This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere i...This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere in the network using fuzzy c-mean classification techniques. In addition, Sections 5 and 6 introduce two different methods for normalizing data and selecting the optimum number of clusters in order to classify data. Results and conclusions are given to show the feasibility for the suggested fault location method. Suggestion for future related research has been provided in Section 8.展开更多
Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, ma...Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, mainly including limestone, muddy limestone and some bituminous shale. Many microfissures exist in the formation and the equivalent density of formation pore pressure ranged from 1.19g/cm3 to 1.59g/cm3. Asphalt or heavy oil kicks occurred in drilling three wells in one and a half years, which contaminated the drilling fluid and made well killing difficult due to the kicks and lost circulation in open hole. Gas and hydrogen sulfide （the concentration is up to 40000ppm） were present in the wells, and finally two wells were completely abandoned and one partially losL which frustrated the drilling engineering seriously. By analyzing the data of ＆e drilled wells, the paper summarized the causes of the troubles, and put forward suggestions and conclusions that can serve as reference and guideline for drilling well in ＆is area in the future.展开更多
文摘This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere in the network using fuzzy c-mean classification techniques. In addition, Sections 5 and 6 introduce two different methods for normalizing data and selecting the optimum number of clusters in order to classify data. Results and conclusions are given to show the feasibility for the suggested fault location method. Suggestion for future related research has been provided in Section 8.
文摘Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, mainly including limestone, muddy limestone and some bituminous shale. Many microfissures exist in the formation and the equivalent density of formation pore pressure ranged from 1.19g/cm3 to 1.59g/cm3. Asphalt or heavy oil kicks occurred in drilling three wells in one and a half years, which contaminated the drilling fluid and made well killing difficult due to the kicks and lost circulation in open hole. Gas and hydrogen sulfide （the concentration is up to 40000ppm） were present in the wells, and finally two wells were completely abandoned and one partially losL which frustrated the drilling engineering seriously. By analyzing the data of ＆e drilled wells, the paper summarized the causes of the troubles, and put forward suggestions and conclusions that can serve as reference and guideline for drilling well in ＆is area in the future.
