重力式码头后方回填料漏失情况检测与治理期的安全监测

重力式码头在使用过程中,随着时间的推移往往存在后方回填料漏失情况。本文结合某工程实例,针对该情况提出了相应的检测方法及治理期的安全监测,且在实施过程中,效果显著,旨在为类似工程提供参考。

基于生态足迹的黑河近期治理后评价

以张掖市为例,采用生态足迹法比较分析了黑河近期治理前后的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态足迹多样性和发展能力指数。结果表明,近期治理后遏制了生态承载力下降的趋势,发展均衡性和持续性增强,证明黑河近期治理效果良好。

基于新型光催化氧化的小微黑臭水体治理研究

小微水体被称作江河湖库的"毛细血管",小微黑臭水体治理关系治水成败,传统治理技术面临水质反复、水质提升难、需要清淤、环保性能差、维护不便等问题,该文基于中时间尺度(治理期4个月、维护期9个月)水塘原位现场试验研究,提出了一种治理小微黑臭水体的新型光催化氧化综合治理技术。结果表明,新型光催化氧化综合治理技术能够显著提升黑臭水塘水质,4个月的治理后水体透明度提高79.13%,溶解氧提高5.1倍,氧化还原电位提高1.44倍,COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN和TP分别降低35.75%、69.74%、78.99%和39.47%;至9个月的维护期末,水体透明度提高了9倍,溶解氧提高了4.4倍,氧化还原电位提高了1.66倍,COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN和TP分别降低67.60%、96.93%、90.97%和65.79%。污染负荷削减量分析表明,该技术治理期削减COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP分别为176.72、52.46、78.60和5.53 mg/(m^(3)·d),维护期削减COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP分别为64.55、6.89、4.85和0.47 mg/(m^(3)·d)。表明新型光催化氧化综合治理技术不需要清淤即可实现原位修复,能量来源为自然光能,且通过集成石墨烯光催化网、生物填料、生态浮床、水下森林构建技术培育适宜于小微水体长效维持的水生态健康系统,可实现黑臭水体水质达到地表水Ⅴ类及以上,治理环保、维护简便。该技术可用于原位环保消除小型相对封闭水体的黑臭并实现水质稳定提升。

基于FBR生物循环床的小微黑臭水体治理研究

小微黑臭水体治理面临水质反复、水质提升难、维护不便等问题,该文提出了一种新的治理小微黑臭水体的FBR生物循环床综合治理技术。水塘现场试验研究表明,3个月的治理期后水体透明度提高了1.6倍,溶解氧提高了92.02%,NH_(3)-N升高了23.81%,COD、TN和TP分别降低了61.11%、60.92%、81.25%;8个月的维护期后水体透明度提高了1.5倍,溶解氧提高了72.57%,COD、NH_(3)-N、TN和TP分别降低了68.68%、52.38%、61.72%和75%。该技术治理期削减COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP分别为1428.32、7.86、144.95和6.33 mg/(m^(3)·d),维护期削减COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP分别为1173.42、7.75、120.00和4.54 mg/(m^(3)·d)。治理期后水塘溶解氧、COD、NH_(3)-N、TP提升至地表水Ⅲ类及以上,维护期后主要水质指标提升至地表水Ⅱ类及以上,但TN维持在地表水Ⅴ类,TN是制约水质提升的主要因素。FBR生物循环床综合治理技术能消除小微水体黑臭,使水质稳定提升至地表水Ⅴ类及以上,维护简便,可用于消除粤港澳大湾区小型相对封闭水体的黑臭并实现水质稳定提升。

下行通风技术在综放工作面撤面期间的应用

汪家寨煤矿在综放工作面撤面期间采用下行通风方式治理瓦斯。介绍了治理方案及方案的实施和效果。该方案有效地解决了工作面及回撤架子路线巷道内的瓦斯超限问题。

老年人食管癌的手术与围手术期治疗

目的 分析老年人食管癌的临床特点及手术和围手术期治疗的重要性。方法 回顾性分析 1996年 2月至 2 0 0 1年 8月经外科治疗的 60岁以上食管癌 98例临床资料。结果 术前的合并症 5 3 1% ,以心血管、呼吸系统为主 ,手术切除率 91 8% ,术后并发症 40 8% ,大多数与术前合并症有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,手术死亡率 1 0 %。术后 1年、3年、5年生存率分别为 86 7%、5 2 0 %、16 2 %。未切除肿瘤者 1年生存率为 0。结论 老年人食管癌症状较轻 ,肿瘤发展相对缓慢 ,应争取外科治疗 ,但处理好围手术期并发症是手术成功的关键。

