全油气系统理论基本原理

通过阐释全油气系统基本原理,并阐明全油气系统的结构,进而揭示常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气序列成藏规律以及全油气系统成藏模式与成藏机理;此外,阐述了页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理,并给出了进一步的研究方向。研究表明:(1)全油气系统的主要结构包括3类流体动力场、3种油气藏与油气资源,以及两种成藏作用。常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气具有形成时间和空间分布的有序性、基于成因机理的序列合理性,表现出“序列成藏”的地质规律。(2)全油气系统成藏模式可以分为“碎屑岩盆地成藏模式”与“碳酸盐岩盆地(层系)成藏模式”两类。非常规油气的聚集成藏是一种“自封闭成藏”,油气自封闭作用的微观来源是分子间作用力(范德华力)。(3)非常规油气生产实践证实,页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理是一个全新的领域,极为复杂,有待进一步研究。页岩油气一定是中国油气资源中最重要的资源接替。(4)进一步研究方向包括:碳酸盐岩盆地全油气系统特征及复合盆地演化源储耦合规律;页岩油气与致密油气运移、成藏与开发生产的流动机理;深层超深层页岩油气、致密油气和煤层气油气地质特征与富集规律;全油气系统油气资源评价与新一代盆地模拟技术;地球系统—地球有机岩与化石能源系统—全油气系统研究。

高含水期水平管油气水三相流动数值模拟

由于油气水三相间存在着不稳定的混合界面,在不同的条件下可产生多种流型。采用VOF多相流模型对水平管道中油气水三相流动进行数值模拟,得出在不同含气体积分数、含油体积分数、黏度及流速条件下油气水三相在水平管道中流动的相分布图。分析可知,在高含水期,随着含气体积分数的增加,流型由气泡流发展成分层流;随着混合物流速的增长,流型由分层流发展成段塞流。含气体积分数和混合物流速对流型有较大的影响。含油体积分数和原油黏度对流型的影响不明显。计算结果与相关理论比较吻合,对实际工程具有一定的指导意义。

倒U形管内油气水三相流动流型分布的研究

通过可视化观察 ,采用以电导探针与光纤探针相结合的方法 ,对弯头连接起来的倒U形管内油气水三相流动流型分布进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,由于弯头的影响 ,使得倒U形管垂直段内的流型分布表现出不同于长直管内的流型分布 ,表现出更多的流型形式 ,同时由于油水两相流动的影响 ,使得倒U形管内的油气水三相流动的流型分布更为复杂。建立了流型图 ,实现了在同一流型图上表示油气水三相所有流动形式。

水平管内油气水三相流动摩擦阻力压降特性研究

对水平管内油气水三相流动的摩擦压降特性进行系统的理论和实验研究 ,建立了泡状流和环状流摩擦压力降的理论模型 ,揭示了摩擦压力降随折算气速、折算液速、油水混合物含水率及管径的变化规律。实验结果与理论计算结果相吻合。

螺旋管油气水多相流动与原油管流除砂理论

本文介绍了有关螺旋管内油气水多相流动的研究成果及原油井口螺旋管旋流除砂工艺技术发明的原理与实效．

垂直上升管内油气两相流动截面含气率的测量

采用水平—上升管组合法测量了垂直上升管内油气两相流动在泡状流和弹状流情况下截面含气率的值。同时，应用漂移通量模型对试验结果进行了预测，预测值与试验结果吻合良好，从而证实了此方法在工程应用中是一种简单、准确和可行的测量方法。

油气水三相流动时油井含水率预测方法研究

为研究溶解气驱油藏油井含水率的变化规律，对油气三相流动时，产油量与流压、产水量与流压的关系进行了研究，利用Ｖｏｇｅｌ方程和产水量的经验公式，推导出了含水率率预测的关系表达式。经实测数据验证，表明该公式计算简单，精度高，适应性广。

油气两相流流过弯管的局部阻力特性研究

以油气、气水为工质，对进口水平、出口垂直向上的９０弯管内气液两相流局部阻力特性进行了实验研究．弯管内径４５ｍｍ、弯曲半径为３００ｍｍ．根据实验结果，总结出了气水、油气两相流体流过弯管时的局部阻力变化规律，并与前人的结果进行了比较．重新提出了统一的弯管局部阻力计算公式，计算值和实验值符合良好．

