经济腐败的法理性质

经济腐败的实质是经济权力的异化和滥用。对其规制的传统理论由于混淆了经济权利与经济权力 ,只在权利控制的层次制约经济权力。而要真正实现对这种腐败的规制 ,必须实现从权利控制向权力控制的提升 。

大学学术不端行为问责的法理性质

大学学术不端行为问责是法律法规赋予高校等学术组织机构的一项学术管理权,是学术权力在学术治理领域中的具体体现。从法理的角度而言,学术不端行为问责作为一种规范性的学术权力,具备了"利益""资格"与"自由行为"等要素,是一种不能排除国家公权力影响的学术自治公权力,也是一种特殊意义上的"行政处罚",这一法理性质体现了新时代大学学术治理受控性与自由性的双重统一。

操纵证券市场行为法理性质的探讨

证券市场中的操纵市场行为是严重的证券违法行为,其行为危害严重且较为隐蔽。与虚假陈述行为和内幕交易行为相比,我国《证券法》对其规制很少,学界对操纵市场行为理论问题研究不足。在评析现有理论的基础上,对操纵市场行为的破坏市场秩序性、交易性、人为意图性和侵权行为特殊性的法理性质进行再认识,提出对操纵证券市场行为法理性质的一个新思路,以推动对操纵市场行为责任体系的构建。

高校内部规章性质的法理探析

学校内部规章制度是维护学校正常教育教学秩序的必要手段。近年,由于层出不穷的教育纠纷,学界对高校校内规章逐渐开始关注,但是,这些关注大多只是初步涉及高校规章的制定权及制定程序等问题,对高校规章的性质基本没有涉及。校内规章的性质,受限于管理权限的性质,不同性质的规章是不同权利(力)类型的表现,而规章的性质直接决定了规章的效力和实施方式,可以说,探明和澄清校内规章的性质是解决教育法律纠纷的关键所在。

全民所有自然资源资产保护和使用规划的功能定位与编制路径

研究目的:解析全民所有自然资源资产保护和使用规划的性质、定位、与相关规划的衔接关系、编制路径与主要内容。研究方法:基于产权理论、自然资源价值理论和资产规划理论的归纳演绎。研究结果:自然资源资产保护和使用规划兼具民事和行政属性,基于所有权和监管权的规划内容应有差异。规划定位是包含了资产选择搭配规划、资产运营规划和资产管理工作规划的自然资源资产权益管理顶层设计,是国土空间用途管制下的国有资产运营规划。自然资源资产规划与国土空间规划相互支撑、补充。研究结论:自然资源资产保护和使用方案应按照“分区、分类、分级”的技术思路编制,规划内容应包含资产管理制度建设和资产保护使用方案两项主要构成。

Analysis of radial basis function interpolation approach

The radial basis function （RBF） interpolation approach proposed by Freedman is used to solve inverse problems encountered in well-logging and other petrophysical issues. The approach is to predict petrophysical properties in the laboratory on the basis of physical rock datasets, which include the formation factor, viscosity, permeability, and molecular composition. However, this approach does not consider the effect of spatial distribution of the calibration data on the interpolation result. This study proposes a new RBF interpolation approach based on the Freedman＇s RBF interpolation approach, by which the unit basis functions are uniformly populated in the space domain. The inverse results of the two approaches are comparatively analyzed by using our datasets. We determine that although the interpolation effects of the two approaches are equivalent, the new approach is more flexible and beneficial for reducing the number of basis functions when the database is large, resulting in simplification of the interpolation function expression. However, the predicted results of the central data are not sufficiently satisfied when the data clusters are far apart.

Physicochemical properties and heavy metals leachability of fly ash from coal-fired power plant

The physicochemical properties of fly ash from two kinds of coal-fired power plants were studied. Three aspects were examined： the micro-morphology, the mineral composition and the content of heavy metals. The results show that the fly ash from plants using a circulating fluidized bed are more irregular par- ticles, while the particles from the plants using a pulverized coal-fired boiler are mainly spherical in shape. Quartz and mullite are the main crystalline phases in the ash. Clearly, both the technology and the coal used by a power plant can influence the mineral composition of the ash. The mineral composition of fly ash from a circulating fiuidized bed is more complex than that from a pulverized coal-fired boiler. The quantity of elements found in the fly ash is greater than that found in the bottom ash for the same plant. Heavy metals are likely to be enriched in the fly ash. Heavy metal leachability was studied using two leaching methods. The results indicate that most of the heavy metals that leached during either batch leaching or column leaching experiments did not exceed the related maximum concentration standards. But Ni concentrations in the leachates from both batch and column tests exceed the standard. The highest excess rates in both tests were 572~ and 497~, which levels might threaten the environment.