乌达煤田煤层自燃动态变化和产生原因

通过对乌达煤田煤火燃烧历史和燃烧面积的动态变化分析,划分出了煤火产生和治理的四个阶段:1961～1980年,煤炭开采遗留煤井下自燃为主阶段;1980～2006年,小煤窑滥采和忽视煤火治理导致煤火蔓延阶段;2006～2009年,煤火不恰当治理导致再生煤火,煤火更加扩张阶段,和2009年至目前的再次煤火治理取得突破性进展的阶段。在此基础上,探讨了煤火产生的四大原因:开采遗留煤和煤柱煤自然氧化,瓦斯爆炸着火,小煤窑开采引发煤火和煤火治理期发生再生煤火。这一研究对乌达煤田的煤火治理及其对其他矿区的火灾治理提供了参考或借鉴。

基于AHP物元可拓模型的黑河中游生态影响后评价

针对黑河近期治理造成黑河中游用水量逐年减少的问题,运用AHP物元可拓模型,结合调查资料,综合评价了黑河近期治理对中游生态造成的影响。结果表明,黑河近期治理对中游生态影响有利,仅局部改善了当地生态环境。

Second-line therapy for gemcitabine-pretreated advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer

AIM： To investigate second-line chemotherapy in gemcitabine-pretreated patients with advanced or metastat- ic pancreatic cancer [（frequency, response, outcome, course of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA 19-9）].METHODS： This retrospective study included all patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer （adenocarcinoma or carcinoma） treated with secondline chemotherapy in our center between 2000 and 2008. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine, and prior surgery or radiotherapy was permitted. We analyzed each chemotherapy protocol for second-line treatment, the number of cycles and the type of combination used. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, response rate, grade 3-4 toxicity, dosage modifications and CA 19-9 course.a second-line therapy among 206 patients who had initially received first-line treatment with a gemcitabi- ne-based regimen. Median number of cycles was 4 （range： 1-12） and the median duration of treatment was 2.6 mo （range： 0.3-7.4）. The overall disease control rate was 40.0%. The median overall survival and progression-free survival from the start of second-line therapy were 5.8 （95% CI： 4.1-6.6） and 3.4 mo （95% CI： 2.4-4.2）, respectively. Toxicity was generally acceptable. Median overall survival of patients with a CA 19-9 level declining by more than 20% was 10.3 mo （95% CI： 4.5-11.6） vs 5.2 mo （95% CI： 4.0-6.4） for others （P = 0.008）.CONCLUSION： A large proportion of patients could benefit from second-line therapy, and CA 19-9 allows efficient treatment monitoring both in first and secondline chemotherapy.

Do probiotics have a therapeutic role in gastroenterology?

Several hundred species of bacteria inhabit the gut, and affect its cell biology, morphology and homeostasis. Many bacteria are however potential pathogens, especially if the integrity of the epithelial barrier is physically or functionally breached. Conversely, the interaction between host and commensal microbes can confer important health benefits. This has led to commercial and public interest in ＇probiotics＇, live microbes principally taken as food supplements. Might probiotics also be used in disease therapy？ Experimental evidence that probiotics modulate gut physiology, particularly barrier integrity and immunological function, underpins exciting new gastroenterological research. We discuss below the scientific basis for probiotic effects and present a critical perspective for their use in relation to gastrointestinal disease.

Upgrading the definition of early gastric cancer: better staging means more appropriate treatment

Since Murakami defined early gastric cancer(EGC) as a "carcinoma limited to the gastric mucosa and/or submucosa regardless of the lymph node status", several authors have focused on the most influential histopathological parameters for predicting the development of lymph node metastases by considering the lymph node status as an important prognostic factor. A few authors have also considered the depth of invasion as one of the keys to explaining the existence of subgroups of patients affected by EGC with poor prognoses. In any case, EGC is still considered an initial phase of tumor progression with good prognosis. The introduction of modern endoscopic devices has allowed a precise diagnosis of early lesions, which can lead to improved definitions of tumors that can be radically treated with endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). Given the widespread use of these techniques, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association( JGCA) identified in 2011 the standard criteria that should exclude the presence of lymph node metastases. At that time, EGCs with nodal involvement should have been asserted as no longer fitting the definition of an early tumor. Some authors have also demonstrated that the morphological growth pattern of a tumor, according to Kodama's classification, is one of the most important prognostic factors, thereby suggesting the need to report it in histopathological drafts. Notwithstanding the acquired knowledge regarding the clinical behavior of EGC, Murakami's definition is still being used. This definition needs to be upgraded according to the modern staging of the disease so that the appropriate treatment would be selected.

