煤岩有机质演化过程中产油气量物质平衡优化模拟计算

基于物质平衡条件和油气产物特征，提出了用单纯产形优化方法模拟计算煤岩有机质转化过程中油气产量的新方法。应用该方法对煤岩中稳定组、镜质组、丝质组自Ro=0．2％开始向更高变质程度转化过程中的CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10、CO2、H2S、N2、H2、H2O、OIL（油）十种组分的产量进行模拟计算．通过数学分析，确定了各种产物组分的发生率与其转化程度之间的函数关系。与热模拟实验法和蒂索等人提出的热化学动力学计算方法相比，物质平衡代化模拟计算法适用性广．它不仅能够用于煤岩有机母质热演化过程中的油气产量计算，而且能用于其它任何类型的有机母质处于任何因素（如生物化学）作用下的油气产量计算。

基于油气量与电气量数据联合诊断变压器故障

1联合诊断方法的提出 热故障通常为变压器内部局部过热、温度升高。电故障通常指变压器内部在高电场强度作用下,造成绝缘性能下降或劣化。通过油气量分析可灵敏地诊断设备内部的早期故障,实现对内部故障的初步定性,但对故障部位的准确定位和对涉及具有同一气体特征的不同故障容易出现误判;通过电气量分析虽能实现对故障部位的准确定位,但其测试前不能对故障详细定性分析,增大了故障排查难度。

山洞油库地下管沟油气泄漏聚集量的预测研究

在分析山洞油库具体空间结构和狭长受限空间内油气蔓延规律与特性的基础上,分别采用灰色GM(1,1)模型和一元线性回归模型对山洞油库地下管沟中的油气聚集量进行了预测,并应用MATLAB软件对预测模型进行编程以简化数学运算,通过对比分析两种预测模型的预测结果与预测误差可以得出:对山洞油库油气聚集量这种近似呈线性增长的预测对象而言,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型比一元线性回归模型具有更高的预测精度,且可确定油气达到爆炸下限的时间以及反映油气浓度变化的规律,以为山洞油库安全状态评估与决策提供依据。

关于油气聚集量问题

本文提出油气聚集量的含义是指聚集在具有工业价值油气藏内的油气总量;聚集系数为聚集工占排烃量的百分比:排烃系数为生油层排烃有效厚度内的排烃量与有效厚度内已生油量的百分比.讨论了聚集系数与排烃系数之间的关系及其表示方法.指出在勘探早期作资源量预测时,应借用已知区每个生、储油层配置体系为单元的聚集系数,求出其分区聚集量,累加而得到全区总资源量是目前能够相对准确地估算油气聚集量的主要方法.

排油气门限的基本概念、研究意义与应用

排油气门限是源岩在埋深演化过程中，生油气量饱和了自身吸附、水溶、油溶和毛细管封堵等多种形式的存留需要并开始以游离相大量排出的临界地质条件。研究表明，源岩的排油气门限主要随源岩的有机母质丰度（Ｃ／％）、干酪根类型指数（ＫＴＩ）和转化程度（Ｒｏ／％）三者的不同而改变。应用排烃临界地质条件可以建立源岩概念和差别标准；计算源岩排油气量并确定源岩等级评价标准；研究源岩排油、气相态并分析油气运聚成藏机理；划分源岩排油气阶段并建立源岩排油气地质模式。实际应用表明，用排油气门限、排油气量、排油气阶段、排油气地质模式和排油、气窗等替代生烃研究中的相应概念和术语指导油气田勘探更合理，效果更好。

烃气在泥岩和砂岩中的微渗漏特征及油气勘探意义

利用2个小型的烃气微渗漏实验装置,模拟了泥岩和砂岩中烃气微渗漏的变化规律,研究发现测点的烃组分含量达到平衡后则相对稳定,且平衡后的各组分占总烃含量的百分比不受测点烃组分及总烃含量大小的影响,而与测点至烃源的距离有关。这一特征在油气勘探上具有2点启示:一是通过实验模拟或实地测量烃组分的平衡时间,可以计算烃气的微渗漏速率,进而可以根据烃气的微渗漏模式来估算油气藏的散失量;二是通过井中化探或气测录井研究烃组分占总烃含量的百分比在垂向地层中的变化规律,可以预测油气藏的深度。

