党对军队绝对领导制度的法理性分析

胡锦涛总书记在去年“七一”重要讲话中强调，要“坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨”。坚持党对军队的绝对领导，是我军的根本领导制度和建军治军的根本原则，是中国革命和建设实践经验的结晶。当前意识形态领域斗争尖锐复杂，中国共产党直接执掌军权的合理性与合法性不断受到质疑。如何从理论和实践上回答党对军队绝对领导的合理性和合法性，是军队院校政治理论研究的重要课题。

不确定型决策方法探索

决策是人们在社会经济中最常见的一种综合活动,为了实现一定的目标,运用科学的理论和方法,分析客观条件,提出不同的方案,并且从中选择最优方案的过程。目前,决策根据对未来结果的变动性大小分为确定型决策、风险型决策和不确定型决策。用于不确定型决策的方法主要有,悲观法、乐观法、折衷法、等概率法和最小最大后悔值法五种,但各自存在较大的局限性。在本文中作者提出了一种新的解决此类问题的方法——理性分析决策法。

圆面透视新画法

本文在对传统圆面透视三种画法利弊充分分析的基础上 ,创造出新的目测理性分析法 ,此方法在素描基础教学中运用广泛 ,具有较强的实用意义。

A two-stage flexible flow-shop scheduling problem with m identical parallel machines on one stage and a batch processor on the other stage

This paper considers a hybrid two-stage flow-shop scheduling problem with m identical parallel machines on one stage and a batch processor on the other stage. The processing time of job Jj on any of m identical parallel machines is aj≡a （j∈N）, and the processing time of job Jj is bj（j∈N） on a batch processorM. We take makespan （Cmax） as our minimization objective. In this paper, for the problem of FSMP-BI （m identical parallel machines on the first stage and a batch processor on the second stage）, based on the algorithm given by Sung and Choung for the problem of 1 ｜ri, BI｜Cmax under the constraint of the given processing sequence, we develop an optimal dynamic programming Algorithm H1 for it in max {O（nlogn）, O（nB）} time. A max {O（nlogn） , O（nB）}time symmetric Algorithm H2 is given then for the problem of BI-FSMP （a batch processor on the first stage and m identical parallel machines on the second stage）.

Analysis of Cavitation Performance of a 2-D Hydrofoil Based on Mixed-iterative Method

In order to study cavitation characteristics of a 2-D hydrofoil, the method that combines nonlinear cavitation model and mixed-iteration is used to predict and analyze the cavitation performance of hydrofoils. The cavitation elements are nonlinearly disposed based on the Green formula and perturbation potential panel method. At the same time, the method that combines cavity shape for fixed cavity length （CSCL） iteration and cavity shape for fixed cavitation number （CSCN） iteration is used to work out the thickness and length of hydrofoil cavitations. Through analysis of calculation results, it can be concluded that the jump of pressure and velocity potentially exist between cavitation end area and non-cavitations area on suction surface when cavitation occurs on hydrofoil. In certain angles of attack, the cavitation number has a negative impact on the length of cavitations. And under the same angle of attack and cavitation number, the bigger the thickness of the hydrofoil, the shorter the cavitations length.

An Interval Maximum Entropy Method for Quadratic Programming Problem

With the idea of maximum entropy function and penalty function methods, we transform the quadratic programming problem into an unconstrained differentiable optimization problem, discuss the interval extension of the maximum entropy function, provide the region deletion test rules and design an interval maximum entropy algorithm for quadratic programming problem. The convergence of the method is proved and numerical results are presented. Both theoretical and numerical results show that the method is reliable and efficient.

High-resolution Absorption Spectra of Acetylene in 142.8-152.3 nm

The absorption spectra of acetylene molecules was measured under jet-cooled conditions in the wavelength range of 142.8-152.3 nm, with a tunable and highly resolved vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） laser generated by two-photon resonant four wave difference frequency mixing processes. Due to the sufficient vibrational and rotational cooling effect of the molecular beam and the higher resolution VUV laser, the observed absorption spectra exhibit more distinct spectral features than the previous works measured at room temperature. The major three vibrational bands are assigned as a C-C symmetry stretching vibrational progress （v2=0.2） of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. The observed shoulder peak at 148,2 nm is assigned to the first overtone band of the trans-bending mode V4 of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. Additionally, the two components, 4^20（μ^1Π） and 4^20（k^1Πu）, are suggested to exhibit in the present absorption spectra, due to their Renner-Teller effect and transition selection rule. All band origins and bandwidths are obtained subsequently, and it is found that bandwidths are broadened and lifetimes decrease gradually with the excitation of vibration.

