吐蕃河西北道节度使考——兼论吐蕃王国对河西北部地区的经略

吐蕃统治河陇西域时期,在河西走廊以北地区设立河西北道节度使,又称东北道元帅,下设北同城使等职官。北同城即唐代的同城,位于今内蒙古自治区额济纳旗地区。吐蕃河西北道节度使负责进攻唐朝灵朔地区以及漠北回鹘汗国,并防御回鹘军队向河西走廊地区发动袭击。吐蕃王朝灭亡后在河西走廊以北以及代北、幽燕、阴山等地区仍然有吐蕃部族活动,最后这些部族都融合到当地其他民族之中。

元代河西陇北道肃政廉访司分司的设置与运作——以黑水城文献为中心

黑水城文献显示,元代河西陇北道肃政廉访司分司的设置前后有所变化,前期可能设有"甘、肃、永昌等处分司",该分司监临区涵盖了甘州、肃州、永昌、亦集乃路等甘肃行省南部和北部地区,后期亦集乃等路单独设置分司。河西陇北道肃政廉访司分司录囚活动的实施,可分为:分司按临到路,向该路总管府下达有关录囚通知,并提出具体要求;路总管府按分司要求,逐一核对犯人犯罪信息;路总管府撰写牒文,将本路对犯人的处理意见等呈报分司;分司根据牒文,对犯人审理情况重新核实,对相关案件进行处理等多项步骤。河西陇北道肃政廉访司对于亦集乃路总管府的监察,通过双重途径实现:其一,在分司出巡情况下,通过"廉访司→分司→路总管府→分司→廉访司"的途径;其二,在分司缺驻情况下,通过"路总管府→廉访司"的途径。

A Major Landslide Involving an Inverted Paleochannel in Sierra County, New Mexico

A landslide that probably dates to the end of the Pleistocene has been found in Sierra County. The feature consists of three sub-parallel segments, covering an area about 8 km wide and 10 km long. The head of the slide deposits consists of a northeast-trending paleochannel forming an inverted topography. The paleochannel deposits contain many boulders with sizes up to 1.5 meter diameter, indicating flow rate as high as 100 m3/s. The paleochannel ridge is mostly underlain by the hidden lateral contact of the Cretaceous Crevasse Canyon Formation and by the Tertiary Love Ranch and is sharply defined by Yoast Draw valley that cuts a water gap through the 25 m high inverted ridge. The landslide body consists of Love Ranch Formation overlain by a substantial cover of Quaternary fanglomerate. A series of northwest-trending faults have influenced the landslide. The broad western upslope segment of the slide has been washed away, leaving only trace evidence of a landslide. A low slide plane angle of less than 1% slope suggests a seismic trigger.