白菜类蔬菜资源的油分分析及其在油菜育种中的应用

对白菜类蔬菜——大白菜、小白菜、紫菜薹和菜心种质资源含油量的分析表明:小白菜平均含油量最高,为40.94%,大白菜39.34%,菜心39.22%,紫菜薹35.33%。其中大白菜和小白菜有着较为丰富的高油分种质资源,通过单株定向选择可选出更高含油量的品系。脂肪酸组分分析表明白菜类蔬菜种子的油酸含量比甘蓝型油菜高约1～8个百分点;大白菜、小白菜和紫菜薹的饱和脂肪酸含量均低于甘蓝型油菜,而所有白菜类蔬菜的棕榈酸都低于甘蓝型油菜。利用这些高油分材料培育出了高含油量的白菜型油蔬两用型油菜——白杂油2号。

溶剂对OCMA-220油分分析仪测定的影响

ＯＣＭＡ－２００型油分浓度分析仪已广泛应用于地面水、工业废水中油的测定。它采用双光源经切光后分别照射到参比室和样品室，得到两束透射光Ｉ参与Ｉ样，再经光电转换成电信号Ｖλ，其大小与Ｉ参、Ｉ样的差值成正比。由于两个光源、光路及光的相位不可能完全对称，故在...

红外分光油分析仪的设计与研究

描述了红外分光油分析仪的基础原理、结构和数学模型 ,着重介绍了红外测油的原理。

FOMA-300型油分浓度分析仪的自校和应用

尝试了采用已知标准油样 ,对FOMA - 30 0型油分浓度分析仪进行自校 ,合格后将仪器应用于质控考核及日常工作中 ,所测结果经统计学处理 ,精密度、准确度等各项分析指标均符合国家分析标准。该仪器准确快速 ,测定方便 ,适用范围广。

水中油分浓度分析仪示值误差测量结果不确定度评定

仪器主要利用溶剂萃取水样中的有机碳氢化合物,采用分光或不分光红外吸收法进行测量。一般用于检测水质中的有机碳氢化合物(油份)的浓度。在国家检定规程JJG950-2000《水中油份浓度分析仪》中,对仪器的计量性能有明确的技术要求。

不同油用牡丹品种园艺性状及油分含量的比较

[目的]筛选出适宜推广种植的油用牡丹品种,为发展油用牡丹产业提供理论依据。[方法]在洛阳农林科学院牡丹园,采用完全随机试验设计,以凤丹为对照,对10种油用牡丹的园艺性状和油分含量进行了研究。[结果]品种玉盘珍、紫斑白、白菊和香玉的园艺性状表现较好,其有较高的成花率、结实率和百粒重;从油质分析上来看,不同品种的油分含量各不相同,尤其是3种主要不饱和脂肪酸含量,在5%显著水平和1%极显著水平上都存在差异。[结论]品种玉盘珍、紫斑白、白菊和香玉在此次试验中表现较好;不同品种间3种不饱和脂肪酸含量存在显著差异。

适宜油用牡丹栽培品种筛选

通过对10种油用牡丹的结实性园艺性状和油分含量进行了研究,以便筛选出适宜油用牡丹栽培的品种。结果表明:品种玉盘珍和玉秀结实性园艺性状表现较好,其有较高的成花率、结实率和百粒重;从油质分析上来看,不同品种的油份含量各不相同,尤其是三种主要不饱和脂肪酸含量,在5%显著水平和1%极显著水平上都存在差异。

翅片表面油脂残留量的测定方法

针对板式换热器翅片等表面不易擦洗的零件,介绍了一种简单可行的油脂残留量测定方法,为类似零件表面油脂残留量的测定提供参考。

检定水中油分浓度分析仪示值误差项目时的注意事项及其不确定度评定

JJG950-2012《水中油份浓度分析仪检定规程》主要适用于红外光度法原理的水中油分浓度分析仪（以下简称＂仪器＂）的检定、校准与检测工作。现今,国内外生产和使用的仪器基本都是基于朗伯-比尔定律开发研制的,各类仪器的测量过程也基本相同。一、仪器示值误差的测定及注意事项1.示值误差判定标准无论是A类还是B类仪器,当测量范围〉10mg/L时,示值误差不得超过±8%。