航空发动机核心舱燃油泄漏流动

针对大型客机持续不平衡振动叠加装配应力会引发燃油管路泄漏问题,以某一典型发动机机型为研究对象,探讨发动机核心舱空间结构及燃油管路分布,由核心舱燃油泄漏的事故引入,分析核心舱内燃油管路的泄漏形式和泄漏量;基于模型进行油气泄漏的冷态计算,研究裂纹泄漏形式下,泄漏位置对冷态流场的影响;针对裂纹、安装两种泄漏形式,仿真计算油气扩散及流动的情况。结果表明,裂纹泄漏的泄漏量相对较大,泄漏速度较快,并在与空气的掺混下,扩散到机舱内不同部分。而安装泄漏的泄漏量较小,油气泄漏量较小,只在泄漏口附近扩散。管路裂纹泄漏无论泄漏位置在何处,都会在泄漏口出现高速气流及相应的高压区域。

岩石润湿性对油气水三相相对渗透率的影响

在地层温度下.用隐定法对饱和过程为S_w↓S_o↓S_z↓的油湿和水湿人造砂岩的油气水三相相对渗透率进行了实验测定,实验中分别采用电阻率和称重法测水相和油帽的饱和度,用“三段岩心”法消除末端效应。实验结果表明:岩石润湿性对相对渗透率有明显的影响,水湿岩石中,水的等渗线为一组直线。即水相相对渗透率只与水饱和度S_w有关,而与油,气的单独饱和度无关,油、气的相对渗透率与所有三相的饱和度有关,油的等渗线为一组凹向100％S_o点的曲线,气的等渗线为一组凸向100％S_z点的曲线;在油湿岩石中,油,气、水三相的相对渗透率与所有三相的饱和度有关,各相等渗线均为一组凸向100％各自饱和度点的曲线。

吉林油田CO_(2)驱高气液比油井井筒压降预测模型

目前,吉林油田CCUS已进入工业化推广应用阶段,部分井油压超过掺输压力,需介入控压措施,而准确预测井筒压力则是进行转喷预测和控压工艺设计的关键。CO_(2)驱高气液比油井井筒流动具有多组分、存在相变及流型转变等特征,导致现有压降模型不适用。为了进一步揭示CO_(2)驱油井井筒多相流动规律,准确预测井筒压降,开展了油气水三相井筒可视化流动模拟试验,明确了高气液比条件下,气体扰动对油水相间作用的影响规律;基于试验数据,通过因素分析,明确了表观气、液流速和含水率与持液率的变化关系,引入新的无因次数准数,拟合得到持液率计算新模型;综合考虑CO_(2)在原油和水中的溶解度,以及CO_(2)沿井筒流动的相态变化,建立了CO_(2)驱高气液比油井压降预测模型;现场实际测压数据验证表明:新模型最大误差为8.32%。与常用工程压降模型相比,新模型精度最高。该研究成果对保障CO_(2)驱高气液比油井的安全稳定生产具有重要的意义。

基于相态图的凝析油产出剖面解释方法研究

随着油气勘探向地壳深处发展,一些高温高压凝析气藏陆续被勘探发现。目前,这些凝析气藏大多已经进入开发利用阶段。在实际生产中当凝析气沿井筒上升时,随着温度和压力的变化,凝析气会逆凝结形成凝析油,这种烃类相态的转变给其产出剖面解释带来了困难。为解决这一问题,研究提出了一种基于相态图的凝析油产出剖面解释方法,这种方法结合了传统产出剖面解释方法与相态图的相关理论,能够对油气两相凝析油产出剖面进行准确的解释。实际应用表明,该方法是可行的,可为类似剖面处理提供参考。

Fetkovich综合IPR、三相IPR相关式及其应用

因Fetkovich方法是在现场测试数据的基础上得来,在IPR预测方面具有其独特的优势。在Fetkovich方法基础上,结合单相流和油气两相流动特点,推导出了基于Fetkovich方法的综合IPR方法,并给出了如何通过测试数据获得采油指数的计算方法。再由按含水率取纯油IPR曲线和水IPR曲线的加权平均,推导出了基于Fetkovich方法的三相流的采液指数计算方法和某一产量下流压计算方法。最后分别给出了实例进行验证,说明导出方法具有一定可行性。

突变管段三相流流型研究

油气水三相流动极其复杂,三相之间的混合界面稳定性较弱,因此在不同的输送条件下存在多种流型。使用VOF模型,以突变管段内油气水三相流为模拟对象,在气体体积分数、原油黏度及流动速度等参数不同的条件下,对流体在管内的流动进行了模拟,得到了相应的相分布云图。研究结果表明,气体体积分数及流速对多相流流型具有很大的影响,而原油的黏度对流型的影响不是很明显。

Fetkovich综合IPR和三相IPR相关式及其应用

在Fetkovich方法基础上,结合单相流和油气两相流动特点,推导出基于Fetkovich方法的综合IPR方法,并给出了如何通过测试数据获得采油指数的计算方法;再由按含水率取纯油IPR曲线和水IPR曲线的加权平均,推导出了基于Fetkovich方法的三相流的采液指数计算方法和某一产量下流压计算方法。通过实例进行验证,说明了导出方法具有一定可行性。

