Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare sex differences among referrals for evaluation of poor growth.Study design: This study was based on chart reviews of all new-patient encounters at Children’s Hos...Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare sex differences among referrals for evaluation of poor growth.Study design: This study was based on chart reviews of all new-patient encounters at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Diagnostic and Research Growth Center for short stature or poor growth evaluations during 2001.Outcome measures were patient growth characteristics, frequency of underlying pathology, and frequency of laboratory and radiologic investigations before referral.Results: One hundred eighty-two boys and 96 girls were referred (P <.0001).Girls were shorter, relative to the general population (median height z score, -2.4 vs -1.9 for boys, P =.02) and mid-parental target heights (median deficit, 1.9 vs 1.3 SD, P <.01).Differences were more pronounced starting at age 9 years.Median time to referral from initial fall-off on the growth curve was 35 months in girls and 24 months in boys (not significant).The percentage of girls (41%) with organic disease significantly exceeded that of boys (15%).Conversely, more boys (72%) than girls (48%) were of normal height or short but healthy (P <.0001).Sex was not associated with frequency of tests before referral; neither was severity of short stature.Conclusions: Sex differences in short stature referrals may delay diagnosis of diseases in girls while promoting overzealous evaluations of healthy boys who do not appear to be tall enough.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the role of P2Y1 R in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with experimental irritable bowel syndrome.METHODS A rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was generated by intra-colonic administration of aceti...AIM To evaluate the role of P2Y1 R in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with experimental irritable bowel syndrome.METHODS A rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was generated by intra-colonic administration of acetic acid(AA) and assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase(m PO) activity assay. Then P2Y1 R expression in the colonic tissue was detected by Western blot. In order to explore the regulatory role of P2Y1 R in visceral hypersensitivity, an agonist(m RS2365) and an antagonist(m RS2179) of P2Y1 R were intra-colonically administered and effects were tested through a colorectal distension test. The abdominal withdrawal reflex and abdominal electromyography were tested during the course. RESULTS model assessment tests showed an obvious inflammatoryreaction that appeared on the 2^(nd) d after the AA injection, and the inflammatory reaction gradually recovered and almost disappeared on the 7^(th) d. The model finished on day 8 and showed a clear feature of IBS that had no organic lesion. The average expression of P2Y1 R was significantly higher in the AA group than in the na?ve group(0.319 ± 0.02 vs 0.094 ± 0.016, P < 0.001). m RS2365 could effectively raise the colonic hypersensitivity status at intervention doses of 10(AUC value from 0.30 ± 0.089 to 1.973 ± 0.127 mv?s, P < 0.01) and 100 μmol/L(AUC value from 0.290 ± 0.079 to 1.983 ± 0.195 mv?s, P < 0.01); m RS2179 could effectively reduce the hypersensitivity status at intervention dose of 100 μmol/L(from a mean baseline AUC value of 1.587 ± 0.099 mv?s to 0.140 ± 0.089 mv?s, P < 0.0001). Differences between the m RS2179 group(1.88 ± 1.45) and either the m RS2365 group(3.96 ± 0.19) or the combined treatment(m RS2179 and m RS2365) group(3.28 ± 0.11) were significant(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION P2Y1 R plays a regulatory role in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with experimental IBS. Specific antagonists of P2Y1 R may have potential therapeutic value in treating abdominal pain in IBS.展开更多
文摘Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare sex differences among referrals for evaluation of poor growth.Study design: This study was based on chart reviews of all new-patient encounters at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Diagnostic and Research Growth Center for short stature or poor growth evaluations during 2001.Outcome measures were patient growth characteristics, frequency of underlying pathology, and frequency of laboratory and radiologic investigations before referral.Results: One hundred eighty-two boys and 96 girls were referred (P <.0001).Girls were shorter, relative to the general population (median height z score, -2.4 vs -1.9 for boys, P =.02) and mid-parental target heights (median deficit, 1.9 vs 1.3 SD, P <.01).Differences were more pronounced starting at age 9 years.Median time to referral from initial fall-off on the growth curve was 35 months in girls and 24 months in boys (not significant).The percentage of girls (41%) with organic disease significantly exceeded that of boys (15%).Conversely, more boys (72%) than girls (48%) were of normal height or short but healthy (P <.0001).Sex was not associated with frequency of tests before referral; neither was severity of short stature.Conclusions: Sex differences in short stature referrals may delay diagnosis of diseases in girls while promoting overzealous evaluations of healthy boys who do not appear to be tall enough.
基金Supported by MIMS(Shanghai)Ltd.of China,No.IDF-2013-07
文摘AIM To evaluate the role of P2Y1 R in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with experimental irritable bowel syndrome.METHODS A rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was generated by intra-colonic administration of acetic acid(AA) and assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase(m PO) activity assay. Then P2Y1 R expression in the colonic tissue was detected by Western blot. In order to explore the regulatory role of P2Y1 R in visceral hypersensitivity, an agonist(m RS2365) and an antagonist(m RS2179) of P2Y1 R were intra-colonically administered and effects were tested through a colorectal distension test. The abdominal withdrawal reflex and abdominal electromyography were tested during the course. RESULTS model assessment tests showed an obvious inflammatoryreaction that appeared on the 2^(nd) d after the AA injection, and the inflammatory reaction gradually recovered and almost disappeared on the 7^(th) d. The model finished on day 8 and showed a clear feature of IBS that had no organic lesion. The average expression of P2Y1 R was significantly higher in the AA group than in the na?ve group(0.319 ± 0.02 vs 0.094 ± 0.016, P < 0.001). m RS2365 could effectively raise the colonic hypersensitivity status at intervention doses of 10(AUC value from 0.30 ± 0.089 to 1.973 ± 0.127 mv?s, P < 0.01) and 100 μmol/L(AUC value from 0.290 ± 0.079 to 1.983 ± 0.195 mv?s, P < 0.01); m RS2179 could effectively reduce the hypersensitivity status at intervention dose of 100 μmol/L(from a mean baseline AUC value of 1.587 ± 0.099 mv?s to 0.140 ± 0.089 mv?s, P < 0.0001). Differences between the m RS2179 group(1.88 ± 1.45) and either the m RS2365 group(3.96 ± 0.19) or the combined treatment(m RS2179 and m RS2365) group(3.28 ± 0.11) were significant(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION P2Y1 R plays a regulatory role in visceral hypersensitivity in rats with experimental IBS. Specific antagonists of P2Y1 R may have potential therapeutic value in treating abdominal pain in IBS.
