混合选择对油菜隐性核不育系群体产量及品质性状的改良效应

为了对甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系的产量和品质性状进行改良,应用群体混合选择改良方法对甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系混合群体进行多年适度隔离控制轮回选择田间试验。结果表明:1)对构建的两个甘蓝型油菜核不育系混合群体QTA1(黑籽不育系群体)、QTA2(黄籽不育系群体)进行5代混合轮回选择,选育出的2368A和2392A不育系的产量、含油量、配合力均优于原始不育系,芥酸、硫甙等品质指标均优于国家优质油菜标准,含油量达48.34%和49.79%。2)用2368A和2392A与甘蓝型油菜骨干亲本组配了21个比对照油研50增产5.47%～31.34%的核不育两系组合。结论:混合选择改良方法不仅可以改良甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系的品质和配合力,还可以显著提高其含油量和抗性等。

混合选择对甘蓝型油菜群体产量及品质性状改良效果研究

基于多年适度隔离控制混合群体进行油菜群体的品质和产量性状改良和统计分析,针对人工构建的3个群体QT1(来源于长江流域的油菜品系,含油量大于40%)、QT2(来源于高油分黄籽双低油菜品系,含油量大于44%)和QT3(高油分双低油菜品系,含油量大于43%),经5轮多代的隔离控制混合选择,分析了混合选择群体改良对各油菜群体主要产量及品质性状的改良效应。研究结果表明:油菜产量及品质性状在不同群体及不同轮回间存在真实的遗传差异,主要以单株有效角果数、单株产量、含油量的改良选择效果较好,其遗传增益较大,表明单株有效角果数、单株产量、含油量随选择周期增加呈明显增加趋势,选择效应显著。上述结果表明:应用群体混合选择改良方法可以改善甘蓝型油菜各品系群体的产量性状及品质性状,显著提高改良群体的含油量、油酸、单株有效角果数、单株产量。

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Effect of Cultivation Conditionss on Quality Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on quality parameters of high grade hybrid rapeseed. [Method] By using Youyan 599 and Sanbei 98 as experimental materials, quadratic orthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed for this study. [Result] Erucic acid content was nega- tively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer, positively correlated with plant density. Glucosinolate content was negatively correlated with sowing date, positively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Oil content was negatively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, positively correlated with plant density and potash fertilizer amount. Protein content was positively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, negatively correlated with plant density and potash fer- tilizer amount. Oleic acid content was negatively correlated with phosphate fertilizer amount, positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount. Palmitic acid was nega- tively correlated with potash fertilizer amount, positively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Youyan 599, but negatively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Sanbei 98. Stearic acid content was posi- tively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phos- phate fertilizer amount. Linoleic acid was positively correlated with density and nitroge- nous fertilizer, but negatively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Linolenic acid was positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount. Eicosenoic acid was negatively correlated with sowing date. There were positive cor- relations and negative correlations among cultivation conditions and quality parame- ters, and the positive correlations and negative correlations could counteract each other. Expression of quality parameters for each treatment was the combined effect. Among the 50 pairs of simple correlations of five cultivation factors and ten quality parameters, 26 pairs were consistent between two varieties, 24 pairs of simple corre- lation were not. Sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount showed significant influence on erucic acid of two varieties, but small effect on palmitic acid. [Conclusion] The combined effect of the five cultivation factors could not fundamentally improve the quality traits of high grade hybrid rapeseed.