砂体输导层油气运移速率新模型及其应用

运移速率是控制地质介质中油气等流体运移特征的重要参数,但目前仍未形成统一的速率模型来描述具有典型孔隙介质特征的砂体输导层中油气等流体的非线性渗流规律。基于现有常规的孔隙介质流体运移速率模型,结合油气运移的非线性动力特征,得到了砂体输导层油气运移速率新模型。以准噶尔盆地车排子地区沙湾组等输导层为例,验证了新模型的计算步骤、参数表征以及资源评价应用。研究结果表明,砂体输导层油气运移速率具有极强的非线性动力特征,运移速率随阻力梯度与动力梯度比的增加呈幂律减小,运移速率是动力机制与运聚量之间的关键环节,砂体输导层中油气运聚量受控于运移速率、等效输导通道以及充注时间,研究为砂体输导层中油气运移定量分析和资源潜力评价提供了新思路和方法。

油气回收用疏水性硅胶的研制

为实现油气回收用疏水性硅胶的国产化应用,达到替代活性炭以解决其在使用中可能产生的安全隐患问题,实验室进行疏水性硅胶的合成。通过正交实验确定最优化的疏水硅胶制备工艺为:原料为A型硅胶,改性剂为DCDMS,改性剂与原料质量比为1:20,反应温度30℃,反应时间为2h。在此工艺条件下得到样品的油气静态吸附量为300.5g/kg,疏水性指数I为72.3%。

长庆油田水平井开发成为攻克致密油气藏的“撒手锏”

长庆油田坚持依靠科技进步，突破关键技术，确保致密油气藏效益开发，取得了令人振奋的好成绩。近3年来，长庆油田共完钻油气水平井491171，投产后平均单井日产油气量是直井的3倍以上。

油气回收装置在装车站台上的应用

介绍了装车站台敞口装车的现状,分析了油气挥发对环境、油品质量的影响和油气回收装置在装车站台的应用效果、意义和必要性,以及回收装置目前存在的问题和需要改进的方面;指出油气回收既能减少环境污染.又能创造可观的经济效益。

油气回收装置油气吸附量自动控制技术研究

常规的油气吸附量自动控制技术主要使用原始自动化边缘伴生撬装设施完成油气净化与除油减量,易受大规模冷凝干燥作用冲击影响,导致控制回收抗压率偏低,因此,提出了一种有效的油气回收装置油气吸附量自动控制技术.即计算油气回收装置吸附量,生成油气回收装置油气吸附量自动控制流程,从而实现了油气回收装置油气吸附量自动控制.实验结果表明,设计的油气吸附量自动控制技术的控制回收抗压率较高,控制效果较好,具有可靠性,有一定的应用价值.

吸附法油气回收装置油气吸附量的计量方式

活性炭吸附法是目前国内油库使用最广泛的油气回收技术,而油气吸附量计量是活性炭吸附法油气回收装置切换控制的核心和依据,是确保装置正常工作的前提。介绍了吸附法油气回收装置常见的几种油气吸附量计量方式,包括利用进气流量和浓度计量吸附量,利用进气和排气流量计算吸附量,以及根据鹤管发油信号估算吸附量等方式。阐述了不同计量方式的工作原理、吸附量计算方法以及各自的优缺点,给出了各方法在实际运行中出现的问题和应对的措施。对各种计量方式的综合比较结果表明,通过在油气回收装置进气和排气管道上分别安装超声涡街流量计,能够实现对装置的精确测量和控制,降低成本的同时确保装置的稳定运行。(图3,参10)

超临界CO_2压裂在页岩气开采中的技术研究

随着人们对资源的需求,非常规油气藏——页岩气藏成为未来能源发展的趋势,在开采过程中,研究人员发现,由于超临界CO_2具有扩散性、低黏性及溶解性,因此超临界CO_2能迅速渗透到微孔多孔材料中,从而连通微裂隙网络,渗透到微孔多孔材料中提高油气采收量,在页岩气开采方面具有很大应用潜力。从展望的角度,以超临界CO_2的特性为基础,对超临界二氧化碳的研究历程进行调研,阐述超临界二氧化碳压裂工艺及其增产原理,对超临界CO_2压裂室内实验进行分析、总结,描述CO_2状态变化流程,指出超临界CO_2置换机理,为超临界CO_2压裂技术的研究与应用提供参考。

