油气分离元件的试验研究

为了开发高性价比的油气分离元件,设计一种具有折叠式过滤层结构的深度型油气分离元件,并对其性能进行试验研究。结果表明,进入油气分离元件的气体含油率、流速及过滤材料的选取及组合是影响其性能和寿命的关键因素。试验结果对于油气分离元件的设计具有重要的指导意义。

油分离与回油技术对满液式和降膜式冷水(热泵)机组性能的影响

首先就回油技术对满液式和降膜式冷水(热泵)机组性能的影响进行简要分析,然后对油分离技术对机组性能的影响进行详细论述,并从理论和实践的角度分析制冷剂的含油量对换热性能的影响。最后得出结论:对于满液式机组和降膜式机组而言,利用油分离技术比单纯的回油技术更容易实现提高机组运行效率和稳定性的目标。

商用水冷螺杆机组内置油分离器性能研究

针对商用水冷螺杆机组的内置油分离器,采用Fluent软件对冷媒两相流场进行了数值模拟。先用RNG k-!模型计算连续相的气态冷媒,得到油分离器内流场参数分布特征,再加入离散相的液态油滴进行计算。最终依据仿真数据,计算获得油分离器的分离效率,并分析影响油分离器分离效率的因素,为油分离器的优化设计提供理论依据。

Dynamic simulation and efficiency analysis of beam pumping system

An improved whole model of beam pumping system was built. In the detail, for surface transmission system(STS), a new mathematical model was established considering the influence of some factors on the STS's torsional vibration, such as the time variation characteristic of equivalent stiffness of belt and equivalent rotational inertia of crank. For the sucker rod string(SRS), an improved mathematical model was built considering the influence of some parameters on the SRS's longitudinal vibration, such as the nonlinear friction of plunger, hydraulic loss of pump and clearance leakage. The dynamic response and system efficiency of whole system were analyzed. The results show that there is a jumping phenomenon in the amplitude frequency curve, and the system efficiency is sensitive to motor power, pump diameter, stroke number, ratio of gas and oil, and submergence depth. The simulation results have important significance for improving the efficiency of beam pumping system.

Strategy for Controlling the Level in a Dissolved Air Flotation Chamber

The aim of the present study was to implant an efficient strategy for controlling the level of the effluent-oily foam interface in a DAF （dissolved air flotation） chamber of a pilot-scale prototype. DAF has been successfully used in the treatment of oily water, which is one of the main environmental problems in different industrial facilities. Along with important operational parameters, such as microbubble size and flow rate, the control strategy for the automation of a DAF chamber may be an important tool for increasing efficiency. Controlling the level was the strategy chosen to enhance the separation efficiency in a pilot-scale DAF prototype, with monitoring performed using a computational program in LabVIEW （laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench）. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to maintain the level of the fluid at a reference value established by the operator using the software program through the application of classic proportional integral derivative controllers. Using this control tool, the efficiency of water-oil separation in the pilot flotation chamber prototype was increased to nearly 98%.

Droplets Turbulence Effect of Gas-Water Separator with Corrugated Plates

Droplet turbulence effect on gas-water separator with corrugated plates is explored using the Eulerian-Lagrangian two-way coupled multiphase approach of FLUENT. It is concluded that the inertial force is dominant in separating large droplets, while droplet turbulence dispersion plays a decisive role in separating fine droplets. Good agreement exists between calculations and air-water experiments. The numerical method developed provides a rea-sonable description of the droplet trajectories and separating efficiency, and it can be applied to predicting the performance of gas-water separator with corrugated plates.

Analyses of the Sequence and Structure of the BnNIP7;1 Gene in Brassica napus

Rapeseed,the largest oil crop in China,is a boron-loving plant.Boron has an important influence on the growth and development of rapeseed.In this study,four different boron-efficient Brassica napus varieties were used as the material to analyze the structure and sequence of BnNIP7;1 gene,aiming to provide a basis for studying the role of BnNIP7;1 in the absorption and transport of boric acid in rapeseed.The results showed that BnNIP7;1 exists in multiple copies of the Brassica napus genome,consisting of five exons and four introns.There are base insertions,base deletions and more base substitutions in introns.However,there is no base insertion or base deletion in the exon,only a small number of base substitution mutations are present,bringing about three amino acid changes in the encoded protein of BnNIP7;1-ZS9b in Zhongshuang 9.The BnNIP7;1-HY7b of Huayou 7 has an ochre mutation that will lead to a protein of only 47 amino acids,thus losing its function.Bioinformatics indicates that BnNIP7;1 protein is a membrane protein with six transmembrane regions,indicating that it is involved in the absorption and transport of boric acid.

