Taking into account the actual crude slate processed at the refinery, it is necessary to make reasonable combination and blending of crude oils. In order to cope with high wax content in diesel fuel it is proposed to ...Taking into account the actual crude slate processed at the refinery, it is necessary to make reasonable combination and blending of crude oils. In order to cope with high wax content in diesel fuel it is proposed to appropriately regulate the refining process scheme and add additives to refined products. This measure after being applied in the production practice has brought about good results and has met the needs of commercial production.展开更多
The microstructure and properties of the coke samples collected from 4 different wall regions of the cyclone in the reactor of a residue fluid catalytic cracking unit(RFCCU) were analyzed by using the scanning-electro...The microstructure and properties of the coke samples collected from 4 different wall regions of the cyclone in the reactor of a residue fluid catalytic cracking unit(RFCCU) were analyzed by using the scanning-electron microscope(SEM), and the possible coke formation processes were investigated as well. The results showed that some of the heavy nonvolatile oil droplets entrained in the flowing oil and gas mixture could possibly deposit or collide on the walls by gravity settling or turbulence diffusion, and then were gradually carbonized into solid coke by condensing and polymerization along with dehydrogenation. Meanwhile some of fine catalyst particles also built up and integrated into the solid coke. The coke can be classified into two types, namely, the hard coke and the soft coke, according to its property, composition and microstructure. The soft coke is formed in the oil and gas mixture's stagnant region where the oil droplets and catalyst particles are freely settled on the wall. The soft coke appears to be loose and contains lots of large catalyst particles. However, the hard coke is formed in the oil and gas mixture's flowing region where the oil droplets and catalyst particles diffuse towards the wall. This kind of coke is nonporous and very hard, which contains a few fine catalyst particles. Therefore, it is clear that the oil and gas mixture not only carries the oil droplets and catalyst particles, but also has the effects on their deposition on the wall, which can influence the composition and characteristics of deposited coke.展开更多
Catalytic activities of NiMo/MCM-41 and the mixture of Ni/MCM-41 with H-MCM-41 in cracking used ULO （lubricant oil） have been studied. This work was started by synthesis of aluminosilicate （MCM-41） at ratio of Si/...Catalytic activities of NiMo/MCM-41 and the mixture of Ni/MCM-41 with H-MCM-41 in cracking used ULO （lubricant oil） have been studied. This work was started by synthesis of aluminosilicate （MCM-41） at ratio of Si/AI = 50, using CTAB （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide） as a template, and TMAOH （tetramethylammonium hydroxide） as co-surfactant, where a hydrothermal process at 100 ℃ was conducted for 12 h. Organic compounds were then burned out from the dry solid material by calcination at 540 ℃. Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 were produced by ion exchange method, followed by reduction and calcination treatments, respectively, while NiMo/MCM-41 was produced by impregnation method followed by calcination. Product of MCM-41 was characterized by XRD （X-ray Diffraction）, Fourier FTIR （transform infra red spectrophotometric）, TEM （transmission electron microscopic） and BET （brunauer-emmet-teller） methods. Performance of the catalytic activities were shown by both of NiMo/MCM-41 and the mixture of 1：1 of H-MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 were mixed with the ULO at ratio of 1：200 （w/v） in a stainless steel reactor, then they were heated at 420 ℃. The products of cracking were analyzed using GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）. Results of the work showed that the MCM-41 was successfully synthesized. Using mixture of Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 catalysts, 56.6% of ULO could be converted to OLP （organic liquid product）. However, using NiMo/MCM-41 catalyst only 28.5% OLP could be produced. GC-MS analyses showed that cracking of the ULO at 420 ~C using NiMo/MCM-41 catalyst gave conversion 4.3% and 8.8% to gasoline like and diesel like fractions, respectively, while using mixture of Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 catalysts, conversion of 12.2% and 14.8% respectively to gasoline like and diesel like fractions were obtained.展开更多
文摘Taking into account the actual crude slate processed at the refinery, it is necessary to make reasonable combination and blending of crude oils. In order to cope with high wax content in diesel fuel it is proposed to appropriately regulate the refining process scheme and add additives to refined products. This measure after being applied in the production practice has brought about good results and has met the needs of commercial production.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21176250, No. 21566038)
文摘The microstructure and properties of the coke samples collected from 4 different wall regions of the cyclone in the reactor of a residue fluid catalytic cracking unit(RFCCU) were analyzed by using the scanning-electron microscope(SEM), and the possible coke formation processes were investigated as well. The results showed that some of the heavy nonvolatile oil droplets entrained in the flowing oil and gas mixture could possibly deposit or collide on the walls by gravity settling or turbulence diffusion, and then were gradually carbonized into solid coke by condensing and polymerization along with dehydrogenation. Meanwhile some of fine catalyst particles also built up and integrated into the solid coke. The coke can be classified into two types, namely, the hard coke and the soft coke, according to its property, composition and microstructure. The soft coke is formed in the oil and gas mixture's stagnant region where the oil droplets and catalyst particles are freely settled on the wall. The soft coke appears to be loose and contains lots of large catalyst particles. However, the hard coke is formed in the oil and gas mixture's flowing region where the oil droplets and catalyst particles diffuse towards the wall. This kind of coke is nonporous and very hard, which contains a few fine catalyst particles. Therefore, it is clear that the oil and gas mixture not only carries the oil droplets and catalyst particles, but also has the effects on their deposition on the wall, which can influence the composition and characteristics of deposited coke.
文摘Catalytic activities of NiMo/MCM-41 and the mixture of Ni/MCM-41 with H-MCM-41 in cracking used ULO （lubricant oil） have been studied. This work was started by synthesis of aluminosilicate （MCM-41） at ratio of Si/AI = 50, using CTAB （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide） as a template, and TMAOH （tetramethylammonium hydroxide） as co-surfactant, where a hydrothermal process at 100 ℃ was conducted for 12 h. Organic compounds were then burned out from the dry solid material by calcination at 540 ℃. Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 were produced by ion exchange method, followed by reduction and calcination treatments, respectively, while NiMo/MCM-41 was produced by impregnation method followed by calcination. Product of MCM-41 was characterized by XRD （X-ray Diffraction）, Fourier FTIR （transform infra red spectrophotometric）, TEM （transmission electron microscopic） and BET （brunauer-emmet-teller） methods. Performance of the catalytic activities were shown by both of NiMo/MCM-41 and the mixture of 1：1 of H-MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 were mixed with the ULO at ratio of 1：200 （w/v） in a stainless steel reactor, then they were heated at 420 ℃. The products of cracking were analyzed using GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）. Results of the work showed that the MCM-41 was successfully synthesized. Using mixture of Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 catalysts, 56.6% of ULO could be converted to OLP （organic liquid product）. However, using NiMo/MCM-41 catalyst only 28.5% OLP could be produced. GC-MS analyses showed that cracking of the ULO at 420 ~C using NiMo/MCM-41 catalyst gave conversion 4.3% and 8.8% to gasoline like and diesel like fractions, respectively, while using mixture of Ni/MCM-41 and H-MCM-41 catalysts, conversion of 12.2% and 14.8% respectively to gasoline like and diesel like fractions were obtained.