Comprehensive treatment of advanced primary live cancer with intraperitoneal chemotherapy or in combination with other therapies:therapeutic observation of 72 cases

Objective： To evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy or in combination with other therapies in patients with advanced primary liver cancer. Methods： 72 patients with advanced primary liver cancer with no indication for surgery received intraperitoneal chemotherapy in combination with other therapies including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE）, radiofrequency catheter ablation （RFA）, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy （PELT） and radiotherapy. Of them, 29 cases were complicated with hilar or retroperitoneal multiple lymph node metastases, 14 with portal vein embolus, 15 with intrapedtoneal and diaphragmatic metastases, 6 with chylous ascites, one with cancerous ascites, and 7 with suspected cancerous ascites （referring to large amounts of ascites without hypoproteinemia while exfoliative cytology of the ascites was positive）. The mean maximum tumor size was 8.2 cm in diameter. Liver function at the initial treatment was Child A in 53 cases, and Child B in 19 cases. I ntrapedtoneal chemotherapy was performed in all these patients. The intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocols included： 5-FU 0.5-0.75 g/d for 10-15 consecutive days, with a total dosage of 5-12.5 g, and at the last day of chemotherapy 10 mg mitomycin （MMC） or 100 mg carboplatin was injected. For 7 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, Gemzar 800-1000 mg was administered additionally. A majority of all these patients received another one or two therapy methods followed by intraperitoneal chemotherapy. TACE was performed in the patients with multiple tumors or nodule more than 5 cm in diameter in the liver, RFA or PElT with nodule fewer than 4 in number and 5 cm or less than 5 cm in diameter and radiotherapy, only for metastases, with metastatic lymph nodes, localized metastasis within the abdominal cavity or portal vein embolus. Interval time between two methods was one month or so. Two months after the sequential therapy, repeated treatment would be given if general medical condition and liver function were perfect at that time. Results： The median survival time of the group was 13.97 ± 6.27 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 59.7% and 30.6% respectively. The mean survival time of the patients with liver function Child A was 15.91 ± 5.49 months, and that of the patients with Child B was 8.55 ± 5.09 months. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Intraperitoneal chemotherapy or in combination with other therapies in patients with advanced primary liver cancer with metastases to abdominal cavity is an effective method. It can prolong the survival time and improve life quality for a certain percentage of patients with advanced pnmary liver cancer.

Quality of life and palliative care needs of elderly patients with advanced heart failure

Objective To examine the quality of life and palliative care needs of elderly patients with advanced heart failure （HF）. Methods This was a correlation descriptive study conducted at a 650-bed sub-acute hospital. Patients who were aged 65 or over, diagnosed with HF of New York Heart Association Class III or IV symptoms, and mentally sound were eligible to the study. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, the overall quality of life single item scale, and the McQill Quality of Life Questionnaire （MQoL）, were used for measurement. Multi- ple regression analysis was performed to determine factors for predicting quality of life. Results A convenience sample of 112 patients was recruited. Their age was 81.5 ± 8.5 years. The three most distressing symptoms reported by the patients were tiredness （5.96 ± 2.78）, drowsiness （5.47± 2.93）, and shortness of breath （5.34 ± 2.96）. Their mean overall quality of life single item scale score was 4.72 ± 2.06 out of 10. The mean MQoL physical subscale score was the lowest （4.20 ± 1.767）, whereas their mean psychological subscale was the highest （7.14 ±2.39）. However, in a multivariate analysis model, quality of life was significantly associated with existential wellbeing, physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing and educational level. Conclusions The findings highlight that spiritual concerns are significant palliative care needs among elderly patients with advanced HF, in addition to symptom management. This is in line with the argument that palliative care that places great emphasis on holistic care should be integrated to the care of this group of patients.

Steroid-sparing strategies in the management of ulcerative colitis:Efficacy of leukocytapheresis

Active ulcerative colitis （UC） is frequently associated with infiltration of a large number of leukocytes into the bowel mucosa. Leukocytapheresis is a novel nonphar- macologic approach for active UC, in which leukocytes are mechanically removed from the circulatory system. Current data indicate that leukocytapheresis is effica- cious in improving response and remission rates with excellent tolerability and safety in patients with UC. Corticosteroid therapy remains a mainstay in the treat- ment of active UC, however, long-term, high doses of corticosteroids usually produce predictable and po- tentially serious side effects. If leukocytapheresis can spare patients from exposure to corticosteroids, the risk of steroid-induced adverse events should be mini- mized. This may be of great benefit to patients because severe side effects of steroids seriously impair health- related quality of life. In this article, we reviewed cur- rent evidence on whether leukocytapheresis can avoid or reduce the use of corticosteroids in the manage- ment of patients with UC. Several studies have shown that leukocytapheresis was effective for steroid-nafve patients with active UC. Furthermore, both short-term and long-term studies have demonstrated the steroid- sparing effects of leukocytapheresis therapy in patients with UC. Although the evidence level is not striking, theavailable data suggest that leukocytapheresis can avoid or reduce the use of corticosteroids in the management of UC. Large, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to more accurately evaluate the steroid-sparing effects of leukocytapheresis in the management of UC.

