绿河油页岩油母电子结构及热稳定性

为充分开发和合理利用油页岩,以绿河油页岩结构模型为基础,采用杂化密度泛函理论(B3LYP)方法,研究了油母的几何结构、键级、键能、前线分子轨道、静电势、核磁等相关性质。结果表明:氧原子部位是该油母结构热裂解和化学反应的主要活性部位,六元环的不规则变形是其开环裂解的主要原因,但饱和烷烃六元环和链状结构的差异对于电子结构没有显著影响。该研究为油页岩炼油技术的改进提供了理论依据。

煤及油母中常见C—X(X=N,S)的解离能

煤及油页岩中除了碳、氢和氧原子是主要的组成元素外,氮和硫等杂原子大都以C—X(X=N,S)的键合形式存在,在其结构及转化利用中同样发挥重要的作用。认识C—X的解离能,有助于建立氮、硫热解过程中的迁移模型,丰富对煤及油母中常见化学键性质的认识,对发展高效清洁的能源利用技术至关重要。利用双杂化密度泛函方法,系统研究了煤及油母中典型C—X键的解离能(BDE)范围。研究结果表明,煤及油母中常见C—N和C—S键的BDE值范围分别是154.1~55.7 kcal·mol^(-1)和83.0~56.6 kcal·mol^(-1)。在热解过程中,苯硫类自由基以及苯胺类自由基会在初期产生,其次才是巯基、胺类自由基等侧链取代自由基脱落。C—S键的整体BDE值范围比其他类型化学键更低,各类化学键最低BDE值的高低顺序符合O—H>C—H>C—C>C—N>C—S>C—O的规律,其中,只有当有PhO·生成时,C—S>C—O,否则C—O>C—S。

不同提取工艺对产油酵母油脂产率的影响

研究了不同的油脂提取工艺对产油酵母油脂产率的影响。以高产油酵母JM-D为原料,以油脂产率为测定指标,比较了蜗牛酶法、超声波破碎法、反复冻融法、细胞匀浆机破碎法、微波破碎法、研磨法以及酸热法对酵母细胞壁的破碎效果,并对有机溶剂提取法与索氏抽提法提取细胞内油脂的效果进行比较。结果显示,蜗牛酶法的细胞破碎效果最好,油脂产率高达46.2%;其次是反复冻融(100℃水浴解冻)法,油脂产率高达43.4%;研磨法+酸热法的油脂提取效果也较好,油脂产率达到37.8%。研磨后,采用索氏抽提法的提取效果优于有机溶剂提取法的。

岩盐中合成烃包裹体与母油的地球化学特征及其在油源对比中的意义

油气包裹体广泛应用于油气成藏研究,但油气包裹体能否继承母油荧光及地球化学特征等,尚缺乏直接的实验证据。本文在开放体系下用NaCl挥发结晶法对一轻质原油进行合成烃类包裹体实验,通过镜下观察和激光剥蚀色谱-质谱技术分析合成的烃包裹体和母油的荧光特征、成分特征及地化特征,研究两者的异同点。结果表明,在NaCl合成烃类包裹体中共发现三种相态的包裹体:纯液相烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气油水三相包裹体;共有绿黄色荧光、蓝色荧光两种不同颜色的荧光特征。相对于母油,合成包裹体的饱和烃和芳烃类化合物中的轻质组分含量较低,可以推测在母油被捕获成为包裹体的过程中,不同的化学成分存在差异性捕获。但合成包裹体的Pr/Ph等地化参数和不同系列化合物相对含量与母油相差不大,能很好地反映母油的沉积环境等地化特征。因此,包裹体成分信息可以应用于油源对比分析。

油母页岩生产工人外周血淋巴细胞微核及SCE的观察报告

本文观察了１４３名油母页岩生产工人及３４名非油母页岩生产工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率，７７名油母页岩生产工人及２２名非油母页岩生产工人外用血淋巴细胞ＳＣＥ率。其中微核率观察：采矿队７３名微核率均值为１．７２６±１．３１４‰，排土队７０名微核率均值为２．８７１±１．６９４‰，非油母页岩生产工人３４名的微核率均值为２．０８８±１．４４５‰，排土队与对照组及采矿队比较均有显著性差异，而采矿队与对照组比较无显著性差异；ＳＣＥ率观察：７７名油母页岩生产工人中，采矿队２５名的ＳＣＥ率均值为９．２７５±１．２１８次／细胞，排土队５２名的ＳＣＥ率均值为９．４７３±２．３７２次／细胞，非油母页岩生产工人２２名的ＳＣＥ率均值为７．７１８±１．４８９次／细胞。油母页岩生产工人与非油母页岩生产工人比较均有显著性差异。由此可见，接触油母页岩生产过程中所存在的有害物质（如放射性核素）可诱发油母页岩生产工人的淋巴细胞微核率及ＳＣＥ率升高。值得进一步探讨该作业有害因素对人体的危害程度。

“响铃”母油的生产方法

“响铃”母油的生产方法白文泽赵玉霞（吉林省公主岭市八屋酿造厂１３６１１５）“响铃”母油又称八屋精制母油，是以大豆和面粉为原料，采用传统工艺，传统配方，有独特香气和风味。液汁浓稠，色泽红褐，酯香气浓郁、味道鲜美、余味绵长，产品久贮不变质、不浑浊、无霉花...

