中医药抗肝纤维化的治疗学研究进展

肝纤维化是肝脏疾病的常见并发症,具有易复发性和难治性等特点,严重威胁人类健康。中医药因其独特的药理作用和治疗特点,在治疗肝纤维化方面成为了新研究方向。中医药治疗肝纤维化通过草药复方可改善患者肝功能和抗氧化能力,降低肝内炎症和纤维化等。某些中药如黄芪、枸杞子、山楂等已经被证明具有抗肝纤维化的功效,其作用机制包括调节免疫功能、抗氧化应激和抗纤维化等。这些中医药可以改善血液循环,促进组织修复和代谢,从而减轻肝脏和全身病理反应。总的来说,中医药在抗肝纤维化的研究和治疗方面取得了显著的进展。本文对中医药抗肝纤维化的治疗学研究进展进行综述,结合实验和临床研究的最新成果,总结中医药治疗肝纤维化的优势和不足,并提出了未来研究方向。

Low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma:Treatment strategies based on 10 year follow-up

AIM:To deduce strategic guidelines of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTOMA) by evaluating the long-term outcome of patients in respect to various treatment modalities. METHODS:A total of 55 patients with MALTOMA from May 1992 to August 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS:Complete remission was obtained in 24 (82.8%) of 29 patients treated with anti Helicobacter pylori (Hpylori) regimen only.The duration to reach complete remission was 12 months (85 percentile,2-33 months).Five patients showed complete remission with radiation therapy (26-86 months).Two of them were Hpyloritreatment failure cases. CONCLUSION:Hpylorieradication is an effective primary treatment option for low grade MALTOMA and radiation therapy could be considered in patients with no evidence of Hpyloriinfection or who do not respond to Hpylorieradication therapy 12 months after successful eradication.

Successful photodynamic therapy for biliary papillomatosis:A case report

Papillomatosis of the bile duct is a rare disease with a high risk of malignant transformation. Therapeutical options include partial hepatectomy and liver trans- plantation. A previously healthy 65-years old male developed jaundice and right upper abdominal quadrant pain in 1996. A villous adenoma of the distal bile duct was diagnosed. A Whipple procedure was performed. In 2002 the patient turned symptomatic again. An- other adenoma was found in the right hepatic duct resulting in a right hepatectomy. Two years later the patient again developed cholestasis. Alter drainage of the left hepatic duct with a percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage （PTCD） catheter, a recurrent biliary adenomatosis was diagnosed by cholangioscopy. As there was no surgical option left, the patient received photodynamic therapy （PDT） for the recurrent biliary papillomatosis. Three mo alter he received further photodynamic therapies, the bile duct epithelium appeared normal and the patient had no signs of adenomatosis, both macroscopically and histologically. The follow-up cholangioscopy in late 2005 revealed only a small papil-loma without the need for intervention. In early 2006, the patient died of multi organ failure without signs of extrahepatic cholestasis or cholangitis at the age of 75, 10 years after the diagnosis of biliary papillomatosis was established. The patient exceeded the average life expectancy of patients with biliary papillomatosis by far. Thus, PDT might be a sufficient therapeutic option for recurrent papillomatosis patients with no significant side effects.

An innovative approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands in development of alternative therapeutic interventions

Alzheimer＇s disease is a multifactorial pathology, for which no cure is currently available. Nowadays, researchers are moving towards a new hypothesis of the onset of the illness, linking it to a metabolic impairment, q-his innovative approach will lead to the identification of new targets for the preparation of new effective drugs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands are the ideal candidates to reach the necessary breakthrough to defeat this complicate disease.

Preoperative diagnosis of colonic angiolipoma: A case report

Angiolipoma, a common benign tumor mostly seen in the subcutaneous tissue, is a rare pathological condition in the gastrointestinal tract that is usually diagnosed postoperatively. In this case report, an angiolipoma was diagnosed preoperatively by imaging （including CT scans, abdominal echo, barium enema, and colonoscopy）. This pathology was confirmed postoperatively. Computed tomography scan, abdominal echo, and barium enema images were presented.

