This paper articulates two great discussions within the history of this country： the discussions about the circumstances prior to the military coup and the role of the radio media in the political context of the conf...This paper articulates two great discussions within the history of this country： the discussions about the circumstances prior to the military coup and the role of the radio media in the political context of the conflict. Individually, each of these aspects will allow us a reflection over different points of view here articulated in a sociocultural approach. We have, thus, organized this discussion based on two main themes. We will start with the ＂Campanha da Legalidade＂ （Campaign for Legality）, the occasion which congregates both themes, and then we will discuss both the historical context of the 1964 military coup and the role of the radio media and its strong social and political presence.展开更多
Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at ...Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at improving quality of life. One form of non-drug therapy which is barely recognized, is music therapy. The literature on its use and effect in patients with Huntington＇s disease is limited. We therefore performed a detailed literature survey in order to delineate the different types of music therapy interventions and their aims. Music therapy studies were included when targeting： （1） motor disturbances; （2） cognitive disturbances; （3） psychiatric disturbances; and （4） emotional/social disturbances. A total of eight studies that met these criteria were analyzed. We found that music therapy interventions vary throughout the different stages of the disease and are not yet applied optimally. Not the stage of the disease but the individual treatment goals seem to be more determinative for the music therapy indications. In conclusion, precise aims and methods in relation to the stage of the disease are not well determined. There is a need for systematic study of this treatment option.展开更多
ihis paper examines the root causes of current cross-national institutional difference from the perspective of national hetereogeneity and provides detailed explanations on the justification and effectiveness of using...ihis paper examines the root causes of current cross-national institutional difference from the perspective of national hetereogeneity and provides detailed explanations on the justification and effectiveness of using cross-national genetic distance as the instrumental variable （IV） of institutional difference. We combined 10,585 samples by pairing 146 countries and regions, created a cross-national institutional distance variable composed of 14 indicators from the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation in three aspects including differences of political system, economic system and institutional implementation attributes, and conducted a cross-section IV estimation for the long-term effect of institutional differences on cross-national income gaps using data between 1996 and 2010. Empirical results indicate that institutional difference has a long-term significant positive effect on cross-national income gaps and such an effect has a tendency to increase during sample period. With factors like human capital, geographical factor, language and religion under control, we still arrived at similar conclusions. The empirical results are demonstrated to be robust using different genetic distance measurement indicators and estimation methods.展开更多
When ancient Chinese literatus suffered political frustration, they generally experienced tremendous emotional and psychological traumas. These traumas are entangled with disappointment, anger, fear, grief, desolation...When ancient Chinese literatus suffered political frustration, they generally experienced tremendous emotional and psychological traumas. These traumas are entangled with disappointment, anger, fear, grief, desolation, and other emotions. In most cases, the literatus would turn to nature for relaxation and freedom, composing a lot of literatures in an attempt to reflect on the meaning of life. In this paper, I will analyze the written works of Qu Yuan, the Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove （~tJ~$qS~）, Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi after they suffered political frustration to： （1） describe how their emotions changed; （2） illustrate how they built relationships between nature and self to relieve their frustrations; （3） clarify during these reflecting processes how they actually experienced the transformation and pursued the meaning of life; and （4） illuminate the significance of these pursuits, not only in spurring the boom of literal naturalism, but also in passing on the message for the current era with the joint crises of humans and the environment, to heal the earth and free themselves.展开更多