Physical Properties in Drying of Food Products with Combined Sublimation and Evaporation

Drying is an important unit operation in processing of biological resources. The drying process may influence the product properties and quality, which may shrink, break or undergo rheological, physical and biochemical changes. The important parameters responsible for such changes are drying conditions, type of drying technology and residence drying time. Thermal conductivity, thermal-mass diffusivity, enthalpy, porosity and density are the main material property and heat-mass transfer parameters, which are essential for understanding the changes in product quality and for designing and dimensioning the drying processes. In this paper physical properties of food products undergoing a combined sublimation and evaporation were studied. Pieces of vegetables and potatoes were dried in a heat pump fluidized bed dryer at combined modes with temperatures below the freezing point in the beginning and a final drying step at temperatures above the freezing point. Samples of products were tested at different moisture contents with respect to physical properties. Physical properties of leek and potato samples were measured and mass diffusivities were determined from drying kinetic data. Based on bulk density and rehydration measurements it was clearly observed that drying temperature and modes influenced the final product physical properties. The potato cube run dried with initial atmospheric freeze-drying step had rehydration ability 430%above a run dried only above the freezing point. The average effective mass diffusivity for 5 mm slabs of leek was 0.5 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the sublimation stage and 2.2 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the evaporation stage.

High-resolution Absorption Spectra of Acetylene in 142.8-152.3 nm

The absorption spectra of acetylene molecules was measured under jet-cooled conditions in the wavelength range of 142.8-152.3 nm, with a tunable and highly resolved vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） laser generated by two-photon resonant four wave difference frequency mixing processes. Due to the sufficient vibrational and rotational cooling effect of the molecular beam and the higher resolution VUV laser, the observed absorption spectra exhibit more distinct spectral features than the previous works measured at room temperature. The major three vibrational bands are assigned as a C-C symmetry stretching vibrational progress （v2=0.2） of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. The observed shoulder peak at 148,2 nm is assigned to the first overtone band of the trans-bending mode V4 of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. Additionally, the two components, 4^20（μ^1Π） and 4^20（k^1Πu）, are suggested to exhibit in the present absorption spectra, due to their Renner-Teller effect and transition selection rule. All band origins and bandwidths are obtained subsequently, and it is found that bandwidths are broadened and lifetimes decrease gradually with the excitation of vibration.

Theoretical Studies on the Fe-M Interactions and 31p NMR in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2MX2 （X=NCS, SCN, CI; M=Zn, Cd, Hg）

To study the Fe-M interactions and their effects on 31p NMR, the structures of Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2 1, Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2M（NCS）2 （2： M=Zn, 3： M=Cd, 4： M=Hg） and Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2 （5： X=C1, 6： X=SCN） were investigated by density functional theory （DFT） PBE0 method. The stabilities S of complexes follow S（2）〉S（3）〉S（4） and S（3）,.~S（6）〉S（5）, indicating that 6 is stable and may be synthesized. The complexes with thiocyanate are more stable than that with chloride in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2. The strength I of Fe-M interactions follows I（2）≈I（3）〈I（4）. The Fe-Cd interactions of 3 and 6, which contain thiocyanate, are stronger than that of 5 with chloride. The charge-transfer, which enhances with the increasing of Fe-M interaction strength, comes from Et, Ph, py, CO groups towards P, Fe, and M atoms. Because the delocalization of thiocyanate disperses the charge of M2＋, the charge-transfer of the complexes with thiocyanate is stronger than that with chloride. There is a a-bond between Fe and Hg atoms in 4. However, in binuclear complexes except 4, the Fe-M interactions act as nFe→nM, σP-Fe→nM and σC-Fe→nM delocalization, and the N-M interactions mainly act as nN→nM delocalization. In binuclear complexes, due to the Fe→M interactions, the strong σFe--C→σ＊Fe--p or σFe-Hg→σ＊Fe--I2 delocalization and the charge-transfer, the electron density on P nucleus is increased, and thus upfield 31p chemical shifts are caused （compared with mononuclear complex 1）.

