Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm o...Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm oil in Aceh province. The results of this study show that biodiesel production from oil palm have differend resulted which is depent on various of material inputs. The environmental impact and energy consumption due to pre-harvest activity was higher compared to post harvest activity. The characteristics of Greenhouse Gas （GHG） emission value before stable productivity is 2.30-2.56 kg-CO2 eq./kg-Biodiesel Fuel from Crude Palm Oil （BDF-CPO）. When the productivity has reached stability, the GHG value is 1.66-1.71 kg-CO2 eq./kg-BDF-CPO. The total value of energy consumption before stable production is 46.31-49.83 MJ/kg-BDF-CPO. Utilization of agrochemical in form of fertilizer and plant protection generate significant contribution to environmental impact of biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil （CPO） is 50.46% for scenario I and 68.14% for scenario 2. The combination reduction of CO2 eq. emission values of before and after stable production for BDF-CPO is 37.83% for scenario 1 and 49.96% for scenario 2.展开更多
Tropical peat swamp forest beds that have been reclaimed for agricultural use are generally an active source of nitrous oxide （N2O） efflux, however, the mechanism by which reclaimed tropical peat soils promote the e...Tropical peat swamp forest beds that have been reclaimed for agricultural use are generally an active source of nitrous oxide （N2O） efflux, however, the mechanism by which reclaimed tropical peat soils promote the emergence of N2O emitters in soil microbial communities remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the vertical distribution of N2O emission potential and its correlation with mineral nitrogen contents in reclaimed soils. Using a culture-based N2O emission assay, the N2O emission potentials of soil at various depths （0-450 cm） were investigated in two oil palm plantations in Sarawak, Malaysia, which had elapsed times of two years （E2Y） and 10 years （El 0Y） after deforestation, respectively. On the basis of the relationship between the vertical profiles of N2O emission potentials and the contents of mineralized nitrogen in the peat soils at various depths, the impact of land management on soil microbial communities was discussed. The peat soil at plantation site E2Y showed a trend of high N2O production in deep layers （200-400 cm）, whereas the older plantation site E10Y showed considerably more active N2O emission in shallow soil （10-50 cm）. N2O emission potentials among the soil microbial communities at different soil depths at the E10Y site showed positive correlations with NO3- and NH4＋ contents, whereas, soils obtained from the E2Y site had N2O emission potentials that were inversely proportional to the contents of NO3-. This contrasting vertical correlation between N2O-emitting potentials and mineralized nitrogen contents in bulk soils suggests that active N2O emission in deep soil at the E2Y site has maintained the original carbon-nitrogen （C/N） ratio of the peat soil, whereas at EIOY, such a regulatory system has been lost due to advanced soil degradation, leading to dynamic changes in the nitrogen cycle in shallow soil.展开更多
4月一个晴朗的早晨,历史长逾四分之一世纪的油棕种植园里的蟋蟀声此起彼伏,印度尼西亚著名农业生态学家阿亚万1(Anak Agung Aryawan)在树荫下散步,突然发现了一只奇怪的黑色昆虫——黄猎蜡。这对油棕种植者来说是个好消息,因为黄猎蜻会...4月一个晴朗的早晨,历史长逾四分之一世纪的油棕种植园里的蟋蟀声此起彼伏,印度尼西亚著名农业生态学家阿亚万1(Anak Agung Aryawan)在树荫下散步,突然发现了一只奇怪的黑色昆虫——黄猎蜡。这对油棕种植者来说是个好消息,因为黄猎蜻会大规模地猎杀油棕树最主要的害虫——火毛虫,而油棕是附近绝大多数农民最主要的收入来源。展开更多
文摘Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm oil in Aceh province. The results of this study show that biodiesel production from oil palm have differend resulted which is depent on various of material inputs. The environmental impact and energy consumption due to pre-harvest activity was higher compared to post harvest activity. The characteristics of Greenhouse Gas （GHG） emission value before stable productivity is 2.30-2.56 kg-CO2 eq./kg-Biodiesel Fuel from Crude Palm Oil （BDF-CPO）. When the productivity has reached stability, the GHG value is 1.66-1.71 kg-CO2 eq./kg-BDF-CPO. The total value of energy consumption before stable production is 46.31-49.83 MJ/kg-BDF-CPO. Utilization of agrochemical in form of fertilizer and plant protection generate significant contribution to environmental impact of biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil （CPO） is 50.46% for scenario I and 68.14% for scenario 2. The combination reduction of CO2 eq. emission values of before and after stable production for BDF-CPO is 37.83% for scenario 1 and 49.96% for scenario 2.
文摘Tropical peat swamp forest beds that have been reclaimed for agricultural use are generally an active source of nitrous oxide （N2O） efflux, however, the mechanism by which reclaimed tropical peat soils promote the emergence of N2O emitters in soil microbial communities remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the vertical distribution of N2O emission potential and its correlation with mineral nitrogen contents in reclaimed soils. Using a culture-based N2O emission assay, the N2O emission potentials of soil at various depths （0-450 cm） were investigated in two oil palm plantations in Sarawak, Malaysia, which had elapsed times of two years （E2Y） and 10 years （El 0Y） after deforestation, respectively. On the basis of the relationship between the vertical profiles of N2O emission potentials and the contents of mineralized nitrogen in the peat soils at various depths, the impact of land management on soil microbial communities was discussed. The peat soil at plantation site E2Y showed a trend of high N2O production in deep layers （200-400 cm）, whereas the older plantation site E10Y showed considerably more active N2O emission in shallow soil （10-50 cm）. N2O emission potentials among the soil microbial communities at different soil depths at the E10Y site showed positive correlations with NO3- and NH4＋ contents, whereas, soils obtained from the E2Y site had N2O emission potentials that were inversely proportional to the contents of NO3-. This contrasting vertical correlation between N2O-emitting potentials and mineralized nitrogen contents in bulk soils suggests that active N2O emission in deep soil at the E2Y site has maintained the original carbon-nitrogen （C/N） ratio of the peat soil, whereas at EIOY, such a regulatory system has been lost due to advanced soil degradation, leading to dynamic changes in the nitrogen cycle in shallow soil.
文摘4月一个晴朗的早晨,历史长逾四分之一世纪的油棕种植园里的蟋蟀声此起彼伏,印度尼西亚著名农业生态学家阿亚万1(Anak Agung Aryawan)在树荫下散步,突然发现了一只奇怪的黑色昆虫——黄猎蜡。这对油棕种植者来说是个好消息,因为黄猎蜻会大规模地猎杀油棕树最主要的害虫——火毛虫,而油棕是附近绝大多数农民最主要的收入来源。