The Chinese national governance system includes the Party＇s governing system, the People＇s Congress system, the administrative system, the court system and the procuratorate. Judicial power is neutral, passive, inde...The Chinese national governance system includes the Party＇s governing system, the People＇s Congress system, the administrative system, the court system and the procuratorate. Judicial power is neutral, passive, independent and final, features that reflect the irreplaceable nature of its role in national governance. The growth of judicial power is diachronic, complex and evolutionary, which means that its construction will be a tortuous and difficult process. Given the limitations of the functions of judicial power in China and their immediate results, we should fix our gaze on the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law and the optimization of the structure and functions of our national governance system by taking checks and balance as the principle in the allocation of judicial power, taking rights protection as the heart of the operation of judicial power, taking harmonious operation as the standard for guaranteeing judicial power, and cultivating legal culture as the foundation supporting judicial power. In optimizing national governance itself, we should strengthen its functions of adaptation, integration, goal attainment and latency.展开更多
The Report of the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 emphasizes building a socialist country based on the rule of law as China＇s overall governance strategy. At the same time, it has expanded the ＂four in one＂ to ...The Report of the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 emphasizes building a socialist country based on the rule of law as China＇s overall governance strategy. At the same time, it has expanded the ＂four in one＂ to ＂five in one＂; i.e. the construction of an ecological civilization has been added to the other major tasks in socialist construction with Chinese characteristics---economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, and social construction, thus setting out the roadmap for China＇s construction of an environmental system based on the rule of law. The aim of this construction is to establish an environmental legal system that corresponds to China＇s ecological civilization, and its main task is to integrate environmental rationality into the operation of the rule of law by improving environmental legal mechanisms and institutions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To probe the effects of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods on the human body.METHODS:Studied acupuncture reinforcing and reducing actions in the ancient literature,based on modern clinical and expe...OBJECTIVE:To probe the effects of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods on the human body.METHODS:Studied acupuncture reinforcing and reducing actions in the ancient literature,based on modern clinical and experimental studies,in combination with experience of acupuncture teaching and clinical treatment.RESULTS:The key to the generation of reinforcing and reducing actions is not the acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods themselves,but instead the functional state of the patient during the acupuncture.When reinforcing and reducing methods act on the human body,a reinforcing-reducing effect is produced through regulation of Qi,indicating that the production of the reinforcing-reducing effect requires a certain condition.Specifically,acupuncture does not produce the reinforcing-reducing effect under all conditions,but can produce a reinforcing effect in patients with deficiency syndrome and a reducing effect in patients with excess syndrome.CONCLUSION:Reinforcing and reducing methods each have therapeutic effects on both deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome,but a reinforcing method should be selected first for deficiency syndrome and a reducing method should be selected first for excess syndrome.展开更多
文摘This paper articulates two great discussions within the history of this country： the discussions about the circumstances prior to the military coup and the role of the radio media in the political context of the conflict. Individually, each of these aspects will allow us a reflection over different points of view here articulated in a sociocultural approach. We have, thus, organized this discussion based on two main themes. We will start with the ＂Campanha da Legalidade＂ （Campaign for Legality）, the occasion which congregates both themes, and then we will discuss both the historical context of the 1964 military coup and the role of the radio media and its strong social and political presence.
文摘Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at improving quality of life. One form of non-drug therapy which is barely recognized, is music therapy. The literature on its use and effect in patients with Huntington＇s disease is limited. We therefore performed a detailed literature survey in order to delineate the different types of music therapy interventions and their aims. Music therapy studies were included when targeting： （1） motor disturbances; （2） cognitive disturbances; （3） psychiatric disturbances; and （4） emotional/social disturbances. A total of eight studies that met these criteria were analyzed. We found that music therapy interventions vary throughout the different stages of the disease and are not yet applied optimally. Not the stage of the disease but the individual treatment goals seem to be more determinative for the music therapy indications. In conclusion, precise aims and methods in relation to the stage of the disease are not well determined. There is a need for systematic study of this treatment option.