Physicochemical properties of DMI-LiNO_(3) solvated ionic liquid and its application in electrodeposition of neodymium at room temperature

The density,conductivity,and viscosity of the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone and lithium nitrate(DMILiNO_(3))solvated ionic liquid were measured as a function of temperature.Additionally,the electrochemical mechanism and electrodeposition of neodymium from the DMI-LiNO_(3) solvated ionic liquid were investigated.Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the electrochemical reduction of Nd(Ⅲ)is irreversible and proceeds via one-step with three-electron transfer,which is controlled by diffusion with a diffusion coefficient of 5.08×10^(-8) cm^(2)/s.Energydispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirm that the electrodeposit obtained after electrodeposition at-4 V(vs Ag)using the DMI-LiNO_(3)-Nd(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(3) solvated ionic liquid contains metallic neodymium.

A rapid analysis of coal with furnace under controlled multiple temperature areas

A novel thermogravimetric analyzer system of furnace with multiple temperature controller was described,which mainly decreased the analysis cycle duration down to 20 min.Furthermore,the present C591 rapid analyzer system under software can monitor and control some coal physical and chemical properties like change of coal,control com- bustion regulation,operation of coal mixture,and improvement of the turnover rate of the transportation facilities as well.

Nanometallocarbosilanes： Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Structure

Highly efficient synthesis methods have been developed and characteristics of nanometallocarbosilanes molecular structure were studied by the research team of GNIIChTEOS （State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds）. Nanometallocarbosilanes were synthesized by thermal co-condensation of oligocarbosilanes and alkyl amides of refractory metals. Initial, intermediate and final products of side reactions were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance）, IR （infra-red） spectroscopy, GPC （gel-penetrating chromatography）, TGA （thermal gravimetric analysis）, TEM （transmission electron microscopy）, SEM （scanning electron microscopy）, RES （X-ray phase analysis） and elemental analysis. The proposed synthesis method of nanometallocarbosilanes was lbund to produce fusable soluble organosilicon oligomers with homogeneous distribution of nanoscale （10-20 nm） metal particles in the oligomer matrix. A computational model of the group and elemental composition of nanometallocarbosilanes was developed; it was shown that they are molecular globules of near-spherical shape and rigid polycyclic structure. Thermochemical treatment of nanometallocarbosilanes leads to SiC-nanoceramics （a high yield of up to 75-80 mass%） modified by metal nanoparticles （20-30 nm） contributing to its stabilization. The application of preceramic oxygen-free nanometallocarbosilanes will make it possible to advance in solving the problem of ceramic composite materials with long-term resistance at temperatures above 1,500 ℃ in oxidizing environments.

Physicochemical properties of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone−ZnCl_(2)solvated ionic liquid and its application in zinc electrodeposition

Zinc chloride(ZnCl_(2))was dissolved in the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone(DMI)solvent,and the metallic zinc coatings were obtained by electrodeposition in room-temperature ambient air.The conductivity(σ),viscosity(η),and density(ρ)of the DMI−ZnCl_(2)solvated ionic liquid at various temperatures(T)were measured and fitted.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behavior of Zn(II)in the DMI−ZnCl_(2)solvated ionic liquid,indicating that the reduction of Zn(II)on the tungsten electrode was a one-step two-electron transfer irreversible process.XRD and SEM−EDS analysis of the cathode product confirmed that the deposited coating was metallic zinc.Finally,the effects of deposition potential,temperature and duration on the morphology of zinc coatings were investigated.The results showed that a dense and uniform zinc coating was obtained by potentiostatic electrodeposition at−2 V(vs Pt)and 353 K for 1 h.