植物油基薄钢板冷轧轧制油的研究

植物油由于其优良的润滑性、退火清净性、离水展着性和可生物降解性,成为冷轧轧制油基础油研究的趋势。以菜籽油为基础油,通过添加23.72%高黏植物油、1.34%极压抗磨剂、1.02%脂肪酸、4.88%抗氧剂、11%乳化剂和2.7%消泡剂,开发出一种高黏度,抗氧性、极压抗磨性、低温流动性和乳化效果好的薄钢板冷轧轧制油,其母油性能完全达到奎克公司同类产品标准,乳液性能满足我国行业使用标准。使用植物油开发绿色冷轧轧制油,是实现可持续发展,解决石油危机的有效途径。

薄钢板冷轧轧制油预乳液的研究

在薄钢板冷轧过程中,轧制油的润滑性、退火清净性、冷却性、离水展着性是至关重要的。选择世界一流的奎克公司冷轧轧制油为母油参考指标,以我国现行行业标准为乳液依据,进行预乳液轧制油的研究。首先进行基础油筛选,并对其油性、极压抗磨性、酸性等性能改进;在此基础上进行预乳液研制,着重考察其离水展着等性能。实验证明:以菜籽油为基础油,添加24%左右的高粘物质、1.7%含硫极压抗磨剂、1.3%酸性剂、11%复合乳化剂和3%的消泡剂,所得母油性能完全达到奎克公司薄钢板冷轧油标准,预乳液符合行业使用标准;其5%的乳化液静置24h后析皂量为4.3mL、2%乳化液静置7min后泡沫完全消除;以热重分析模拟退火环境,其油品残留量几乎为0。最终产品符合薄钢板冷轧水基液使用要求。

Studies on Production of Biodiesel by Esterification of Fatty Acids by a Lipase Preparation from Candida sp. 99-125

A self-made lipase preparation from Candida sp. 99-125 was used for the production of biodiesel through enzymatic esterification of fatty acids. The crude lipase powder and fermentation broth were immobilized on a cheap fiber cloth carrier. The conditions of lipase-catalyzed esterification between long-chain fatty acids and methanol in a solvent system were investigated in detail, including the temperature, pH value, substrate concentration, solvent, absorbent agent, enzyme dosage and purity, immobilization method, the mode of addition of substrate. The results show that reaction temperature, pH of lipase micro-environment, substrate concentration, enzyme dosage and purity affect the esterification strongly. Several new methods and enzymatic procedures for improving the enzymatic reaction involving the process cost are also discussed, such as fossil diesel fuel as reaction solvent, immobilization method, multi-step gradient addition of methanol. The esterification degree of 92.8% was obtained with oleic acid and methanol under the optimal reaction condition after 12.5 h reaction time. The half-life of the immobilized lipase preparation from crude free lipase powder for esterification was 15 days.

Improve Ethanol Yield Through Minimizing Glycerol Yield in Ethanol Fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae （S. cerevisiae）, glycerol is one of the main by-products. The purpose of this investigation was to increase ethanol yield through minimizing glycerol yield by using mutants in which FPS1 encoding a channel protein that mediates glycerol export and GPD2 encoding one of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were knocked-out using one-step gene replacement. GLT1 and GLN1 that encode glutamate synthase and glutamine synth.etase, respectively,were overexpressed using two-step gene replacment in fpsl△gpd2△ mutant.The fermentation properties of ZAL69（fpsl△：：LEU2 gpd2△：：URA3） and ZAL808 （fps1△：：LEU2 gpd2△：：URA3 PPGK1-GLT1 PPGK1-GLN1） under microaerobic conditions were investigated and compared with those of wild type（DC124）. Consumption of glucose, yield of ethanol, yield of glycerol, acetic acid, and pyruvic acid were monitored. Compared with wild type, the ethanol yield of ZAL69 and ZAL808 were improved by. 13.17% and 6.66 %, respectively, whereas glycerol yield decreased by 37.4 % and 41.7 %. Meanwhile, acetic acia yield and pyruvic acid yield aecreasea aramatlcally comparea to wild type. Our results indicate that FPS1 and GPD2 deletion of S. cerevisiae resulted in reduced glycerol yield and increased ethanol yield, but simultaneous overexpression of GLT1 and GLN1 infps1△gpd2△ mutant did not have a higher ethanol yield thanfps1△gpd2△ mutant.