Theoretical Studies on the Fe-M Interactions and 31p NMR in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2MX2 （X=NCS, SCN, CI; M=Zn, Cd, Hg）

To study the Fe-M interactions and their effects on 31p NMR, the structures of Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2 1, Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2M（NCS）2 （2： M=Zn, 3： M=Cd, 4： M=Hg） and Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2 （5： X=C1, 6： X=SCN） were investigated by density functional theory （DFT） PBE0 method. The stabilities S of complexes follow S（2）〉S（3）〉S（4） and S（3）,.~S（6）〉S（5）, indicating that 6 is stable and may be synthesized. The complexes with thiocyanate are more stable than that with chloride in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2. The strength I of Fe-M interactions follows I（2）≈I（3）〈I（4）. The Fe-Cd interactions of 3 and 6, which contain thiocyanate, are stronger than that of 5 with chloride. The charge-transfer, which enhances with the increasing of Fe-M interaction strength, comes from Et, Ph, py, CO groups towards P, Fe, and M atoms. Because the delocalization of thiocyanate disperses the charge of M2＋, the charge-transfer of the complexes with thiocyanate is stronger than that with chloride. There is a a-bond between Fe and Hg atoms in 4. However, in binuclear complexes except 4, the Fe-M interactions act as nFe→nM, σP-Fe→nM and σC-Fe→nM delocalization, and the N-M interactions mainly act as nN→nM delocalization. In binuclear complexes, due to the Fe→M interactions, the strong σFe--C→σ＊Fe--p or σFe-Hg→σ＊Fe--I2 delocalization and the charge-transfer, the electron density on P nucleus is increased, and thus upfield 31p chemical shifts are caused （compared with mononuclear complex 1）.

A rapid analysis of coal with furnace under controlled multiple temperature areas

A novel thermogravimetric analyzer system of furnace with multiple temperature controller was described,which mainly decreased the analysis cycle duration down to 20 min.Furthermore,the present C591 rapid analyzer system under software can monitor and control some coal physical and chemical properties like change of coal,control com- bustion regulation,operation of coal mixture,and improvement of the turnover rate of the transportation facilities as well.

Manufacture of Flax Reinforced PP Laminates and Research on the Tensile Properties

Flax fiber was used to reinforce Polypropylene （PP） owing to its lower impact on environment and suitable mechanical behaviors. To overcome the difficulty of penetrating fibers due to the high viscosity of thermo-plastic resin, PP filaments wrapping around the linen yam produced commingled yams, which were woven into fabrics as preforms to make laminates by optimum hot-pressing technology. The effects of fiber volume fraction, fabric density and structure on tensile properties of composites were researched through analyzing the tensile test results and the scanning electronic microscope （SEM） micrographs of fracture surface. Conclusions are drawn that the properties of laminates with fiber volume fraction of 0.50 are better than those with the other two fractions. For plain structure, the tensile properties in warp direction decrease according to the increase of weft density while in weft direction increase. For different fabric structures, properties of laminates with structures of plain 3, twill 2/2 and twill 3/1 increase gradually. And properties in weft direction are prior to those in warp direction for each laminate.

Knowledge Discovery for Event Series Decision Based on Rough Set

To make decisions about event series is part of our life, and to discover knowledge from these decisions is of great significance in the field of controlling and decision-making. The paper takes event series as the exterior form of movements with the dynamic attributes, and gets the Markov transition probabilities matrix to express those attributes with statistics. First, according to the matrix, the decision table is constructed. Then, by reducing attributes based on rough set theory, the decision table is reduced, and the decision rules are acquired as well. Finally we make the decision through defining rule distance and taking the minimum rule distance as decision principle. Followed is an example, which proves that the algorithm is feasible and effective to the event series decision.