Science news release and its benefi ts to your research

News release to the latest science f indings is benef icial to both researchers and their served institutions as well as the public. It will help to set a bridge of communication between researchers, the public and media, and publishers, making the latest research findings well known to the public. World Journal of Gastroenterology has currently freely opened the News Release Service System (WJG-NRSS) for original articles with potential signifi cance and novelty for news release to mass media to broaden the f indings to the public.

Surgical treatment of anal stenosis

Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of studies relevant to the management of anal stenosis was undertaken. The etiology, pathophysiology and classification of anal stenosis were reviewed. An overview of surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options was developed. Ninety percent of anal stenosis is caused by overzealous hemorrhoidectomy. Treatment, both medical and surgical, should be modulated based on stenosis severity. Mild stenosis can be managed conservatively with stool softeners or fiber supplements. Sphincterotomy may be quite adequate for a patient with a mild degree of narrowing. For more severe stenosis, a formal anoplasty should be performed to treat the loss of anal canal tissue. Anal stenosis may be anatomic or functional. Anal stricture is most often a preventable complication. Many techniques have been used for the treatment of anal stenosis with variable healing rates. It is extremely difficult to interpret the results of the various anoplastic procedures described in the literature as prospective trials have not been performed. However, almost any approach will at least improve patient symptoms.

An Experimental Investigation on Rheological Properties of Aqueous Xanthan Gum as a Blood Analog Fluid

Developing a shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid to substitute blood is desirable in studies of biomedicine engineering since blood is a shear thinning nonNewtonian fluid that exhibits both viscous and elastic properties, and generally not available in large volume. The rheological properties of aqueous Xanthan gum with different concentrations and temperatures were studied in present paper. The resuits show that aqueous Xanthan gum is a non-Newtonian fluid which displays remarkable shear thinning behaviour and is a suitable blood analog fluid. There is a power law distribution relationship between shear stress and shear rate, and the higher the solution concentration is, the more strongly it displays shear thinning behaviours. Viscosity values of aqueous Xanthan gum increase with the solution temperature decrease or with the solution concentration increase in linearity. Moreover at the temperature of 37℃, aqueous Xanthan gum with concentration of 0.4%e and 0.6%0 matches human blood best in rheological properties. According to the resuits, the viscosity expression varied with temperature and concentrition is obtained, and the stability of Xanthan gum solution is discussed.

Thoughts about the origin of cancer

Based upon historical and scientific perspectives in oncology, this review article summarizes the most important theories about the point of origin of cancer. Thoughts about the origin of cancer would offer one of the best hopes for the control and future cure of cancers.

REPEATED RECURRENCE OF OSTEOSARCOMA TREATED BY RESECTIONS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

This paper presents 5 patients with repeated recurrence of osteosarcoma (RROS). The primary focus of 3 patients were in the distal portion of femur, and 2 patients were in the proximal Portion of tibia. Three patients, whose chest X ray film were negative, were treated by amputation and chemotherapy. Two patients had isolated metastatic focus l. 5 cm in diameter in lung, were treated by amputation after 1 week of chemotherapy and then treated by lobectomy after 2 weeks of chemotherapy. After operation, the chemotherapy was carried out for 3 courses of treatment. The roentgenogram of chest and affected limb were taken once every two months. There were metastatic focuses found in the lung of 1 patient and in the distal portion of femur of 2 patients. One patient was operated on for 4 times. UP to now, 3 patients have been living for 5 yeara and 2 patients for 6 years after operation.

Recent advances in hepatitis C virus research and understanding the biology of the virus

Since the identification of hepatitis C virus （HCV） genome in 1989m, a lot of progresses have been done about the understanding of HCV biology, natural history and therapeutic options. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae viral family. Its genome is a positive simple strand RNA molecule which shows significant genetic variability. The HCV nomenclature has been recently re-examined by an international group of scientific experts in the field of HCV genetic variability or involved in HCV data base.