Thermal oxidation of two aviation synthetic lubricant base oils

The thermal degradation of two synthetic lubricants base oils, poly-a-olefins （PAO） and di-esters （DE）, was investigated under oxidative pyrolysis condition and their properties were characterized in simulated ＂areo-engine＂ by comparing the thermal stability and identifying the products of thermal decomposition as a function of exposure temperature. The characterization of the products were performed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR）, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and viscosity experiments. The results show that PAO has the lower thermal stability, being degraded at 200℃ different from 300 ℃ for DE. Several by-products are identified during the thermal degradation of two lubricant base oils. The majority of PAO products consist of alkenes and olefins, while more oxygen-contained organic compounds are detected in DE samples based on GC/MS analysis. The related reaction mechanisms are discussed based on the experimental results.

Chemical component analysis of volatile oil in drug pair Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi by GC-MS and CRM

Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.

Corresponding Factors Influencing Crude Oils Assay Using Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

In this study, the main factors influencing the measurements by means of the off-line low-field 1H NMR in the lab were discussed base on a robust calibration model established by the PLS algorithm using 255 crude oil samples. The preheating temperature had a great influence on the viscosity of oil samples and the resolution of spectral analysis. The repeatability of spectral measurements was impacted by the metal and wax content of the oil samples. For the case of high wax content oils, the wax species began to crystallize in the course of determination that could affect the repeatability of spectral measurements. These factors have evidenced why the preheating devices and filter unit are necessary when low field NMR system is used in the online analysis process. The investigation is very important for the on-line application of the low field NMR.

Component Analysis of Volatile Oil of Garlic from Different Districts and Assay of Allicin Content

[ Objective] The aim was to study the chemical component of volatile oil of garlic in different districts. [ Method] GC-MS was used to an- alyze the composition of the garlic volatile oil in Guiyang, Guizhou Majiang, Shandong, Yunnan and Chongqing and the HPLC method was used to assay the content of gadicin. [ Result]Gadicin in different essential oil had the highest content but varied a lot. The sampling amount of garlicin be- tween 0.562 and 2.810 μg was in a good linear relation （R =0.999 2, n = 5 ） with peak area, the average recovery rate was 99.39, RSD = 1.76%. [ Conclusion] GC-MS can be used to analysis the composition of essential oil quickly and effectively. The liquid chromatographic analysis of garlicin was simple, reliable and reproducible. The study provided the theoretical basis for selecting garlic in gadic flavor oil production and improving quality of gadicin oil.

Abundance quantification by independent component analysis of hyperspectral imagery for oil spill coverage calculation

The estimation of oil spill coverage is an important part of monitoring of oil spills at sea.The spatial resolution of images collected by airborne hyper-spectral remote sensing limits both the detection of oil spills and the accuracy of estimates of their size.We consider at-sea oil spills with zonal distribution in this paper and improve the traditional independent component analysis algorithm.For each independent component we added two constraint conditions:non-negativity and constant sum.We use priority weighting by higher-order statistics,and then the spectral angle match method to overcome the order nondeterminacy.By these steps,endmembers can be extracted and abundance quantified simultaneously.To examine the coverage of a real oil spill and correct our estimate,a simulation experiment and a real experiment were designed using the algorithm described above.The result indicated that,for the simulation data,the abundance estimation error is 2.52% and minimum root mean square error of the reconstructed image is 0.030 6.We estimated the oil spill rate and area based on eight hyper-spectral remote sensing images collected by an airborne survey of Shandong Changdao in 2011.The total oil spill area was 0.224 km^2,and the oil spill rate was 22.89%.The method we demonstrate in this paper can be used for the automatic monitoring of oil spill coverage rates.It also allows the accurate estimation of the oil spill area.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Linoleic Acid in Polygonati Rhizoma

Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).

Study on the basic nitrogen compounds from coal-derived oil

The distillation range analysis and elemental analysis of fractioned direct liquefied oil were conducted. Each fraction of liquefied oil contains some nitrogen compounds. Using the acid extraction method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, the basic nitrogen compounds have been separated and identified. Compared with the nitrogen content of the liquefied oil before and after separation, the basic nitrogen compounds account for more than half of all nitrogen compounds. The basic nitrogen compounds in the light liquefied oil are easily separated, and contain more types of basic nitrogen compounds. The results also show that there are many basic nitrogen compounds in liquefied oil, such as pyrrole, aniline, pyridine, quinoline and so on. However, there are fewer other types of basic nitrogen compounds.