Application of cusp catastrophe theory to reliability analysis of slopes in open-pit mines

A method of slope reliability analysis was developed by imposing a state equation on the limit equilibrium theory, given the basis of a fixed safety factor technique. Among the many problems of reliability analysis, the most important problem is to find a performance function. We have created a new method of building a limit state equation for planar slip surfaces by applying the mathematical cusp catastrophe theory. This new technique overcomes the defects in the traditional rigid limit equilibrium theory and offers a new way for studying the reliability problem of planar slip surfaces. Consequently, we applied the technique to a case of an open-pit mine and compared our results with that of the traditional approach. From the results we conclude that both methods are essentially consistent, but the reliability index calculated by the traditional model is lower than that from the catastrophic model. The catastrophe model takes into consideration two possible situations of a slope being in the limit equilibrium condition, i.e., it may or may not slip. In the traditional method, however, a slope is definitely considered as slipping when it meets the condition of a limit equilibrium. We conclude that the catastrophe model has more actual and instructive importance compared to the traditional model.

Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in patients with vestibular schwannomas:Experience of the Atlantic Lateral Skull Base Clinic

Neuropathic pain is chronic pain generated by disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system, including skull base tumours. A skull base tumour can be any type of tumour that forms in the skull base, and this includes vestibular schwannomas which arise from the sheath of the inner ear vestibulocochlear nerve(eighth cranial nerve). Growth of the tumour, surgical resection, and/or stereotactic radiotherapy may result incompression and/or irritation of the fifth cranial nerve(trigeminal nerve) resulting in facial pain and/or numbness. Non-trigeminal afferent input may contribute to the wide constellation of symptoms seen in orofacial pain patients. The purpose of this report was to develop a decision tool to guide the recognition and treatment of neuropathic pain in this specialized population. Recommendations for treatment are based on evidence presented in Canadian and international neuropathic treatment guidelines. Algorithms are included for assessment and treatment of adult patients with agents that are recognized to have analgesic efficacy within the broad context of neuropathic pain.

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.

The Phenomenological Approach as Epistemologically Support to Legitimize the Position of Oneself to the Other of Psychoanalysis

This work aims to show, in the phenomenology of Husserl, the relevance to seek the elements that give epistemological legitimacy and validity to the conceptualization that brings psychoanalytic theory to account for processes whose explanation necessarily imply to clarify that psychoanalysis, in contrast to psychological treatments, is not based on the effects of a relationship between the participants but in the positioning that each of them occupies relative to the other, particularly when having in mind the concept of transference and recognizing in it the position from which the analyst can give conditions of possibility--through his interventions--for which the patient may realize, analyze, and rethink his own position on what constitutes his discomfort. Husserl recaptures the Cartesian base from which opens philosophical reflection to a new area of research ＂in＂ consciousness where it is allowed to understand the relationship between subject and object from a new perspective that enables establishing an epistemology that substantiates the rigorous analysis of human subjectivity. Husserl＇s proposal introduces us to an epistemic field in which it can be shown and, that the psychoanalytic method which enables its effects is precisely the position of the analyst, while by his presence and intervention leads to the other in question, without having to abide by an alien desire, be able to position himself before his own desire. This analysis regarding the desire of oneself is indispensable to understand the elements at play in contemporary psychopathology, as in the present context the intensity of the demands generated in the economic apparatus, are experienced by the subject as arising from himself, erasing traces of his desire that is superseded by social imperatives that crushed and fragmented him.