Targeting host factors:A novel rationale for the management of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C is recognized as a major threat to global public health. The current treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C is the addition of ribavirin to interferon-based therapy which has limited efficacy, poor tolerability, and significant expense. New treatment options that are more potent and less toxic are much needed. Moreover, more effective treatment is an urgent priority for those who relapse or do not respond to current regimens. A major obstacle in combating hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection is that the fidelity of the viral replication machinery is notoriously low, thus enabling the virus to quickly develop mutations that resist compounds targeting viral enzymes. Therefore, an approach targeting the host cofactors, which are indispensable for the propagation of viruses, may be an ideal target for the development of antiviral agents because they have a lower rate of mutation than that of the viral genome, as long as they have no side effects to patients. Drugs targeting, for example, receptors of viral entry, host metabolism or nuclear receptors, which are factors required to complete the HCV life cycle, may be more effective in combating the viral infection. Targeting host cofactors of the HCV life cycle is an attractive concept because it imposes a higher genetic barrier for resistance than direct antiviral compounds. However the principle drawback of this strategy is the greater potential for cellular toxicity.

Do Small Family Firms Outperform Non-family Firms？ A Research Agenda Based on Agency and Stewardship Theories＊

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family involvement and altruism on agency costs of equity and debt, as well on the performance of small family businesses. To achieve this objective, the authors reviewed the literature on family business. Drawing from agency theory and stewardship theory, the authors also proposed a research model that highlights the links among the variables. In so doing, this paper makes some contributions to the literature in three ways. Firstly, it takes an integrative framework that may help to explain behaviors oriented towards maximizing potential performance within a context in which pro-organizational attitudes co-exist with self-serving motivations. Secondly, it advances the understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in small family businesses, and finally, it deepens the discussion of prior research by advancing a set of propositions based on two theoretical approaches. Thus, the authors believe that a systematic comparison of different contexts provides new insights into small family business governance. The implications and directions for future research are in the last section.

Temporary Dysarthria Induced by Irinotecan-Case Report of This Rare Adverse Event

This report describes the case of a patient with dysarthria during the administration of the third cycle of Folfu＇i for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer. After a thorough neurological examination and neuroimaging, structural causes were excluded and thus the dysarthria was attributed to the irinotecan infusion. A slowing down of the infusion rate to 180 min during the 15 subsequent cycles led to the cessation of the episodes of dysarthria. In 2016, it was estimated there will be 134,490 new cases of colorectal cancer with a five-year survival rate of 21% among patients with metastatic disease. As Irinotecan is often part of the therapeutic regimen in such cases, both in the first and second-line setting, there is a need to report rare adverse outcomes in order to fmd out ways to better manage of these events. The mechanism by which Irinotecan causes dysarthria is unknown and further research in this area is warranted.

Economic or Geopolitical？ Explaining the Motives and Expectations of the Eurasian Economic Union＇s Member States

The essay proceeds from the assumptions that for a economic/political integration group to succeed, first, its participants＇ motives should ideally be as alike as possible and not oppose one another and, second, their expectations from inte- gration should correspond to the organisation＇s capabilities. In light of these assumptions, the study endeavours to assess the Eurasian Economic Union＇s （EAEU） potential for stability and development. First, the author analyses the key motives that were driving its member states＇ decisions to enter the organisation, compares them with one another and discusses how the countries＇ motives influence their conduct in the union. Second, the author confronts those motives against the EAEU＇s activities and the general logic of interstate politics on the post-Soviet space to reckon up whether the bloc＇s capabilities fit with the expectations of its member countries. Finally, based on that discussion, the author speculates on how the divergence/convergence of EAEU member states＇ goals, as well as the （in-） feasibility of their expectations, affect the organisation＇s development.

Geometric approach to the stability analysis of the periodic solution in a semi-continuous dynamic system

Integrated pest management （IPM） is a long-term management strategy and has been proved to be more effective in pest control. To well-understand the mechanism and effect of the action of IPM, the geometric theory of the involved semi-continuous dynamic systems is becoming more and more important. In this work, a geometric approach is applied to analyze the stability of the positive order-one periodic solution in semi-continuous dynamic systems. A stability criterion to test the stability of the order-one periodic solution is established. As an application, a stage-structure model involved chemical control is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method. The sufficient conditions to insure the existence of the periodic solution are provided. In addition, the number and the stability of the periodic solutions are discussed accordingly. The simulations are carried out to verify the results.

Optimal treatment strategy of an avian influenza model with latency

Avian influenza, caused by influenza A viruses, has received worldwide attention over recent years. In this study, we formulate a mathematical model for avian influenza that includes human human transmission and incorporates the effects of infection latency and treatments. We investigate the essential dynamics of the model through an equilibrium analysis. Meanwhile, we explore effective treatment strategies to control avian influenza outbreaks using optimal control theory. Our results show that strategically deployed medical treatments can significantly reduce the numbers of exposed and infection persons.