纯粹社会学:社会学的科学革命及其范式构建——布莱克的方法论追求与理论逻辑

社会学的"科学革命"是唐纳德.布莱克纯粹社会学方法论上的核心追求。他认为传统社会学包含了意识形态、目的论、心理学以及人的因素,并没有真正实现社会学作为一门实证科学的学科承诺,必须对其进行"纯粹化"创新,从而构建一门真正"科学"的社会学。纯粹社会学理论范式的构建是基于新的认识论、方法论,并建立在广泛而深入的经验研究基础之上。其对法律的分析所形成的纯粹法社会学,是纯粹社会学理论的最重要的学术实践,也是被学界所公认的经典理论。从西方理性主义和实证主义的脉络来看,纯粹社会学有着深厚学术传统,并有一套独特的解释逻辑,但由于对社会学科学性的片面强调,其缺陷也非常明显。

基于SWOT分析和WSR方法论构建工商管理特色专业课程体系

本文在深入研究工商管理特色专业课程体系基本特征和设置原则的基础上,运用SWOT分析法确定工商管理特色专业课程体系设置的战略定位,进而在WSR方法论的系统分析基础上构建工商管理特色专业课程体系的运作机制,为各高校提高工商管理特色专业教育质量提供一定的指导和借鉴。

科学发展观的行政法哲学方法论分析

科学发展观为法学研究提出了新要求、新课题,科学发展观体现了重要的行政法哲学方法论,既行政法的"全面性、协调性、可持续性"。为我国行政法理论研究、行政立法、行政执法、行政司法与行政审判提供了基本方法。

日本民法评注的方法论演变与结构内容

我国民法典编纂工作已进入最后阶段。民法典草案通过后,我国也将如其他欧陆法前辈一样进入民法典评注的时代。但民法评注工作并非一蹴而就,其内容构成不是对抽象法概念进行解释的简单集合。事实上,对于民法评注,特别是法继受国的民法评注来说,如何在本国社会现实的基础上重新构建舶来的法概念,是评注作品是否成熟的重要标准之一。如作为法继受国的日本,其自明治维新以来一方面吸收先进国家的经验起草现代化的民法典,另一方面则同步地展开了民法典评注工作。其间,日本民法评注的方法论历经几个时代多次演变,终于形成了立足本土"活着的法"的独特风格。相信同样作为法继受国,日本的经验也会给我国的民法评注工作带来一定的启示。

法社会学方法论视角下看大学自治

从法社会学方法论的视角分析大学自治制度,认为大学自治制度产生于社会的自组织力量,国家与大学应该保持一种"平行"的应然关系,大学自治制度有利于大学职能的两种价值取向的融合。

公平公正待遇条款的法方法困境及出路

公平公正待遇条款语义抽象,作为条约规则直接适用,既容易引发适用分歧和裁决矛盾,也容易导致私人投资者滥诉,从而损害东道国经济发展主权。国际社会试图通过"习惯国际法最低待遇标准"之限制和"例外条款"之排除等立法技术厘清公平公正待遇内涵以达到限制滥诉和化解裁决不一致的目的,但却陷入了条约规则适用的法方法困境。回归公平公正待遇条款的条约原则地位,并用"立法和司法"、"原则+规则"的法方法,不仅可以避免投资者直接依据公平公正待遇条款的起诉和滥诉,而且保留了司法、仲裁机构在保证缔约方原意的前提下合理解释或适用条约的空间,平衡了私人投资者权利与东道国经济管理主权之间的关系,最终达到化解公平公正待遇适用风险和法方法困境的目的。

中国特色社会主义法治理论的法哲学方法论根基

中共中央提出要构建"中国特色社会主义法治理论体系",得到了学界的广泛回应,但这一理论努力的方法论基础仍存在争议。有的观点挑战了构建"中国特色社会主义法治理论体系"的法哲学方法论根基,但这些质疑并不能成立。一般法理学与特殊法理学不必互相否定,"中国特色"法理学可以与一般法理学并存。法学是对规范性领域的探究,价值导向的思考是必要的,也完全可以是可靠的。如果法教义学可以是真的,为法教义学提供前解释阶段的一些前提性价值信念的政法法学也同样可以是真的。在方法论层面,我们有着充分的理论自信将"中国特色"和"社会主义性质"与"法治理论体系"有机地结合起来。