Effect of Freezing Rate and Freezing Method on Physical Properties of Fish Balls Made with Various Flour Contents

The objective was to investigate the major effect of freezing rate and freezing methods on physical properties of fish balls made with various flour contents. The fish balls were observed to be almost in temperature at -28℃ for air-blast freezer, at -100 ℃ in the liquid nitrogen and the standard house freezing were done at -18℃. The air-blast had the freezing rate of 11.82-20.84 cm h1 while those frozen by liquid nitrogen had the freezing rate of 13.36-22.38 cm/h and standard house freezer held lower freezing rate （7. ! 5-8.02 cm hl）. Texture profile analysis results showed that ubi badak＇s flour gel was harder, sticky, gummy and chewy than that of wheat and banana＇s flour gels. The proximate analysis revealed that wheat flour had higher protein and moisture content compared to banana and ubi badak flours.

Effect of Tillage and Planting Methods on the Soil Properties, Grain Drill Performance, and Wheat Yield

The effect of conservation tillage methods and seeding machines on the soil physical properties, performance of grain drill, wheat yield, and wheat yield components was evaluated. The research was conducted in a split block experimental design with twelve treatments and four replications, and a local wheat variety （Shiraz） was planted in this study. Main plots were tillage methods including： （1） primary tillage using moldboard plow without moldboard; （2） primary tillage with disk harrow; and （3） primary tillage with chisel plow. Subplots were grain drill types including： （1） planting with Taka grain drill without furrower; （2） planting with Taka grain drill having furrower; （3） planting with Hamadan Machine Barzegar grain drill having furrower and runner opener; 4） planting with grain drill having ripple opener. Parameters including mean weight diameter of clods （MWD）, soil bulk density, uniformity of seed planting depth, seed distribution uniformity, seed emergence, crop yield, and crop yield components were measured. SAS software was used to analyze the collected data and the method of benefit to cost ratio was used to compare the treatments from the economic point of view. Results indicated that tillage method had no significant effect （P = 0.05） on the measured parameters. Plant per unit area, seed emergence, uniformity of seed planting depth, and MWD were significantly affected by the grain drill type （P 〈 0.05） while, the type of grain drill had no significant effect on the rest of measured parameters. Taka grain drill without furrower had the highest uniformity of planting depth and proper soil MWD, and grain drill with ripple opener had the highest seed emergence and plant per unit area. Interaction between tillage methods and grain drill types affected the soil MWD, seed emergence, and crop yield （P 〈 0.05） in such a way that the combination of primary tillage with disk harrow and planting with grain drill having ripple opener provided the highest crop yield.

Three-dimensional stability analysis of anisotropic and non-homogeneous slopes using limit analysis

A method of three-dimensional loaded slope stability for anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes was presented based on the upper-bound theorem of the limit analysis approach. The approach can be considered as a modification and extension of the solutions. The influences of friction angle, anisotropy factor, nonhomogeneous factor, slope angle, ratio of width to depth, and load on the slope crest were investigated. The results show that solutions are suitable to deal with the purely cohesive soils and frictional/cohesive soils, isotropic and anisotropic, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous, loaded and unloaded cases.

Heteroclinic Orbit Existence on a Type of Chaotic System with Delays

In this paper, we discuss a type of chaotic system with delays. We study the equilibrium points and the existence of heteroclinic orbit of the system. Heteroclinic orbit existence theorem is proposed and proved by applying the undetermined coefficient method, which shows the complex dynamical properties of this system.

Effect of Preparation Method on the Physicochemical Properties of MoVNbTe Catalyst for Propane Ammoxidation to Acrylonitrile

MoVNbTe catalyst has been found to be the most active and selective catalyst in the ammoxidation of propane to ACN, the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. However, in our previous work, when 0.5 mL of MoVNbTe catalyst prepared using slurry method was tested in the propane ammoxidation to ACN, it only shows 1% conversion of propane with about 55% selectivity to CAN, thus giving only 0.6% yields to ACN. The poor catalyst activity is attributed to insufficient formation of crystalline phases essential for the propane activation process. In an attempt to improve the physicochemical properties of this catalyst, several preparation methods have been used, namely hydrothermal, reflux, changing the solvent and changing the calcinations temperature. The modified catalysts have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction （XRD） and N2 physisorption （BET）. The MoVNbTe catalyst prepared by hydrothermal method shows a remarkable improvement in the formation of crystalline phases.

Visible and Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Prediction of Soil Properties near a Copper Smelter

Spatial and temporal monitoring of soil properties in smelting regions requires collection of a large number of sam- ples followed by laboratory cumbersome and time-consuming measurements. