吴淞江上海市嘉宝北片区域骨干河道连通方案探讨

吴淞江工程的实施可从根本上改变上海市嘉宝北片现状缺乏骨干排江通道、涝水排不出的被动局面,配合区域骨干河道连通工程建设,沟通水系、打通瓶颈,可实现工程效益最大化。该研究在吴淞江工程总体方案推荐规模的基础上,考虑现有骨干河道两岸实际情况提出了优化连通方案,利用数学模型分别开展流域行洪和区域排涝、水环境改善模拟计算分析。结果表明:骨干河道连通工程实施后,吴淞江苏沪边界满足规划确定的承泄洪水5.6亿m^(3)的水量要求,可基本实现嘉宝北片20年一遇除涝标准,使嘉宝北片区域特别是嘉宝北片西北侧水动力条件和水质状况得到进一步改善。

曲线坐标下连通域河道平面二维水流的数值模拟

在边界拟合曲线坐标系下,运用B型交错网格模式和动边界扫描技术建立了基于连通域的二维水流数学模型,并提出了模型中有关参数的处理方法。采用贴体坐标变换将复杂的物理域变换成规则的计算域,在计算域上采用控制容积法离散方程,应用SIMPLEC算法计算速度-压力耦合。研究结果表明:采用控制容积法和SIMPLEC算法离散求解方程,具有良好的守恒性和稳定性;该模型能够较准确地模拟连通域河段的流场变化、水位变化等过程,可供实际工程应用。

平原区连通河道分洪调度运用研究

针对具有承担分洪调水任务的平原区连通河道，建立分洪调度模型。在满足本级河道防洪安全的前提下，提出定流量、上下游水位相应，以及上下游定水位、流量相应的2种调度方式；考虑可能出现的河道漫堤、冲刷塌岸等风险，以分洪流量、水位、冲刷流速等为控制条件，确定合理的调度参数。以连通德惠新河与马颊河的跃丰河为例进行调度设计，绘制流量-水位调度图，给出调度运用流程，为河道调度管理提供决策依据。

白洋淀入淀河流连通性评价与提升对策

河道连通是优化水资源配置、提高水资源保障能力、改善生态环境、促进水生态文明建设的有效举措。通过构建入淀河道连通评价指标体系,对白洋淀入淀河流连通状况进行综合评价。评价结果表明,瀑河连通评价结果为良,潴龙河、唐河、漕河、萍河4条河连通评价结果为中等,河道连通效果比较差。从河道泥沙疏浚清理、河道内沙坑治理、调整农业种植结构与产业结构、河岸缓冲带建设、白洋淀-大清河生态补水5个方面提出入淀河道连通提升技术。

河道断点打通效果评价研究——以浦东新区骨干河道为例

针对河网中的断点问题,以浦东新区骨干河道为例,构建了一套包含水系形态、结构连通性和水力连通性的评价指标体系,采用AHP-熵综合权重法进行指标赋权,以科学评估断点打通的效果。研究发现,断点打通能提升水面率、河网密度和槽蓄量,增强水系环度和连通度,改善流速和缩短水体交换时间。本研究可为河道整治和水资源管理提供决策支持,助力提升区域水安全和城市韧性。This study focuses on the issue of disconnections within river networks and selects the main river channels of Pudong New Area as an example. It constructs an evaluation index system that includes water system morphology, structural connectivity, and hydraulic connectivity. The AHP-entropy composite weight method is used for index weighting to scientifically evaluate the effects of disconnection resolution. The study finds that resolving disconnections can enhance the water surface rate, river network density, and reservoir capacity. It can strengthen the degree of water system cyclicity and connectivity, and improve flow velocity and reduce the time for water body exchange as well. This research can provide decision support for river channel and water resource management, helping to improve regional water safety and urban resilience.

Tectonically deformed coal types and pore structures in Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines in western Guizhou

To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characteristics and connectivity based on samples from the Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines. Our research shows that the tectonically deformed coal mostly includes cataclastic structural coal, mortar structural coal and schistose structural coal of a brittle deformation series. The major pore structures of different types of tectonically deformed coal are transitional pores and micropores. The pore volumes of macropores and visible fracture pores produced by structural deformations vary over a large range and increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. Mesopores as connecting passages develop well in schistose structural coal. According to the shapes of intrusive mercury curves, tectonically deformed coal can be divided into parallel, open and occluded types. The parallel type has poor connectivity and is relatively closed; the open type reflects uniformly developed open pores with good connectivity while the occluded type is good for coalbed methane enrichment, but has poor connectivity between pores.

太湖出流河道藻颗粒变化及其水质效应

河湖连通是保障城市水体水生态健康的一种常用工程手段,但对于蓝藻水华严重的湖泊,湖泊出流携带的藻团颗粒会对河道水质产生明显的影响.为了分析富营养化湖泊引水对受水河道水质的影响程度,以太湖梅梁湾连通河道梁溪河为例,连续3a开展夏季河道蓝藻颗粒通量及其水质的高频监测,分析河道蓝藻水华颗粒物通量变化规律及其对河道水质的影响强度.结果表明:①梅梁湾藻情的好转及河道入口加压抑藻井运行显著降低了梁溪河的叶绿素a浓度与藻颗粒通量,2019年夏季河道叶绿素a浓度与通量均值分别为54.34μg·L^(-1)和84.7 t·d^(-1),显著低于2017年;②连通河道调水工程对改善受水水体的水质效果显著,除DTP外,梁溪河其余各形态氮、磷浓度2017~2019年整体呈下降趋势,说明调水工程将湖水外排后,对梁溪河水质有一定改善效果;③携带大量蓝藻水华颗粒物的湖水进入河道后,显著增加了河道颗粒态氮、磷等营养盐含量,2017~2019年梁溪河水体中氮、磷均以PN和PP为主,分别占TN和TP的62.5%和70.8%;④梅梁湾水体大量携带的藻颗粒未对连通的京杭大运河等其他河道产生水质影响,2019年8月京杭大运河水体中叶绿素a相较于6月下降了65%,说明蓝藻颗粒物未在运河中积累;⑤在湖泊藻情未能得到有效改观的前提下,调水携带的藻颗粒态会对连通河道局部河段水质和景观产生冲击.