圆筒形浮式生产储油装置在短峰波中水动力性能试验研究

采用不同方向分布参数的三维短峰波浪对圆筒形浮式生产储油装置(FPSO)迎浪方向的水动力性能开展模型试验研究,对圆筒形FPSO运动响应和系泊系统受力进行分析,并与长峰波浪中的试验结果进行对比.试验结果显示:在短峰波环境条件中,圆筒形FPSO的纵荡运动响应小于长峰波试验结果,横荡和横摇运动响应大于长峰波试验结果,系泊缆最大张力小于长峰波试验结果.在短峰波与长峰波环境条件中,圆筒形FPSO的水动力性能存在较为显著的差异.试验结果可为深入开展三维短峰波中海洋结构物水动力性能研究提供参考.

楔形亲油轨道-超疏水复合图案化表面液滴引导及润滑增效研究

目的实现液滴及润滑油在超疏水表面定向引导,并将其运用于机械摩擦副,改善摩擦润滑性能。方法提出一种简单的超疏水高疏油涂层制备方法,即在硅烷耦合剂作用下利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(FAS-17)改性气相纳米二氧化硅,经交联固化处理后制得具有超疏水高疏油特性的涂层。通过FT-IR分析涂层成分、SEM观测涂层形貌,验证了涂层制备方案的有效性。通过纳秒激光在疏油涂层上加工亲油楔形图案化表面,进行表面流体引导实验。通过开展球-盘标准摩擦实验和滚动轴承温升实验来验证楔形亲油图案化表面流体引导,用于实现机械摩擦润滑增效的有效性。结果通过对涂层表面进行成分分析,验证了C-F键长链在二氧化硅粒子表面上的成功枝接。通过对涂层表面进行形貌观测,验证了表面微纳米粗糙结构的成功构建。所制备得到涂层表面去离子水、PAO4、石蜡油、白油、PAO6、齿轮油接触角分别为157°、142°、143°、144°、136°、145°。相比之下,普通铝板表面去离子水、PAO4、石蜡油、白油、PAO6、齿轮油接触角分别为46°、16°、17°、20°、15°、24°,涂层具有优异的超疏水高疏油特性。通过液滴引导实验,确定液滴引导的楔形最优参数(长度L=30 mm,间距d=0.3 mm、宽度W=0.9 mm),并且楔形亲油图案化表面能够实现液滴的曲线以及逆重力定向运输。球-盘摩擦实验表明,楔形亲油图案化表面在不同工况下均可以有效降低摩擦因数,在低速重载条件下摩擦因数降低了16%。轴承温升实验表明,在转速相同的情况下,带有楔形亲油图案化表面的轴承温升均明显低于普通轴承。结论本文制备的涂层展现出超疏水、高疏油特性,同时设计的楔形亲油图案化表面成功实现了对水、润滑油的定向引导,使得润滑增效。

基于误差补偿的轴套X形油槽高效数控加工

轴套的X形油槽具有良好的润滑效果,传统方法采用4轴立式数控铣床与立铣刀进行加工,但加工效率低。在2.5轴数控铣床上采用盘铣刀做螺旋进给加工可提高效率,但会产生宽度误差;在分析误差产生原因的基础上,提出用偏移补偿法和切深补偿法消除加工误差。在数控编程中用宏程序修正刀具轨迹,实现误差的补偿,从而达到技术要求。

直流电场下油纸绝缘楔形油隙局部放电仿真研究

换流变压器是特高压直流设备的重要组成部分,在不均匀电场作用下,换流变压器中会发生局部放电现象,可用楔形电极模型进行模拟。为研究油纸绝缘在楔形电极的局部放电特性,基于双极性电荷输运和流体动力学漂移扩散理论建立二维轴对称仿真模型,计算获得纳秒尺度下的微观放电图像,得到空间电荷和电场强度分布的变化过程,并讨论电压幅值、电荷迁移率、油纸界面电荷等影响因素对局部放电特性的影响。仿真结果显示,楔形油隙的放电发展过程主要分为油中电晕、油纸界面水平沿面放电和绝缘纸纵向放电3个阶段。油纸界面闪络电压随纸中电荷迁移率的增大呈现出先增大再减小的变化规律,当纸板的电子迁移率和空穴迁移率为10^(-13) m^(2)×v^(-1)×s^(-1)时,横向放电发展受到抑制,闪络电压最高;变压器油的电荷迁移率对放电过程影响较小。放电滞留在纸板表面的正极性界面电荷形成电荷“屏蔽层”,对下一次的放电发展起到抑制作用,导致放电横向发展的速度和范围均随界面电荷量的增加而降低。该文的研究结果对阐明楔形电极的放电机理具有重要理论意义。

