By the closed-loop supply chain responsibility model, analysis the condition of seller taking the responslblhty for recychng of discarded clothes and derived utility of recycling by UNIQLO. The author thinks that the ...By the closed-loop supply chain responsibility model, analysis the condition of seller taking the responslblhty for recychng of discarded clothes and derived utility of recycling by UNIQLO. The author thinks that the best choice is to recycle by seller. At present, it should be encouraged that seller, who are at dominant position in the supply chain, to carry out recycling old clothing so as to lead the other members in the supply chain to participate in recycling. Meanwhile, establish the corresponding legal provisions for the recycling of discarded clothing.展开更多
Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects t...Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects to build and reconstruct wastewater treatment plants. The utilization of sludge after it leaves the wastewater treatment plant is now a solely private-sector operation. There are new political priorities： increasing state involvement, buying out of major--formerly privatized--service providers, reintegration of isolated service providers, legally-imposed reduction of public utility charges. As a result, a demand has arisen for a greater central, i.e. government role in sludge utilization.展开更多
In today＇s globalized world, regulatory issues are heatedly debated, and experts can be divided into two groups based on their attitudes towards these issues. In the first group, representatives are in favor of stric...In today＇s globalized world, regulatory issues are heatedly debated, and experts can be divided into two groups based on their attitudes towards these issues. In the first group, representatives are in favor of stricter regulation, and representatives of the second group are in favor of removing legislative barriers in the markets of financial services. An important objective of the European Commission in recent years is to integrate the individual segments of the financial services into a whole so as to ensure the proper functioning of the whole to satisfy all the member states. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity of the regulatory environment, to point out the large number of institutions that cooperate in the creation of legislative measures, and also to highlight the different approaches to regulation in individual member countries and these issues do not ease the situation.展开更多
P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE）...P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.展开更多
In this paper, the legal and regulatory system of Pakistan media TV will be examined. In the digital era, electronic TV media has become one of Pakistan＇s fastest growing service industries, but there is still a need...In this paper, the legal and regulatory system of Pakistan media TV will be examined. In the digital era, electronic TV media has become one of Pakistan＇s fastest growing service industries, but there is still a need for considerable improvement with regard to the laws and regulations governing the activity. It defines the Pakistan electronic regulatory process and the relevant media laws. After that, it discusses enforcement mechanism operating in Pakistan, Lastly, it suggests some recommendations.展开更多
Turkish people traditionally make good soldiers. In the Republican Turkey, the draft [conscript service system is the valid application whereby privates （rankless plain soldiers）] are recruited from among healthy an...Turkish people traditionally make good soldiers. In the Republican Turkey, the draft [conscript service system is the valid application whereby privates （rankless plain soldiers）] are recruited from among healthy and young male citizens, for a specific term specified by law. Such draftees （conscrips） constitute the backbone of the military man-power. Their numbers attain figures much bigger than the numbers of rank-carrying personnel, namely the petty-officers and officers （generals are very few in number）. It is a widely known fact that military life, all over the world, is indeed tough and this is especially true for the rank-and-file, who constitute the lowest levels or the base of the involved hierarchical pyramide. When conscripted for the service, the crushing majority of the young lads go to serve willingly （see Figure 1） and proudly and even with pleasure （see Figure 2）. Those who do not readily render themselves to the armed forces are only a small minority. The reason for that is the high prestige enjoyed by all military personnel within the society. Deeply-rooted historical and cultural interpretations come into play, to make us understand the significance and even the sacredness of the armed service. Indeed, merely a collection of songs and ballads praising military themes, justifies the high value of soldierly ways for Turkisp people.展开更多
Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-pow...Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.展开更多
Legal aid has recently come into the spotlight once again given the Central Government’s release of a document on further expanding the system in late June.China established a nationwide legal aid network following t...Legal aid has recently come into the spotlight once again given the Central Government’s release of a document on further expanding the system in late June.China established a nationwide legal aid network following the introduction of the Legal Aid Regulations in September 2003,whereby lawyers were organized into legal aid agencies set up by the government to offer free legal services to people facing economic hardship or involved in special cases.Since the system’s introduction,the financial input into legal aid by governments at various levels has grown rapidly.展开更多
文摘By the closed-loop supply chain responsibility model, analysis the condition of seller taking the responslblhty for recychng of discarded clothes and derived utility of recycling by UNIQLO. The author thinks that the best choice is to recycle by seller. At present, it should be encouraged that seller, who are at dominant position in the supply chain, to carry out recycling old clothing so as to lead the other members in the supply chain to participate in recycling. Meanwhile, establish the corresponding legal provisions for the recycling of discarded clothing.
文摘Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects to build and reconstruct wastewater treatment plants. The utilization of sludge after it leaves the wastewater treatment plant is now a solely private-sector operation. There are new political priorities： increasing state involvement, buying out of major--formerly privatized--service providers, reintegration of isolated service providers, legally-imposed reduction of public utility charges. As a result, a demand has arisen for a greater central, i.e. government role in sludge utilization.
文摘In today＇s globalized world, regulatory issues are heatedly debated, and experts can be divided into two groups based on their attitudes towards these issues. In the first group, representatives are in favor of stricter regulation, and representatives of the second group are in favor of removing legislative barriers in the markets of financial services. An important objective of the European Commission in recent years is to integrate the individual segments of the financial services into a whole so as to ensure the proper functioning of the whole to satisfy all the member states. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity of the regulatory environment, to point out the large number of institutions that cooperate in the creation of legislative measures, and also to highlight the different approaches to regulation in individual member countries and these issues do not ease the situation.
基金Supported by the Nat/onal Science and Technology Support Projects of China（No. 2008BAH28B04） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China _（No..60903218F0208） andthe National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （No. 2008AA01A317）
文摘P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.
文摘In this paper, the legal and regulatory system of Pakistan media TV will be examined. In the digital era, electronic TV media has become one of Pakistan＇s fastest growing service industries, but there is still a need for considerable improvement with regard to the laws and regulations governing the activity. It defines the Pakistan electronic regulatory process and the relevant media laws. After that, it discusses enforcement mechanism operating in Pakistan, Lastly, it suggests some recommendations.
文摘Turkish people traditionally make good soldiers. In the Republican Turkey, the draft [conscript service system is the valid application whereby privates （rankless plain soldiers）] are recruited from among healthy and young male citizens, for a specific term specified by law. Such draftees （conscrips） constitute the backbone of the military man-power. Their numbers attain figures much bigger than the numbers of rank-carrying personnel, namely the petty-officers and officers （generals are very few in number）. It is a widely known fact that military life, all over the world, is indeed tough and this is especially true for the rank-and-file, who constitute the lowest levels or the base of the involved hierarchical pyramide. When conscripted for the service, the crushing majority of the young lads go to serve willingly （see Figure 1） and proudly and even with pleasure （see Figure 2）. Those who do not readily render themselves to the armed forces are only a small minority. The reason for that is the high prestige enjoyed by all military personnel within the society. Deeply-rooted historical and cultural interpretations come into play, to make us understand the significance and even the sacredness of the armed service. Indeed, merely a collection of songs and ballads praising military themes, justifies the high value of soldierly ways for Turkisp people.
文摘Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.
文摘Legal aid has recently come into the spotlight once again given the Central Government’s release of a document on further expanding the system in late June.China established a nationwide legal aid network following the introduction of the Legal Aid Regulations in September 2003,whereby lawyers were organized into legal aid agencies set up by the government to offer free legal services to people facing economic hardship or involved in special cases.Since the system’s introduction,the financial input into legal aid by governments at various levels has grown rapidly.