Recent advancements in 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy

Since mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004, unprecedented scientific and technological advances have been achieved in the development of two-dimensional(2 D) nanomaterials. These 2 D nanomaterials exhibit various unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties on account of their ultrathin thickness, which are highly desirable for many applications such as catalysis, optoelectronics, energy storage/conversion, as well as disease diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the design and fabrication of functional 2 D nanomaterials capable of being applied for the cancer treatment including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. Their anticancer mechanisms were discussed in detail, and the related safety concerns were analyzed based on current research developments. This review is expected to provide an insight in the field of 2 D nanostructured materials for anticancer applications.

Does acupuncture have a positive effect on school success in children?

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate school success in pediatric patients undergoing acupuncture treatment for variousindications.METHODS: The grades achieved during both school terms by children undergoing acupuncture treatment for various indications at the pediatric out patient clinic of Ulus State Hospital were analyzed. Exam grades in mathematics, social studies,and Turkish was compared between the first and the second terms. Forty children were included in thestudy,with 22 male and 18 female,and their average age was 11.1 years. These patients were undergoing acupuncture treatment for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), enuresis nocturna, migraine, obesity, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and Tourette's syndrome. Treatments were done at the beginning of the second term. Four of the 25 patients with ADHD had borderline intelligence quotients.The report cards of all 40 patients were examined, and their grades in the first and these condschool term were compared.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the grades obtained in mathematics, social studies, and Turkish(P<0.005) by the students from the first to the second school term. When 4 ADHD patients with borderline deficiency in intelligence were excluded, and the grades among the 21 patients with ADHD were compared for both terms, there was also a statistically significant increase in mathematics, social studies, and Turkish grades(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Acupuncture contributed to the academic success of the children who under went acupuncture treatment for their primary symptoms.

Role of antibiotic therapy in bacterial disease：A mathematical study

Pathogenic bacteria in human system mature through the bin-synthesis of protective layer known as cell wall. This bacterial cell wall growth occurs in the presence of enzyme released by it. After maturation by the cell wall formation, pathogenic bacteria become harmful for human body as they are responsible for different diseases. Antibiotics or drugs are employed for curing bacterial diseases through the inhibition of this maturation process and it occurs by the binding progression of antibiotics with the released enzyme. But nowadays, drugs or antibiotics like β-lactum family （Amoxcillin） which are generally used for inhibition of bin-synthesis of cell wall become ineffective due to evolution of antibiotic resistance by the bacteria. Antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth. As a result, the bacteria becomes ＂resistant＂ and continue to multiply for the generation of robust pathogenic bacteria in spite of drug administration. This is due to the release of another type of enzyme by the resistant bacteria which binds with the active antibiotic or drug making it ineffective. Hence, another type of drug （Clauvanic acid） is combined to resist the activity of drug hydrolyzing enzyme so that the initial drug can act effectively. Hence a combination of drug therapy is applied to cure the bacterial diseases successfully. We developed a mathematical model based on the bacterial enzyme and bacterial cell wall proliferation mechanism and showed how we can reduce the bacterial infection in the resistant cases with application of combination drugs （Amoxcillin and Clauvanic acid） to restore normal health. Based on the enzymatic activity and individual drug dynamics we studied the overall system under the single drug and combinational drug administra- tion through our formulated model analysis. We also demonstrated the different dosing time interval and dosing concentration to evaluate the optimized drug administration for arresting the cell wall formation completely. Sensitivity of the different kinetic rate constant also has been performed with subject to drug hydrolyzing enzyme. Our analytical and numerical studies also confirm the efficiency of the combinational drug treatment compared to single drug treatment being more effective in drug resistant cases providing recovery from bacterial disease.