开发一个MIS的正确步骤

本文以一个成功开发的ＭＩＳ为例，阐明了在快速原型法中嵌入软系统方法论的思想可以更好的快速开发ＭＩＳ。

Oil–water pre-separation with a novel axial hydrocyclone

A novel hydrocyclone with guide vanes, named as axial hydrocyclone(AHC), is designed to tackle the problem of oil–water separation faced by most mature oilfields. Optimal design of the AHC is carried out by using numerical methods. The effects of guide vanes, cone angle, tapered angle and overflow pipe on the oil–water separation are discussed in this paper. The results show that a double swirling flow is generated in the tapered section where oil–water separation occurs. Both the cylindrical and the tapered section have important influences on AHC performance. On the basis of single factor results, response surface methodology is employed to optimize the AHC design. The experimental results indicate that the novel AHC has an excellent performance for the oil–water separation.

Optimization of mining method in subsea deep gold mines: A case study

The mining method optimization in subsea deep gold mines was studied. First, an index system for subsea mining method selection was established based on technical feasibility, security status, economic benefit, and management complexity. Next, an evaluation matrix containing crisp numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers(TFNs) was constructed to describe quantitative and qualitative information simultaneously. Then, a hybrid model combining fuzzy theory and the Tomada de Decis?o Interativa Multicritério(TODIM) method was proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach was validated by an illustrative example of selecting the optimal mining method in the Sanshandao Gold Mine(China). The robustness of this approach was demonstrated through a sensitivity analysis. The results show that the proposed hybrid TODIM method is reliable and stable for choosing the optimal mining method in subsea deep gold mines and provides references for mining method optimization in other similar undersea mines.

Automatic Web services composition algorithm based on optimal matching

A novel layered method was proposed to solve the problem of Web services composition.In this method,services composition problem was formally transformed into the optimal matching problem of every layer,then optimal matching problem was modeled based on the hypergraph theory,and solved by computing the minimal transversals of the hypergraph.Meanwhile,two optimization algorithms were designed to discard some useless states at the intermediary steps of the composition algorithm.The effectiveness of the composition method was tested by a set of experiments,in addition,an example regarding the travel services composition was also given.The experimental results show that this method not only can automatically generate composition tree whose leaf nodes correspond to services composition solutions,but also has better performance on execution time and solution quality by adopting two proposed optimization algorithms.

Multi-factors decision-making entropy method and its application in engineering management

In order to meet the strict requirements for information in engineering management, the positive interval （0, 1 ] in Shannon information entropy is extended to the real number interval [ - 1, 1 ]. The information theory and the decision theory are combined effectively, and the deficiencies that the traditional Bayes decision-making methods only consider a single factor are made up for. The multi-factors engineering decision-making methods are proposed, and some critical problems are solved in the practical engineering management decision-making process.

Evaluation of the propensity for coal spontaneous combustion based on catastrophe theory

Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, ＂catastrophe temperature＂, be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.

Critical Factors in Financing and Management of Light Rail Transit Systems： Delphi Methodology Approach

In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried out and those that have were only partially done because the main participants involved had ulterior motives which impeded their having a critical and independent opinion of the projects carried out. Within this framework, the Delphi methodology presents itself as a very useful instrument, as the intrinsic advantages that it has added to the characteristic that the experts who participate in the project can remain anonymous without detracting value from the conclusions obtained as these are grouped together according to their worth.

Methodology Approach Using Harmonic Synthesis as Simulation Method for Investigation of Power Network with Non-Linear Loads

The paper deals with analysis and synthesis of non-harmonic and non-linear sources and appliances, and their interaction with harmonic power supply network. Basic idea is based on knowledge of harmonic spectrum of the sources and/or appliances, respectively. Obviously, one need to know voltage harmonic components of voltage sources （renewable with inverters,...）, and current harmonic components generated by non-linear appliances （rectifiers,...）. Method of investigation lies on decomposition of real electric circuit into n-harmonic separated equivalent schemes for each harmonic component. Then transient analysis will be done for each scheme separately using ＂impedance harmonic matrices＂. The important fact is that each equivalent scheme is now linearized and therefore easily calculated. Finally, the effects of each investigated schemes arc summed into resulting quantities of real non-linear electric circuit.