Methods of Testing Seed and Seedling Physiological Traits for the Improvement of Rapeseed Yield Stability

The presented work is based on laboratory testing of seed germination speed, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water revel, extreme high and low temperatures. It allows one to eliminate the plant materials （initial breeding materials and cultivars） which do not tolerate extreme temperatures and temperature changes during germination, have low water use efficiency and is intolerant to abiotic stressors all right at the seed level. It was confirmed that these genotypes also have poor t^eld emergence and initial root growth implications for further vegetation periods, mainly for over wintering and spring regeneration which has significant influence on the yield. The method also represents the tool for screening genetic resources with the resistance to the abiotic stressors and this technology process is also acceptable for other crops. The results confirm the importance of the seed and root characteristics for crop production. The deteriorating quality of soil in recent years, increasing variability of weather and long periods of drought directly support the need to intensify activities in this research. Obtained results also show the influence of seed quality characteristics on roots and above ground parts of the plant. A relationship exists also vice versa.

Separation of Oil Phase from Dilute Oil/Water Emulsion in Confined Space Apparatus

A miniature process for separating the oil phase from dilute oil/water emulsion is developed.This process applies a confined space apparatus,which is a thin flow channel made of two parallel plastic plates.The space between the two plates is rather narrow to improve the collisions between oil droplets and the plate surface.Oil droplets have an affinity for the plate surface and thus are captured,and then coalesce onto the surface.The droplet size distribution of the residual emulsion resulted from the separation process is remarkably changed.The oil layer on the plate weakens the further separation of oil droplets from the emulsion.Three types of plate materials,polypropylene(PP),polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and nylon 66,were used.It is found that PP is the best in terms of the oil separation efficiency and nylon 66 is the poorest.The interaction between droplets in the emulsion and plate surface is indicated by the spreading coefficient of oil droplet on the plate in aqueous environment,and the influences of formed oil layer and plate material on the separation efficiency are discussed.

Testing of separating catalyst from resid fluid catalytic cracking slurry by 10 mm hydrocyclones

The paper focuses on removing catalyst solids from oil slurry using 10 mm hydrocyclones, and aims to test the feasibility of the solution. An industrial sidetrack tester of residual oil separation by hydrocyclones was set up in 1.8 Mt/a resid fluid catalytic cracking （RFCC） unit, the effect of pressure drop, separation efficiency and inlet flowrate were studied. It was observed that an increase in feed flowrate will decrease the pressure drop ratio, and with an increase in feed flowrate, separation efficiency increases gradually. Under the condition that feed fiowrate was ranging from 250L/h to 270L/h, the separation efficiency was 45.77%-82.80%, the recovery rate of catalyst solid panicles was increased from 10 20% of electrostatic catalyst separator to 50 80%. Thus, it is feasible to separate the slurry by using the miniature hydrocyclones in RFCC unit.

Nutrient Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape in an Intensive Cropping System： A Regional Analysis

Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape in an intensive cropping system, this study used data from 619 site-year on-farm experiments carried out in the winter oilseed rape planting area of the Yangtze River Basin, China from 2005 to 2010, with large yield in the range of 179–4 470 kg ha^(-1). Currently recommended application rates of N, P and K fertilizers increased rapeseed yield at different levels of soil indigenous nutrient supply(INS) in this region. Boundary values of plant nutrient uptake were established to analyze the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape(internal nutrient efficiency), i.e., 128 kg N ha^(-1), 24 kg P ha^(-1), and 122 kg K ha^(-1). The internal nutrient efficiency declined by 48.2%–64.1% when nutrient uptake exceeded the boundary value, resulting in excessive nutrient uptake(i.e., low yield response with high nutrient uptake), especially for K. In the intensive cropping system, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 5.9, 3.4, and3.6 kg kg^(-1), and recovery efficiencies of N, P, and K were 35.6%, 24.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. These findings showed that the fertilization rate should be optimized by considering INS, nutrient status, and nutrient efficiency of winter oilseed rape. In this study,considering the lower yield improvement to high K uptake levels and low K fertilizer efficiency, application rate of K fertilizer should be reduced since soil K deficiency has already been mitigated.