Recent advances of TCM treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common and frequently encountered disease, which frequently appears in children. According to statistics, the percentage of AD patients between ages of 6 to 20 in dermatology clinics is 30%^1, and the incidence in school-age children is 2%-3%^2. AD has no corresponding nomenclature in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. According to the initial time of attack in early childhood, it cma be classified as NaiXuan and TaiXuan; according to the location of the disease （elbow fossa and popliteal fossa）, it can be classified as SiWanFeng; according to the specific cases of different characteristics of lesions, it can be classified as ShiChuang, JinYinchuang, XueFengChuang. In TCM, the etiology of AD is complicated. It is generally considered that the pathogenesis of AD is spleen deficiency and damp-heat^3. When children suffer from pathogenic wind, pathogenic dampness, pathogenic heat, or insufficient natural endowment, damp-heat is produced and it injures patients＇ skin. Also latent damp-heat can deplete the blood and succus in the body, dry the skin and lead to AD. In short, AD can be divided into 3 syndrome types in TCM： syndrome of spleen deficiency, syndrome of damp-heat, syndrome of blood deficiency. At present, the clinical study of AD treated by TCM is increasing, but the study of children＇s treatment is still rare. This article aims to make a summary of clinical studies of children＇s AD treated with TCM in recent years.

Phase Transitions in a Mixture of Hard-Sphere Dipoles and Neutral Hard Spheres

Using the reference hypernetted chain （RHNC） integral equation theory and a rigorous stability analysis method, we investigate the phase behavior of a mixture of hard-sphere dipoles and neutral hard spheres based on the correlations of the homogeneous isotropic phase. Lowering the temperature down to the points where the RHNC equations fail to have a solution, several ttuctuations strongly increase. At low densities our results indicate the onset of ／ chain formation, which is similar with the pure DHS system. At high densities, the results indicate the appearance of isotropic-to-ferroelectric transitions （small neutral hard spheres concentrations） and demixing transitions （large neutral hard spheres concentrations）.

The Virtue of Open-Mindedness

Bayesianism is a theory of probabilistic reasoning that attempts to capture the logic of confirming and disconfirming hypotheses. I first argue that Bayesianism reveals striking parallels between structures universally held as paradigms of rational belief systems and structures typically considered clear examples of irrational belief systems. I next explain that the crucial difference between these two types of belief systems is found not inside the systems but outside them, in the dynamics, i.e., the attitudes, by which such systems are revised and maintained. The principal attitude that distinguishes these belief systems is ＂open-mindedness.＂ I conclude that rationality and irrationality are primarily properties of attitudes, and derivatively of persons （who exhibit such attitudes） and of beliefs （that are maintained by such attitudes）. It turns out then that, on the one hand, the Bayesian approach reveals important truths about the nature of rationality and irrationality, but, on the other hand, it is inadequate as a theory of rationality, since it leaves some aspects of rationality and irrationality unaccounted for. The Bayesian analysis on the basis of which these conclusions are reached arises from a careful examination of the Duhem problem, which is the problem of determining the disconfirmation impact on the plausibility of hypotheses collectively responsible for a false observational consequence.

Analysis on Cost and Profit in Farming Activity in Malaysia

There is an excessive dissimilarity between scholars in how to accumulate output costs. Worldwide farming advancement is concerned with yield enhancement instead of a holistic natural source management for food safety. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding the achievement of agriculture systems subject to natural and conventional management in tropical and subtropical areas is insufficient. Why do several farmers record less profit than other farmers？ Cost in agriculture activity influences the volume of profit gained by farmers. The number of respondents was 53. Data analysis was made using linear regression analysis to achieve the objective. The scatter diagram manifested a positive connection in cost and profit in agriculture activity from 2009 to 2013. For each cost increase in 2009-2012, the model forecasts a rise of returns for every year. The rate of profit earned by farmers every year shifts considerably in relation to the rate of cost in agriculture activity. This study recommends common accounting principles practices that exercise bookkeeping and managerial accounting to enhance farmstead management and profit. Future research may be conducted on the use of compost fertilizer in increasing agricultural income.

从法庭裁定方法的选择看美国反垄断政策的演变

从1890年美国国会通过《谢尔曼法》开始,美国的反垄断政策已有了百余年的历史,留下了一系列具有里程碑性质的法庭判例。在各个不同的历史时期,受当时的宏观经济环境、政府经济哲学以及经济理论界观点的影响,美国的反垄断政策及执法经历了严厉和宽松相间的发展过程,这突出反映为条文分析法和理性分析法交替成为法庭在反垄断诉讼中的主导裁定方法。进入20世纪90年代以后,在芝加哥学派及其后续学说的推动下,美国的反垄断政策及法庭裁定方法又出现了一系列的新变化。