Environmental Analysis of Packaging for Soft Drinks Using the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

The knowledge of a product＇s life cycle is the first step on the search of sustainable development. The life cycle assessment （LCA） is an important method because it allows an environment accounting, where the extraction of natural resources and energy of the nature are considered and the ＂returns＂ to the same one and allows in evaluating relative potential the environment impacts generated. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks： glass bottles of 390 mL, aluminum cans of 350 mL, and bottles of PET of 2,000 mL. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. For the research, an inventory analysis followed the LCA methodology. The main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging had been the identified and quantified data in this study. The consumption of natural resources like water and other raw materials and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the most important conclusion was that the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with other packaging.

Quantitative Methodology in Linguistics

The paper is devoted to the study of quantitative methods in linguistics and describes the studies conducted. The purpose is to give the general idea of these studies. The first one considers one of the principal logical categories--the quality. The basis of the research was comprised of lexicographical recourses. The text study finishes up the research. The second one dwells on the usage of the typological indices method in the research of comparatives and superlatives in English, German, and Russian texts. The principal method used is that of typological indices. As the result, people can observe the prospects of this method in linguistics

Risk Analysis： A Methodology Applicable to the Building Inspection

The lack of care related to maintenance management is directly linked to the absence of plans for maintenance of buildings. Because of that, there is a big incidence of building accidents caused by the negligence of managers and the lack of investment. The research has shown that, although building inspection is a consolidated building maintenance tool, managers do not prepare their building maintenance plan, nor use building inspection as a tool, leading the buildings to the premature obsolescence. The research calls attention to the building inspection technique that can be used to evaluate building maintenance and conservation. It is also a tool for analysis and investment planning based on actions to solve failures and anomalies that might come out during the building inspection. Those failures and anomalies are classified according to their degree of risk, determining the technical priorities of the investment adjustment in the maintenance plan. The paper presents a risk analysis methodology which classifies inspect elements in a building, determining the priority order of services to be executed on a scale from minimum risk （1） to imminent risk （5）. The method shows a tool for building inspection, and it serves as a guideline for building maintenance interventions.

Specificity and Semantic Horizon of the Human Sciences from the Viewpoint of Bakhtin＇s Metalinguistics

This article explores the potential resources of the Bakhtin＇s theory of dialogism and its core concepts for the development of the philosophy and methodology of the human sciences. Focusing on Bakhtin＇s late essays： ＂The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences; From Notes Made in 1970-71;＂ and ＂Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences,＂ the author deals with such concepts as sense, semantic whole, superaddressee, the third, and outsideness. Metalinguistics is interpreted as a philosophical approach to the problems of humanities methodology. The specifics of the human sciences, which Bakhtin put to the question, are described in comparison and correlation with the natural sciences. The author elaborates the idea of the communicative three-part relationship or trilogue （as a development of the dialogue）. The role of the superaddressee as the third participant of the trilogue between the researcher （the subject） and the text （the object） is discussed. The notion semantic whole and its implementation in the process of the sense＇s becoming （development） are analyzed.

Measuring Propeller Blade Width Using Binocular Stereo Vision

Propeller blade width measurement has been extensively studied in the past using direct and indirect methods, and it plays a great role in determining the quality of the finished products. It has surveyed that previous techniques are usually time-consuming and erroneous due to a large number of points to be processed in blade width measurement. This paper proposes a new method of measuring blade width using two images acquired from different viewpoints of the same blade. And a new feature points matching approach for propeller blade image is proposed in stereo vision measurement. Based on these, pixel coordinates of contour points of the blade in two images are extracted and converted to real world coordinates by image algorithm and binocular stereo machine vision theory. Then, from the real world coordinates, the blade width at any position can be determined by simple geometrical method.