AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective char...AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia; two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed. Demographics, HCV risk factors, and other risk exposure information were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed. Providers documented histories of injection drug use (IDU) and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients, respectively. Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested for HCV. Overall, minorities were more likely to have information regarding a risk factor documented than their white counterparts (79% vs 68%, P < 0.0001). Hispanics were less likely to have a risk factor history documented, compared to blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Overall, minorities were less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor (23% vs 35%, P = 0.004). Among patients without documentation of risk factors, blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be tested than whites (20% and 24%, vs 13%, P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: (1) Documentation of an HCV risk factor history in urban primary care is uncommon, (2)Racial differences exist with respect to HCV risk factor ascertainment and testing, (3) Minority patients, positive for HCV, are less likely to be referred for subspecialty care and treatment. Overall, minorities are less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B virus(CHB) is currently treated with either interferon-based or nucleot(s)idebased antiviral therapies.However,treatment with pegylated interferon alpha results in a durable antiviral response in o...Chronic hepatitis B virus(CHB) is currently treated with either interferon-based or nucleot(s)idebased antiviral therapies.However,treatment with pegylated interferon alpha results in a durable antiviral response in only about 30%patients and is associated with side effects.Most patients receiving nucleot(s)ide analogue treatment do not establish long-term,durable control of Infection and have rebounding viremia after cessation of therapy.Thus,novel therapy strategies are necessary to achieve the induction of potent and durable antiviral immune responses of the patients which can maintain long-term control of viral replication.Therapeutic vaccination of HBV carriers is a promising strategy for the control of hepatitis B.Here the authors review new therapeutic vaccination strategies to treat chronic hepatitis B which may be introduced for patient treatment in the future.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the classification and severity of Crohn＇s disease in different racial groups. METHODS： Patients with Crohn＇s disease from the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos were...AIM： To evaluate the classification and severity of Crohn＇s disease in different racial groups. METHODS： Patients with Crohn＇s disease from the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos were enrolled in the study. This hospital is a reference centre for inflammatory bowel disease. Race was determined using self-identification. The Vienna＇s classification was applied for all subjects. The severity of Crohn＇s disease was determined according to the number of surgical procedures, hospital admissions in the last year and treatment with steroids and immunosuppressors. Statistical analysis was calculated using t test for means,χ^2 or F for proportions. A P value 〈 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS： Sixty-five patients were enrolled. Non-white patients were more frequently diagnosed with Crohn＇s disease in the age less than 40 years than white patients. The behaviour of disease was similar in both groups with a high frequency of the penetrating form. There was a tendency for non-white patients to have a greater frequency of hospital admissions in the last year compared to white subjects. Non-whites also had a higher rate of colonic and upper gastrointestinal involvement, and were also more frequently on treatment with immunossupressors than white patients although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION： Non-white patients with Crohn＇s disease had an earlier diagnosis and appeared to have had a more severe disease Dresentation than white patients.展开更多
Objective To compare the difference of effect while using homograt pericardium patch and Gore-rex patch in staged complete repair for Tetralogy of Fallot （TOF） to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT）...Objective To compare the difference of effect while using homograt pericardium patch and Gore-rex patch in staged complete repair for Tetralogy of Fallot （TOF） to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT）. Methods Twenty-eight patients with TOF underwent the staged complete repair. Gore-rex patches were used to enlarge the RVOT of 13 patients, and cryopreserved homograft pericardium patches were used to enlarge the RVOT of 15 patients. The patients were followed up with 2-dimensional echocardiography and chest x-ray. Results One operative death in Gore-rex patch group, the mortality was 7. 7% ; 1 early postoperative death in cryopreserved homograft pericardium patch group, the mortality was 6. 7%. Between 2 groups, hemostasia time in operation room with significant difference （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, pericardial cavity drainage volume with difference （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Gore-rex patch group was followed up 2 to 4.5 years, homograft pericardium patch group was followed up 0. 8 to 2.1 years. Echocardiography showed that there was significant difference of the residual obstruction at RVOT level （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. No calcification shadow was discovered on the chest x-ray of both groups. Conclusion Homograft pericardium is tissue with high density and intensity, its elasticity and compliance are good. Using homograft pericardium patch maybe helpful to decrease the residual obstruction of RVOT after operation. It can be adapted as a repairing material in cardiac surgery.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia; two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed. Demographics, HCV risk factors, and other risk exposure information were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed. Providers documented histories of injection drug use (IDU) and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients, respectively. Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested for HCV. Overall, minorities were more likely to have information regarding a risk factor documented than their white counterparts (79% vs 68%, P < 0.0001). Hispanics were less likely to have a risk factor history documented, compared to blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Overall, minorities were less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor (23% vs 35%, P = 0.004). Among patients without documentation of risk factors, blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be tested than whites (20% and 24%, vs 13%, P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: (1) Documentation of an HCV risk factor history in urban primary care is uncommon, (2)Racial differences exist with respect to HCV risk factor ascertainment and testing, (3) Minority patients, positive for HCV, are less likely to be referred for subspecialty care and treatment. Overall, minorities are less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor.