活塞波浪形内冷油道位置的工业CT测量

内冷油道是活塞内部起冷却作用的重要结构,其位置对活塞各个部位的工作温度有重要影响。使用传统圆环形油道位置的测量方法检测波浪形内冷油道时,存在线阵工业CT方法不适用的问题,为此研究了波浪形内冷油道位置的工业CT测量方法。该方法基于DR和线阵工业CT技术,通过合理设置扫描位置,确定最少的切片数量,实现了活塞波浪形内冷油道位置的测量。最后采用三坐标测量机对该方法进行验证,结果表明,其测量误差在5%以内,与其他方法相比,该方法检测成本更低,检测效率更高。

油田含油污水处理方法对比研究

石油因应用广泛,其开采量不断加大,而石油在开采过程中会产生大量的含油废水,油田采出水其水量大、水质成分复杂,若不有效处理,将对周围造成不利影响。通过论述油田含油污水的来源、分类、常用处理方法,并从三级处理、四个油形、COD去除效率三方面进行分析,最终得出富含浮油污水优选重力分离法进行处理;富含分散油污水优选浮选法、过滤法进行处理;富含乳化油污水优选膜分离法进行处理;富含溶解油污水优选活性污泥法进行处理。

关节轴承外滚道X形油槽加工夹具设计

针对关节轴承外滚道X形油槽的特殊形状,设计了专用夹具,满足了油槽的质量要求。

波纹管膨胀节波形参数优化设计

本文采用ＥＪＭＡ公式对波纹管膨胀节波形参数进行设计，并对系列设计结果和对内径为３７７ｍｍ的波纹管的优化设计结果进行讨论分析。确定了应力校核中影响设计的主要应力，探讨了波形参数优化设计应考虑的几个因素。

球形氧化铝制备过程中影响因素的研究

介绍了球形氧化铝的各种制备工艺及成形方法,并以油柱成形法制备球形氧化铝。利用低温液氮吸附仪、压汞仪以及智能强度测定仪对其物化性质进行了测定,重点考察了不同铝源合成的水合氧化铝、加料方式、扩孔剂和胶溶剂用量对球形氧化铝性质的影响。实验结果表明,制备水合氧化铝的铝源是影响球形氧化铝的重要因素;并流加料方式能制得大孔容、低表观密度、高强度的球形氧化铝;球形氧化铝的制备过程中,要制得适合于油柱成形的铝溶胶,胶溶剂加入量有最佳的用量范围,胶溶剂用量愈大,球性氧化铝的强度、比表面、孔容愈大,而孔径却随之变小;活性炭粉能有效地提高球形氧化铝的压汞孔容。

KPF的一次优雅转身——中国海洋石油公司总部设计

中国海洋石油公司总部是KPF于2006年在北京新完成的一个重要作品,作者从三个角度:基地一策略、形式一意义和空间一透明,对这一作品进行了简单的介绍。

修钻井作业系统在圆筒形FPSO上的应用研究

主要介绍了适用于圆筒形浮式生产储卸油装置(FPSO)的修井、钻井作业系统的组成及配置以及关键的升沉补偿系统,给出了该作业系统充分利用中央月池区的一套布置方案,并对支撑该作业系统的框架结构进行了在位分析。结果表明,该布置方案合理可行,成功地在圆筒形FPSO上实现了修井和钻井功能。该应用研究为深海边际油田的开发提供了新的思路和关键的技术储备。

干式煤气柜若干问题的探讨

主要对目前的稀油正多边形柜和稀油圆筒珙柜在结构受力、结构变形和制造使用等方面作了详细的比较,得出正多边形柜优于圆筒形柜的结论。

Math Imitation of the Texture of Particle Cluster Emitted from Diesel Engine

Aim The particle texture from diesel engine was imitated by use of computer. Methods The theory of fractal geometry and the diffusion limited aggregation model were used to simulate the micron texture. Results The fractal dimensions of granule distribution and corpuscle superficial area are quite conformed with those of measurement. Conclusion The texture parameters of engine particle cluster can be obtained precisely by use of fractal theory.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium forbesii

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium forbesii Boiss. and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 217 peaks and 100 compounds were identified, accounting for 78.3% of the total essential oil. Conclu...

