《内经》的法时观与时间针灸学

１９３７年在瑞士召开了国际生物周期节律科学研究会，自此各国生物学家完成了大量的科研工作，创立了时间生物学（Ｃｈｒｏｎｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）。近年来，时间生物学被广泛引入医学之中，用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗，从而发展成为一门新兴临床学科——时间治疗学（...

Seasonal variation of the Taiwan Warm Current Water and its underlying mechanism

Based on the historical observed data and the modeling results,this paper investigated the seasonal variations in the Taiwan Warm Current Water(TWCW)using a cluster analysis method and examined the contributions of the Kuroshio onshore intrusion and the Taiwan Strait Warm Current(TSWC)to the TWCW on seasonal time scales.The TWCW has obviously seasonal variation in its horizontal distribution,T-S characteristics and volume.The volume of TWCW is maximum(13746 km^3)in winter and minimum(11397 km^3)in autumn.As to the contributions to the TWCW,the TSWC is greatest in summer and smallest in winter,while the Kuroshio onshore intrusion northeast of Taiwan Island is strongest in winter and weakest in summer.By comparison,the Kuroshio onshore intrusion make greater contributions to the Taiwan Warm Current Surface Water(TWCSW)than the TSWC for most of the year,except for in the summertime(from June to August),while the Kuroshio Subsurface Water(KSSW)dominate the Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water(TWCDW).The analysis results demonstrate that the local monsoon winds is the dominant factor controlling the seasonal variation in the TWCW volume via Ekman dynamics,while the surface heat fl ux can play a secondary role via the joint ef fect of baroclinicity and relief.

Modeling of radiative properties of metallic microscale rough surface

The radiative properties of a gold surface with one-dimensional Gaussian random roughness distribution were obtained with the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method and the recursive convolution treatment of the Drude Model. The bi-directional reflection distribution function （BRDF） for both TM mode and TE mode were obtained and compared with the highly accurate experimental data from the earlier work. The incident wavelength varies from 1.152 μm to 3.392 μm and incident angle is at 300-70°, respectively. The results show that, the predicted values and experimental results are in good agreement. The highly specular peak in the BRDF is reproduced in the numerical simulations, and the increase of the TM mode BRDF is found to be attributed to the effect of a variation in the optical constant at the incident wavelength period.

Comparison Research on the Records of Strong-motion Seismographs and Seismographs at the Same Station

This paper uses Jin Xing( 2004,2005) and Ma Qiang's( 2003) real-time time-domain methods to simulate and compare both the broadband strong motion acceleration and velocity records measured at the same stations in the Liaoning Telemetered Digital Seismic Network. The results show that we can get actual velocity and displacement time histories by simulating broadband acceleration records. The acceleration and displacement time histories also may be obtained by simulating broadband velocity records. This indicates that strong motion observations and seismometer observations can be substituted for each other in a certain range.

Modeling bidirectional reflection distribution function of microscale random rough surfaces

The radiative properties of three different materials surfaces with one-dimensional microscale random roughness were obtained with the finite difference time domain method(FDTD) and near-to-far-field transformation.The surface height conforms to the Gaussian probability density function distribution.Various computational modeling issues that affect the accuracy of the predicted properties were discussed.The results show that,for perfect electric conductor(PEC) surfaces,as the surface roughness increases,the magnitude of the spike reduces and eventually the spike disappears,and also as the ratio of root mean square roughness to the surface correlation distance increases,the retroreflection becomes evident.The predicted values of FDTD solutions are in good agreement with the ray tracing and integral equation solutions.The overall trend of bidirectional reflection distribution function(BRDF) of PEC surfaces and silicon surfaces is the same,but the silicon's is much less than the former's.The BRDF difference from two polarization modes for the gold surfaces is little for smaller wavelength,but it is much larger for the longer wavelength and the FDTD simulation results agree well with the measured data.In terms of PEC surfaces,as the incident angle increases,the reflectivity becomes more specular.

X-ray pulsar-based navigation using pulse phase and Doppler frequency measurements

In order to eliminate the impact of the Doppler effects caused by the motion of the spacecraft on the X-ray pulsar-based navigation, an innovative navigation method using the pulse phase and Doppler frequency measurements of the X-ray pulsars is proposed. Given the initial estimate of the spacecraft's state,the real-time photon arrival model is established at the spacecraft with respect to the spacecraft's position and velocity predicted by the orbit dynamic model and their estimation errors. On this basis, a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm directly using the observed photon event timestamps is developed to extract a single pair of pulse phase and Doppler frequency measurements caused by the spacecraft's state estimation error. Since the phase estimation error increases as the observation time increases, we propose a new measurement updating scheme of referring the measurements to the middle time of an observation interval. By using the ground-based simulation system of X-ray pulsar signals, a series of photon-level simulations are performed. The results testify to the feasibility and real-timeliness of the proposed navigation method, and show that the incorporation of the Doppler measurement as well as the pulse phase into the navigation filter can improve the navigation accuracy.

ESTIMATION OF TIME DEPENDENT CARBON TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS USING NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE DATA

Time dependent carbon transfer coefficients are estimated using ecosystem exchange databy minimizing over variable observational intervals,Kalman filter,and variational minimization techniques.Transfer coefficients are determined by application of estimation procedures to subintervalsfrom a partition of the observational time period,minimizing the variance of analyzed errors withoutthe imposition of a priori transfer coefficient models in Kalman filters,and minimization with respectto transfer coefficients in variational fit-to-data functionals.Results are compared between methodsand seasonal variability is observed in the transfer coefficients.