究冰凌洪水灾害、水电生产以及大坝管理运行等问题至关重要。基于黄河流域气象观测数据以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中8种全球气候模式(GCMs)的日均气温数据,评估了各GCMs在分位数增量映射(QDM)偏差校正前后对于黄河流域凌汛期日平均气温的模拟能力,预估了黄河流域未来凌汛期气温变化趋势。建立了最大冰厚以及封冻历时预测模型,并预估了黄河防凌重点区域黄河宁蒙段未来最大冰厚以及封冻历时的变化趋势。研究表明,在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5三种气候情景下预计2015—2100年期间黄河流域凌汛期平均气温升温速率分别为0.014、0.031和0.067℃a,黄河巴彦高勒断面21世纪内最大冰厚值将会分别下降8.5、19.5和39.5 cm。SSP2-4.5情景下,随着未来气温升高,2070年之后河道断面仅存一定宽度岸冰、河道中央存在较大清沟的现象将会频繁出现。未来黄河宁蒙段巴彦高勒、三湖河口以及头道拐断面的封冻历时将会呈现出不同程度的缩短趋势,其中巴彦高勒断面缩短趋势最为明显,三种气候情景下封冻历时分别以0.13、0.28和0.66 d a的速率缩短,三湖河口及头道拐断面封冻历时缩短速率较为接近,分别为0.07、0.15、0.36以及0.08、0.17、0.39 d a。展开更多
Glacier runoff in mountain areas of the Shiyang River Basin(SRB), Qilian Mountain, western China is important for the river and water supply downstream. Small glaciers with area of less than 1km2 are dominant(87%) in ...Glacier runoff in mountain areas of the Shiyang River Basin(SRB), Qilian Mountain, western China is important for the river and water supply downstream. Small glaciers with area of less than 1km2 are dominant(87%) in the SRB. A modified monthly degree-day model was applied to quantify the glacier mass balance, area, and changes in glacier runoff in the SRB during 1961–2050. The comparison between the simulated and observed snow line altitude, annual glacier runoff, and mass balance from1961 to 2008 suggests that the degree-day model may be used to analyze the long-term change of glacier mass balance and runoff in the SRB. The glacier accumulation shows a significant(p<0.01) decreasing trend of-0.830 mm a-1. The mass balance also shows a significant(p<0.01) decreasing trend of-5.521 mm a-1. The glacier total runoff has significantly(p<0.05)increased by 0.079 × 105 m3 from 1961 to 2008. The monthly precipitation and air temperature are projected to significant(p<0.005) increase during2015 to 2050 under three different scenarios. The ablation is projected to significant(p<0.001) increase,while the accumulation has no significant(p=0.05)trend. The mass balance is projected to decrease, theglacier area is projected to decrease, and the glacier runoff depth is projected to increase. However, the glacier total runoff is projected to decrease. These results indicate that the glacier total runoff over glacier areas observed in 1970 reached its peak in the 2000 s. This will exacerbate the contradiction between water supply and downstream water demands in the SRB.展开更多
文摘了解未来气候变化如何影响河流冰情特征对于研究冰凌洪水灾害、水电生产以及大坝管理运行等问题至关重要。基于黄河流域气象观测数据以及第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中8种全球气候模式(GCMs)的日均气温数据,评估了各GCMs在分位数增量映射(QDM)偏差校正前后对于黄河流域凌汛期日平均气温的模拟能力,预估了黄河流域未来凌汛期气温变化趋势。建立了最大冰厚以及封冻历时预测模型,并预估了黄河防凌重点区域黄河宁蒙段未来最大冰厚以及封冻历时的变化趋势。研究表明,在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5三种气候情景下预计2015—2100年期间黄河流域凌汛期平均气温升温速率分别为0.014、0.031和0.067℃a,黄河巴彦高勒断面21世纪内最大冰厚值将会分别下降8.5、19.5和39.5 cm。SSP2-4.5情景下,随着未来气温升高,2070年之后河道断面仅存一定宽度岸冰、河道中央存在较大清沟的现象将会频繁出现。未来黄河宁蒙段巴彦高勒、三湖河口以及头道拐断面的封冻历时将会呈现出不同程度的缩短趋势,其中巴彦高勒断面缩短趋势最为明显,三种气候情景下封冻历时分别以0.13、0.28和0.66 d a的速率缩短,三湖河口及头道拐断面封冻历时缩短速率较为接近,分别为0.07、0.15、0.36以及0.08、0.17、0.39 d a。
基金supported by the Global Change Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CBA01806)the China National Natural Science Foundation (Grants Nos. 41130641, 41130638, and 41271090)Shanxi key science and technology innovation team (2014KCT-27)
文摘Glacier runoff in mountain areas of the Shiyang River Basin(SRB), Qilian Mountain, western China is important for the river and water supply downstream. Small glaciers with area of less than 1km2 are dominant(87%) in the SRB. A modified monthly degree-day model was applied to quantify the glacier mass balance, area, and changes in glacier runoff in the SRB during 1961–2050. The comparison between the simulated and observed snow line altitude, annual glacier runoff, and mass balance from1961 to 2008 suggests that the degree-day model may be used to analyze the long-term change of glacier mass balance and runoff in the SRB. The glacier accumulation shows a significant(p<0.01) decreasing trend of-0.830 mm a-1. The mass balance also shows a significant(p<0.01) decreasing trend of-5.521 mm a-1. The glacier total runoff has significantly(p<0.05)increased by 0.079 × 105 m3 from 1961 to 2008. The monthly precipitation and air temperature are projected to significant(p<0.005) increase during2015 to 2050 under three different scenarios. The ablation is projected to significant(p<0.001) increase,while the accumulation has no significant(p=0.05)trend. The mass balance is projected to decrease, theglacier area is projected to decrease, and the glacier runoff depth is projected to increase. However, the glacier total runoff is projected to decrease. These results indicate that the glacier total runoff over glacier areas observed in 1970 reached its peak in the 2000 s. This will exacerbate the contradiction between water supply and downstream water demands in the SRB.