Identification and quality evaluation of Lepidium meyenii. (Maca) based on gas chromatographic analysis of its essential oils from roots

Lepidium meyeniiWalp. （Maca）, a perennial herbaceous plant with narrow distdbution in the Andean region, was cultivated by local residents as early as 1600 B.C. It has high nutritional values and multiple medicinal effects. In recent years the plant source of Maca has been greatly scarce since Maca products are increasingly becoming popular in the world. This makes the study urgent on the identification and quality evaluation of Maca materials. In present work, four Mace samples of different origins or handlings and three other natural plants, including radish, odental ginseng and American ginseng, were investigated. Their essential oils （steam distillates） of the hypogeal parts were weighed and analyzed by GC/MS. Through comparison of the characteristics of their chromatograms, it was found that the essential oil of Maca had unique GC/MS behaviors, and the characteristic peaks produced by the major essential oil components （Phenylacetonitrile, Benzaldehyde, 3-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile, etc） were distinct. Furthermore, the chromatograms of several Maca samples showed a similar qualitative pattern except for some differences in the quantitative composition, and the percentage of total essential oils in the samples varied from 0.88 % to 1.59 %. These behaviors and technologies can be applied to the identification of Maca materials in the markets and be a supplement to assess the quality of Maca matedals.

用于孔隙度和产层厚度成图的基于井的地震岩性反演

我们把墨西哥湾某油田的测井数据与3D地震数据综合起来,用来估算商业油气量。这是通过使用已取得专利的地震反演方法而完成的,该方法确定了孔隙度和储层厚度的分布并计算了受到地质约束的方差。这些数据与3D AV0分析结合起来使用,用来预测油气的面积延伸和对油田进行经济评价。

Correlation Analysis of Meteorological Factors with Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed

[Objective] The aim was to research relationship of meteorological factors with rapeseed yield and yield components. [Method] A field test was carried out, with meteorological information collected from local Meteorological Administration. The data were then through statistical work and regression analysis was made on correlation of meteorological factors with yield and yield components supported by DPS. [Result] The number of pod per plant is closely related to meteorological fac- tors in seedling stage. Specifically, the number is of positive correlation with precipi- tation in seedling stage and of negative correlation with average temperature and sunshine hour. The number of grain per pod is of positive correlation with precipita- tion in seedling stage and negative correlation with temperature in seedling stage and sunshine hour in anthesis. Thousand-seed weight is of positive correlation with sunshine hour in seedling stage and negative correlation with precipitation in seedling stage. [Conclusion] Moisture of soils should be guaranteed by surface cov- erage in order to promote seedling growth, maintain ventilation in fields and reduce effects of rainfall on rapeseed flowering.

Calculation on inner wall temperature in oil-gas pipe flow

Based on the energy equation of gas-liquid flow in pipeline,the explicit temperature drop formula for gas-liquid steady state calculation was derived.This formula took into consideration the Joule-Thomson effect,impact of terrain undulation and heat transfer with the surroundings along the line.Elimination of temperature iteration loop and integration of the explicit temperature equation,instead of enthalpy energy equation,into the conjugated hydraulic and thermal computation have been found to improve the efficiency of algorithm.Then,the inner wall temperature of gas-liquid flow was calculated by using explicit temperature equation and inner wall convective heat transfer coefficient of mixed flow which can be obtained by liquid convective heat transfer coefficient and gas convective heat transfer coefficient on the basis of liquid holdup.The temperature results of gas-liquid flow and inner wall in the case example presented both agree well with those in professional multiphase computational software OLGA.

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Void Fraction Measurement in Oil-Gas Transportation Pipeline Using an Improved Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

To measure the void fraction online in oil-gas pipeline, an improved electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system has been designed. The capacitance sensor with new structure has twelve internal electrodes and overcomes the influence of the pipe wall. The data collection system is improved by using high performance IC (integrated circuit). Static tests of bubble flow, stratified flow and annular flow regime are carried out. Measurements are taken on bubble flow, stratified flow and slug flow. Results show that the new ECT system performs well on void fraction measurement of bubble flow and stratified flow, but the error of measurement for slug flow is more than 10%.