Seismic Acquisition in the Beach of the Shengli Oilfield

The beach of the Shengli oilfield, as the prospect for steady continuous development of the Shengli oilfield, has a large area, special geographic and geological conditions, and other technical difficulties so that exploration has been slow. Seismic acquisition methods in the beach area and very shallow water have been investigated and, with the introduction of new equipment, given rise to more sophisticated acquisition geometries. A series of improved seismic exploration methods in the beach area and very shallow water are established by analyzing different shot and receiver parameters. As a result, S/N ratio and resolution of seismic data have been improved significantly to identify subsurface structures, improve reservoir description, and increase reserves and production.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium incisum

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang, providing scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography （GC）. The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 242 peaks and 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 75.77% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil of the rhizome and root of N. incisum, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounted for 13.63% and 67.93%, respectively, in which （ 1S）-β-pinene （ 1.67% ）, 3-carene （ 1.05% ）, limonene （ 1.22% ）, and 1S-endo-bornyl acetate （ 1.68% ） as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and （ ＋ ） -β-elemene （6.78%）, sativene （1.54%）, α-caryophyllene （2.64%）, germacrene D （1.67%）, eudesma-4 （ 14 ）, ll-diene （2.36%）, α-selinene （2.42%）, δ-cadinene （ 1.55% ）, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol （1.03%）, （ ＋ ）-elemol （5.18%）, （-）-spathulenol （1.40%）, guaiol （3.81%）, dehydroxy-isocalamendiol （ 1.06% ）, γ-eudesmol （ 1.05% ）, α-eudesmol （7.97%）, bulnesol （3.09%）, and carotol （2. 30% ） as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives were main components. In addition, isopropyl transcinnamate was the maximum compound （ 11.3% ） of the total essential oil.

APPLICATION OF HOT-PRESS SINTERING TECHNIQUE TO EXPLOSIVE CHARGE LINER OF PETROLEUM PERFORATION BULLET

A new method for manufacturing explosive charge liner of petroleum perforation bullet, using hot press sintering technique, has been introduced in the paper. The sintering process of making explosive charge liner has been investigated. The mechanical test and SEM analysis indicate that the property of the liner produced by the process is satisfied.

Predicting the distribution of reservoirs by applying the method of seismic data structure characteristics： Example from the eighth zone in Tahe Oilfield

Seismic data structure characteristics means the waveform character arranged in the time sequence at discrete data points in each 2-D or 3-D seismic trace. Hydrocarbon prediction using seismic data structure characteristics is a new reservoir prediction technique. When the main pay interval is in carbonate fracture and fissure-cavern type reservoirs with very strong inhomogeneity, there are some difficulties with hydrocarbon prediction. Because of the special geological conditions of the eighth zone in the Tahe oil field, we apply seismic data structure characteristics to hydrocarbon prediction for the Ordovician reservoir in this zone. We divide the area oil zone into favorable and unfavorable blocks. Eighteen well locations were proposed in the favorable oil block, drilled, and recovered higher output of oil and gas.

Steatosis recovery after treatment with a balanced sunflower or olive oil-based diet: Involvement of perisinusoidal stellate cells

AIM： To analyze the relationship between perisinusoidal stellate cell （PSC） activation and the dietary fat quantity and composition in the treatment of hepatic steatosis. METHODS： Using an experimental rat model of steatosis based on the intake of a hyperlipidic diet （14% fat as olive oil or sunflower oil, HL-O and HL-S, respectively）, we analyzed the liver＇s capability of recovery after the treatment with a normal-lipidic diet （5% fat as olive oil or sunflower oil, NL-O and NL-S, respectively） by immunoo/tochemical and Western blot analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression in PSCs, collagen quantification and serum aminotransferase determination. RESULTS： The fatty infiltration in the steatotic livers decreased after the treatment with both NL diets, indicating liver recovery. This decrease was accompanied with a lower collagen deposition and aminotransferase level as well as changes in the PSC population that increased the GFAP expression. The above-mentioned effects were more pronounced in animals fed on NL-O based diet. CONCLUSION： Treatment with a balanced diet enriched in olive oil contributes to the liver recovery from a steatotic process. The PSC phenotype is a marker of this hepatic-recovery model.

High-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique in deep-well oil shale roadways

In order to avoid the deep-well oil shale roadway being deformed, damaged, or difficult to maintain after excavating and supporting in Haishiwan coal mine, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the deformed roadway and revealed its failure mechanism by taking comprehensively the methods of field geological investigation, displacement monitoring of surrounding rock, rock properties and hydration properties experiments and field application tests. Based on this work, the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting principle is proposed, which is： to ＂resist＂ by high pre-tightening force and high stiff- ness in the early stage, to ＂yield＂ by making use of the controlled deformation of a yielding tube in the middle stage, and to ＂fix＂ by applying total-section Gunite in the later stage. A high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique of ＂high pre-tightening force yielding anchor bolt ＋ small-bore pre-tight- ening force anchor cable ＋ rebar ladder beam ＋ rhombic metal mesh ＋ lagging gunite＂ has been estab- lished, and industrial on site testing implemented. The practical results show that the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique can effectively control the large deformation and long-time rheology of deep-well oil shale roadways and can provide beneficial references for the maintenance of other con-generic roadways.Deep-well Oil shale