三维建模技术在河流自然资源确权登记中的应用

2020年起各地相继开展河流自然资源确权,二维确权向三维确权过渡,实现自然资源立体化管理。以彭河自然资源确权为例,探索了多源三维建模技术在河流自然资源确权登记中的应用。结果表明,以地理信息系统为承载,以倾斜摄影、机载激光扫描、单波束测量等技术构建的水上、水下三维地理场景为底图,结合登记单元、权属界限等矢量数据构建的河流自然资源三维立体一张图,在确权登记工作中具有良好应用。

河流自然资源登记单元划分探讨

河流登记单元划分是开展河流自然资源确权登记工作的前提,河流涉及行政区划多,流经地形地貌多样,河道管理情况复杂,登记单元划分受到河流季节性、行政区划、部门利益等因素影响,划分标准难以统一。通过分析山西省级主要河流确权登记工作实践,以水生态空间完整为指导,区分有无堤防,堤防是否满足治导线规划要求,对河流登记单元划分标准进行细化。建议湿地公园自然保护地、水库等与河流一体开展自然资源地籍调查工作。从技术操作层面,为河流登记单元划分标准化和规范化提供参考。

河流自然资源登记单元划分探讨

河流自然资源登记单元划分是河流自然资源确权登记工作的基础。河流流经地形地貌多样,还涉及较多的行政区划,登记单元划分会受到部门利益、河流季节性以及行政区划等方面的因素的影响,难以统一划分标准。应积极探索科学完善的河流自然资源登记单元划分标准,保障河流自然资源登记单元划分的规范化与标准化。基于此,分析了河流自然资源登记单元划分的难点与划分的原则,并就河流自然资源登记单元划分的方式进行探究。

Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

An Ecologically Oriented Operation Strategy for a Multi-Reservoir System： A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Han River Basin, China

Constructing and operating a multi-reservoir system changes the natural flow regime of rivers, and thus imposes adverse impacts on riverine ecosystems. To balance human needs with ecosystem needs, this study proposes an ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that integrates environmental flow requirements into the joint operation of a multi-reservoir system in order to main- tain different ecological functions throughout the river. This strategy is a combination of a regular opti-mal operation scheme and a series of real-time ecological operation schemes. During time periods when the incompatibilities between human water needs and ecosystem needs for environmental flows are rel- atively small, the regular optimal operation scheme is implemented in order to maximize multiple human water-use benefits under the constraints of a minimum water-release policy. During time periods when reservoir-induced hydrological alteration imposes significant negative impacts on the river＇s key ecological functions, real-time ecological operation schemes are implemented in order to modify the out- flow from reservoirs to meet the environmental flow requirements of these functions. The practical use of this strategy is demonstrated for the simulation operation of a large-scale multi-reservoir system which located in the middle and lower Han River Basin in China. The results indicate that the real-time ecological operation schemes ensure the environmental flow requirements of the river＇s key ecological functions, and that adverse impacts on human water-use benefits can be compensated for by the regular optimal operation scheme. The ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that is proposed in this study enriches the theoretical application of the multi-reservoir system joint operation which considers environmental flow requirements.

Construction of a Comprehensive Observation Network for Natural-Resource Elements in Heihe River Basin,NW China

The construction of a comprehensive observation platform for natural-resource elements would provide data support for studies of dynamic changes in various natural resources,and could serve the needs of natural-resource management and the construction of ecological civilization during a period of global change.As the second-largest inland river basin in NW China,the Heihe River Basin(HRB)lies in the central part of the Silk Road Economic Belt,consequently,pilot studies of resource management in the basin are urgently needed.This paper describes the construction of a comprehensive natural-resource elements observation network in the HRB to meet requirements for natural-resource management,based on natural-resource and Earth-system science.Based on current observations and research,thirteen observation stations were established in different river basins through integration with existing stations,reconstruction and upgrading,and new construction.The main types of land-surface resources in the HRB(grassland,forests,rivers,lakes,deserts,wetlands,and farmland)were included in the observation network constructed for the monitoring of natural-resource elements.Long-term,continuous,and stable observation can yield key data concerning coupling processes,trends of change,and rates of change in natural resources.This is of great significance in improving cognitive ability,scientific management,and strategic decision-making regarding natural resources in the HRB,and can provide a reference paradigm for the observation of and research into natural resources in other basins.