Evolutionary Computation for Realizing Distillation Separation Sequence Optimization Synthesis

Evolutionary algorithm is applied for distillation separation sequence optimization synthesis problems with combination explosion. The binary tree data structure is used to describe the distillation separation sequence, and it is directly applied as the coding method. Genetic operators, which ensure to prohibit illegal filial generations completely, are designed by using the method of graph theory. The crossover operator based on a single parent or two parents is designed successfully. The example shows that the average ratio of search space from evolutionary algorithm with two-parent genetic operation is lower, whereas the rate of successful minimizations from evolutionary algorithm with single parent genetic operation is higher.

Screening of Oilseed and Vegetable Dual-purpose Rapeseed Combinations Based on Grey Relation Analysis and Cluster Analysis

To screen out the rapeseed(Brassica napus) combinations that are suitable for the production of both oilseed and vegetable, we carried out a field experiment for 11 new combinations(hybrids) of rapeseed and then performed grey relation analysis and cluster analysis on 12 traits including the yield and quality of young stem,seed yield, and several agronomic traits after harvesting of young stem. The results showed that A11, A7, and A4 had higher main stalk yield than other combinations.The young stem/leaf ratios of A11, A5, A7, A4, A3, and A1 were in line with the quality requirements for young stem commodity. The soluble sugar content of A2,A8, and A10 was higher than that of CK(Fengyou 737), and the seed yields of A4,A3, A2, A1, A5, and A6 were higher than that of CK. The 11 rapeseed combinations were classified into 3 grades by grey relation analysis and cluster analysis. Two combinations, A4(Y20A×95C4R) and A11(3194A×09-5R), showed the weighted relation degrees higher than 0.95, which were clustered into grade I by cluster analysis. They had good agronomic traits and good performance as both oilseed and vegetable. A8, A5, A3, A7, A2, A10, A6, and A1 were clustered into grade Ⅱ and A9 into grade Ⅲ. In this study, the oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed combinations were screened out based on grey relation analysis and cluster analysis,which can provide reference for the breeding of oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed combinations.

Characterization of Rapeseed Oil Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance （FTIR-ATR） spectroscopy was employed to characterize rapeseed oils. The spectral features of rapeseed oils were first investigated. Spectral data was processed using principal component analysis （PCA） and linear discriminant analysis （LDA） to discriminate the oils from three cultivars of rapeseeds. As a result, 100% discrimination accuracy was obtained by LDA. Furthermore, the applicability of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to characterize the changes of rapeseed oils caused by thermal treatment was studied. The rapeseed oil at 60 ℃ was regularly subjected to spectral measurement, and the spectral changes induced by thermal treatment were analyzed and discussed. This study had demonstrated the good performance of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy in characterizing rapeseed oils.

Pyrolytic Degradation of Olive Waste Residue （OWR） by TGA： Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetic Study

Olive oil is an important food industry product in Mediterranean countries. Large quantities of OWR （olive waste residue） are generated during a two- or three-phase separation process. This represents a major pollution problem for the industry and oil farms. The OWR is a source of substances of high value and can be used as a low-cost renewable energy. This work studied the behaviour of OWRs during the thermal decomposition process. The experiments of the slow pyrolysis process of three different waste olive products as olive pomace, olive tree pruning and olive kernels were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates, using a thermogravimetric balance. The samples were heated to a maximum temperature of 1,023 K, with four different heating rates of 2, 5, 10, 15 K/min. A comparison of different isoconversional （Flynn-Wall-Ozawa）, not-isoconversional （Kissinger） model-free and model-fitting （Freeman-Carroll） methods to calculate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor is presented. In the Kissinger method the kinetic parameters were invariant for the whole pyrolysis process. While, in the case of Freeman-Carroll, it differs with change of the heating rate. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa technique revealed the ＂not one-step＂ mechanism of reaction that occurs during the slow pyrolysis process. The kinetic data obtained in nitrogen atmosphere may provide more useful information for engineers for a better and complete description of the pyrolysis process and can be helpful to predict the kinetic model.