Construction and Expression of Serratia Marcescens ECU1010 Lipase （lipA） in Pichia Pastoris

Serratia marcescens ECUI010, as an extracellular lipase and a significant catalyst, which had been widely employed to catalyze various chemical reactions such as non-specific, stereo-specific hydrolysis and esterification for industrial biocatalytic applications, was previously mostly expressed intracellularly as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Denaturation and renaturation of inclusion bodies had a significant influence on the lipase activity. Thereupon, our present work described the secretion expression of gene encoding of this lipase in Pichia pastoris GS 115 and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Firstly, the obtained lipA gene fragment was introduced into P. pastoris expression vector pPIC9K, the lipA gene without its signal sequence were cloned downstream to the alpha-mating factor signal and expressed in P. pastoris GS115 under the control of AOXI promoter, and the recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-lipA was transformed into P. pastoris strain GS115 by electroporation, and this recombinant P. pastoris were identified by PCR. Then lipase activity was detected on BMMY-tributyrin and olive oil agar plates containing Rhodamine B. Transformants with lipase activity by screening were induced 6 days by methanol, one band of 77 kDa protein could be observed by 10% SDS-PAGE. p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids were used as the substrates in an automated activity assay of liquid culture media. The pH and temperature optimum of lipase were pH 8.5 and 40℃ respectively. The stability and effects of metal ions and other reagents were also determined. However, the recombinant fusion intended for secretion was efficiently secreted in a percentage of close to 90% and remained stable even in rich medium at high cell density cultures, yielding values of over 4 U of lipase activity per milliliter of culture media supernatant.

Design of heat exchanger network based on entransy theory

The heat exchanger network(HEN) synthesis problem based on entransy theory is analyzed. According to the characteristics of entransy representation of thermal potential energy, the entransy dissipation represents the irreversibility of the heat transfer process, the temperature difference determines the entransy dissipation, and four HEN design steps based on entransy theory are put forward. The present study shows how it is possible to set energy targets based on entransy and achieve them with a network of heat exchangers by an example of heat exchanger network design for four streams. In order to verify the correctness of the heat exchanger networks design method based on entransy theory, the synthesis of the HEN for the diesel hydrogenation unit is studied. Using the heat exchange networks design method based on entransy theory, the HEN obtained is consistent with energy targets. The entransy transfer efficiency of HEN based on entransy theory is 92.29%, higher than the entransy transfer efficiency of the maximum heat recovery network based on pinch technology.

帮助仔猪消化脂肪

仔猪断奶后，其胃的能力并不能满足其对能量的高度需要。因此，必须在断奶后最初阶段向仔猪提供高养分含量的优质断奶日粮。达到这一目的的唯一的实用方法就是向日粮中添加油脂。但是，如果这样做，就有一个问题：这可使仔猪在７～８周龄胃肠道充分发育之前发生消化不良的...

Influence of Replacement Time and Rate of Soybean Oil by Flax Oil in the Leghorn Hens＇ Diet on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profile in Eggs

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of replacement time and rate of soybean oil by flax oil （FO） on polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） profile in egg of laying hens. Two hundred White Leghorn hens with 30 weeks of age were divided into five treatments with four replicates of l 0 birds each. Treatments were assigned randomly and consisted of 0.00%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25% and 3.00% FO in commercial corn-soybean meal diets, in which the soybean oil was partially replaced. The experiment was conducted for 90 d. The main research findings were that feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight and feed conversion were not influenced by time and dietary treatment. Fatty acid content was significantly altered （P 〈 0.05） by FO, showing a progressive increase in egg n-3 fatty acid （especially docosahexaenoic acids （DHA） and eicosapentaenoic acids （EPA）） when FO was added. Levels of EPA and DHA were higher （P 〈 0.05） in the egg lipids of FO fed hens than those in the control group. However, no significant differences were observed either in egg weight or egg production among groups. The highest incorporation （P 〈 0.05） of total n-3 fatty acid content in eggs was obtained with 3% FO/kg. This increase was proportional to FO inclusion levels in the diets.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Crude Rice Bran Oil with Immobilized Candida sp. 99-125

The non-edible crude rice bran oil was extracted from white rice bran, and then was catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production in this study. The effects of water content, oil/methanol molar ratio, temperature, enzyme amount, solvent,number of methanol added times and two-step methanolysis by using Candida sp. 99-125 as catalyst were investigated. The optimal conditions for processing 1 g rice bran oil were: 0.2 g immobilized lipase, 2 ml n-hexane as solvent, 20% water based on the rice bran oil mass, temperature of 40 °C and two-step addition of methanol. As a result, the fatty acid methyl esters yield was 87.4%. The immobilized lipase was proved to be stable when it was used repeatedly for 7 cycles.