论银行的法治效益

依法治行是银行传统"人治"治理模式的否定与扬弃,是依法治国在金融领域的具体体现。银行法治的客观动因有:体制动因、风险动因、效率动因、效益动因,其中效益是银行法治最原始、本质的终极动因。银行法治效益是指银行通过增加、强化法制治理手段所相应增加的效益。本文揭示:在一定条件下,银行法治投入与效益产出成正比,但受人治环境的制约及法治效益产出的间接性、时滞性影响,目前依法治行还停留于低效的原始层面。倡导深层拓展银行潜在的法治效益,研制现阶段法治增效的具体途径,制定转型期"法治为主、人治为补"的依法治行实施战略,实现银行法治、人治效益的最优凸性组合,是本文论述的核心观点。

我国法治建设中的法治成本—效益分析

在市场经济条件下,各种社会关系都存在成本收益的权衡问题,而法治作为调整各种社会关系的最佳模式,也必然要遵循这一规律。在我国法治建设中,可以通过对立法、司法、行政以及社会等成本的量化分析来寻求如何节约法治成本,提高法治效益,以推进我国法治建设的发展。

法治的精神理念与制度理念

法治精神理念与制度理念的培育与涵养， 以历史的眼光看， 实为法治关键， 甚或可以说法治的成败利钝， 根本系此。本文认为法治的精神理念体现为社会主体的法律信仰， 分析了法律信仰虚化的原因， 并提出相应对策。指出法治的制度理念是为社会正义。形式社会正义是法治共通不变的特征，

法律的效益价值分析及选择

经济效益观是法律经济分析学说理论中最为重要的价值观。效益价值成为法律的价值体现着历史的必然。法治是一种稀缺资源，我们在进行法治建设的过程中，必须体现出效益的价值。在当前历史条件下，效益价值甚至应该是我们首要的价值选择。

PREMISE Insect Model： Integrated Population Dynamics Model for the Ex-ante Evaluation of IPM against Insect Pest

Codling moth Cydiapomonella L. is the most serious pest of apple and pear worldwide and causes damage and decreased yields. To minimize this risk, IPM tools can be applied to reduce the use of chemicals. A cost-effective application of IPM depends on the number of insects at the time of application. Several conditions and factors influence the lifecycle and numbers of generations within a year. In order to perform ex-ante evaluations of the cost-effectiveness of IPM measures against pest insects, the generic PREMISE insect model has been developed, which integrates insect＇s population dynamics, the climate and other conditions, applied measures, economics, environment and human health （residues）. This paper describes these components of the PREMISE insect model, and how these components interact to assess the cost-effectiveness of IPM measures and the effects on the environment and human health. Codling moth is used as a case study for this generic model.