基金the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(TRR60 and GK 1045/2)National Major Science and Technology Project for Infectious Diseases of China(2008ZX10002-011,2012ZX10004503)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30271170,30571646,81101248)the International Science&Technology CooperationProgram of China(2011DFA31030)for supporting some of the work in the review
文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus(CHB) is currently treated with either interferon-based or nucleot(s)idebased antiviral therapies.However,treatment with pegylated interferon alpha results in a durable antiviral response in only about 30%patients and is associated with side effects.Most patients receiving nucleot(s)ide analogue treatment do not establish long-term,durable control of Infection and have rebounding viremia after cessation of therapy.Thus,novel therapy strategies are necessary to achieve the induction of potent and durable antiviral immune responses of the patients which can maintain long-term control of viral replication.Therapeutic vaccination of HBV carriers is a promising strategy for the control of hepatitis B.Here the authors review new therapeutic vaccination strategies to treat chronic hepatitis B which may be introduced for patient treatment in the future.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the classification and severity of Crohn＇s disease in different racial groups. METHODS： Patients with Crohn＇s disease from the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos were enrolled in the study. This hospital is a reference centre for inflammatory bowel disease. Race was determined using self-identification. The Vienna＇s classification was applied for all subjects. The severity of Crohn＇s disease was determined according to the number of surgical procedures, hospital admissions in the last year and treatment with steroids and immunosuppressors. Statistical analysis was calculated using t test for means,χ^2 or F for proportions. A P value 〈 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS： Sixty-five patients were enrolled. Non-white patients were more frequently diagnosed with Crohn＇s disease in the age less than 40 years than white patients. The behaviour of disease was similar in both groups with a high frequency of the penetrating form. There was a tendency for non-white patients to have a greater frequency of hospital admissions in the last year compared to white subjects. Non-whites also had a higher rate of colonic and upper gastrointestinal involvement, and were also more frequently on treatment with immunossupressors than white patients although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION： Non-white patients with Crohn＇s disease had an earlier diagnosis and appeared to have had a more severe disease Dresentation than white patients.
文摘Objective To compare the difference of effect while using homograt pericardium patch and Gore-rex patch in staged complete repair for Tetralogy of Fallot （TOF） to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT）. Methods Twenty-eight patients with TOF underwent the staged complete repair. Gore-rex patches were used to enlarge the RVOT of 13 patients, and cryopreserved homograft pericardium patches were used to enlarge the RVOT of 15 patients. The patients were followed up with 2-dimensional echocardiography and chest x-ray. Results One operative death in Gore-rex patch group, the mortality was 7. 7% ; 1 early postoperative death in cryopreserved homograft pericardium patch group, the mortality was 6. 7%. Between 2 groups, hemostasia time in operation room with significant difference （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, pericardial cavity drainage volume with difference （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Gore-rex patch group was followed up 2 to 4.5 years, homograft pericardium patch group was followed up 0. 8 to 2.1 years. Echocardiography showed that there was significant difference of the residual obstruction at RVOT level （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. No calcification shadow was discovered on the chest x-ray of both groups. Conclusion Homograft pericardium is tissue with high density and intensity, its elasticity and compliance are good. Using homograft pericardium patch maybe helpful to decrease the residual obstruction of RVOT after operation. It can be adapted as a repairing material in cardiac surgery.