基金selected by the 12th China Annual Conference of Economicsthe process of drafting this paper,wereceived sponsorships from National Natural Science Foundation(Approval No.71003111)+4 种基金General Program of Cultural and Social Sciences for Higher Institutes of Learning in Guangdong Province(Approval No.10WYXM062)Special Fund of Basic Research Programs for Central Universities(Approval No.10wkjc05)Special Fund of Basic Research Programs for Central Universities(Approval No.10pywk11)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Approval No.S2013010012456)"Theory of Guangdong"2013 crucial practical problems Foundation(Approval No.LLYJ1314)
文摘ihis paper examines the root causes of current cross-national institutional difference from the perspective of national hetereogeneity and provides detailed explanations on the justification and effectiveness of using cross-national genetic distance as the instrumental variable （IV） of institutional difference. We combined 10,585 samples by pairing 146 countries and regions, created a cross-national institutional distance variable composed of 14 indicators from the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation in three aspects including differences of political system, economic system and institutional implementation attributes, and conducted a cross-section IV estimation for the long-term effect of institutional differences on cross-national income gaps using data between 1996 and 2010. Empirical results indicate that institutional difference has a long-term significant positive effect on cross-national income gaps and such an effect has a tendency to increase during sample period. With factors like human capital, geographical factor, language and religion under control, we still arrived at similar conclusions. The empirical results are demonstrated to be robust using different genetic distance measurement indicators and estimation methods.
文摘When ancient Chinese literatus suffered political frustration, they generally experienced tremendous emotional and psychological traumas. These traumas are entangled with disappointment, anger, fear, grief, desolation, and other emotions. In most cases, the literatus would turn to nature for relaxation and freedom, composing a lot of literatures in an attempt to reflect on the meaning of life. In this paper, I will analyze the written works of Qu Yuan, the Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove （~tJ~$qS~）, Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi after they suffered political frustration to： （1） describe how their emotions changed; （2） illustrate how they built relationships between nature and self to relieve their frustrations; （3） clarify during these reflecting processes how they actually experienced the transformation and pursued the meaning of life; and （4） illuminate the significance of these pursuits, not only in spurring the boom of literal naturalism, but also in passing on the message for the current era with the joint crises of humans and the environment, to heal the earth and free themselves.
文摘The Chinese national governance system includes the Party＇s governing system, the People＇s Congress system, the administrative system, the court system and the procuratorate. Judicial power is neutral, passive, independent and final, features that reflect the irreplaceable nature of its role in national governance. The growth of judicial power is diachronic, complex and evolutionary, which means that its construction will be a tortuous and difficult process. Given the limitations of the functions of judicial power in China and their immediate results, we should fix our gaze on the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law and the optimization of the structure and functions of our national governance system by taking checks and balance as the principle in the allocation of judicial power, taking rights protection as the heart of the operation of judicial power, taking harmonious operation as the standard for guaranteeing judicial power, and cultivating legal culture as the foundation supporting judicial power. In optimizing national governance itself, we should strengthen its functions of adaptation, integration, goal attainment and latency.
文摘The Report of the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 emphasizes building a socialist country based on the rule of law as China＇s overall governance strategy. At the same time, it has expanded the ＂four in one＂ to ＂five in one＂; i.e. the construction of an ecological civilization has been added to the other major tasks in socialist construction with Chinese characteristics---economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, and social construction, thus setting out the roadmap for China＇s construction of an environmental system based on the rule of law. The aim of this construction is to establish an environmental legal system that corresponds to China＇s ecological civilization, and its main task is to integrate environmental rationality into the operation of the rule of law by improving environmental legal mechanisms and institutions.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To probe the effects of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods on the human body.METHODS:Studied acupuncture reinforcing and reducing actions in the ancient literature,based on modern clinical and experimental studies,in combination with experience of acupuncture teaching and clinical treatment.RESULTS:The key to the generation of reinforcing and reducing actions is not the acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods themselves,but instead the functional state of the patient during the acupuncture.When reinforcing and reducing methods act on the human body,a reinforcing-reducing effect is produced through regulation of Qi,indicating that the production of the reinforcing-reducing effect requires a certain condition.Specifically,acupuncture does not produce the reinforcing-reducing effect under all conditions,but can produce a reinforcing effect in patients with deficiency syndrome and a reducing effect in patients with excess syndrome.CONCLUSION:Reinforcing and reducing methods each have therapeutic effects on both deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome,but a reinforcing method should be selected first for deficiency syndrome and a reducing method should be selected first for excess syndrome.