Air flow patterns and noise analysis inside high speed angular contact ball bearings

The vortex formed around the rolling ball and the high pressure region formed around the ball-raceway contact zone are the principle factors that barricades the lubricant entering the bearing cavity, and further causes improper lubrication. The investigation of the air phase flow inside the bearing cavity is essential for the optimization of the oil-air two-phase lubrication method. With the revolutionary reference frame describing the bearing motion, a highly precise air phase flow model inside the angular contact ball bearing cavity was build up. Comprehensive factors such as bearing revolution, ball rotation, and cage structure were considered to investigate the influences on the air phase flow and heat transfer efficiency. The aerodynamic noise was also analyzed. The result shows that the ball spinning leads to the pressure rise and uneven pressure distribution. The air phase velocity, pressure and cage heat transfer efficiency increase as the revolving speed increases. The operating noise is largely due to the impact of the high speed external flow on the bearing. When the center of the oil-air outlet fixes near the inner ring, the aerodynamic noise is reduced. The position near the inner ring on the bigger axial side is the ideal position to fix the lubricating device for the angular contact ball bearing.

Pressure Buildup Analysis for a Well in a Closed, Bounded Multiwell Reservoir

A general method has been developed for analyzing pressure buildup data from a well located in a system with both production and injection wells in a closed, bounded two-phase flow reservoir. The proposed method enables one to calculate the total mobility or permeability-thickness product, the skin factor, the average drainage-area pressure and the injection-production ratio （at the instant of shut-in） with accuracy from pressure buildup （or falloff） data dominated by a linear trend of reservoir pressure. Out of thousands of well tests, several typical field examples have been presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method for analyzing pressure transient data from a well located in a water-injection multiwell reservoir. And the possible application of this method to heterogeneous systems such as naturally fractured reservoirs is also discussed. Approaches to aid practicing engineers in verifying the buildup interpretation （or recognizing the interference of offset wells） are presented. Extension of the presented method to a gas well located in a multiwell gas reservoir is also suggested

Potential of Cooperation on Oil & Gas Market in Northeast Asia

There is a great potential of both supply and consumption in oil ＆ gas market in Northeast Asia, and the prospects of further cooperation is very broad. Sino-Russia cooperation on oil ＆ gas will lay a crucial foundation for building a regional oil ＆ gas market, and an increasingly opened trading system for oil ＆ gas will also meet Japan and South Korea＇s need in building a diversified and stable assurance system of oil ＆ gas supply. The strategic role played by Kozmino Port in Far East Russia and Shanghai oil and gas trading platform in China will be highlighted. Competition and cooperation through market mechanism will help to activate the interactions of resource flow and capital flow in Northeast Asia region, thus can also help energy consuming countries in the region to promote their disclosure power in global pricing system and gradually eliminate the Asian Premium.

A Preliminary Study on Hydrate Anti-agglomerant Applied in Multiphase Flow Pipeline

When new types of hydrate chemical inhibitor （such as hydrate anti-agglomerant） are used in offshore fields, some difficulties will be encountered in the pipe transportation processing design. In view of these difficulties, a horizontal flow experiment pipe loop of transparent polypropylene pipe （25.4 mm inner diameter, 20 m long） was constructed, and some experiments were conducted. The working fluids were the mixed paraffin hydrocarbons, water and condensate oil mixtures obtained from offshore oil field. Analyzing the experimental results and adopting relevant theories of liquid-solid two-phase flow, the computational method of hydrate slurry transportation in pipe was developed. For the operating conditions of a certain multiphase pipeline, by using OLGA software, this method can be used to calculate pressure drop of the multiphase flow pipelines using anti-agglomerant, which can provide support for hydrate anti-agglomerant application.

Test studies of gas flow in rock and coal surrounding a mined coal seam

An analysis of the variation rule of abutment pressure at the mining working face in a single coal seam and the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock during stoping is presented. Consideration of the elastic and plastic deformation zones that develop during the mining process allowed the determination of a relationship between horizontal stress and vertical stress. Based on this, a confined pressure unloading test was conducted by the use of the ＂gas-containing coal tbermo-fluid-solid coupling 3-axis servo seep- age＂ experimental apparatus. Thus, gas flow patterns in the elastic and plastic zones were derived from an experimental point of view. Darcy＇s law and the Klinkenberg effect were used to derive a gas flow equation for the elastic and plastic stress fields. The study of gas flow phenomena at the working face during coal mining is of great importance for the study of gas migration and enrichment patterns.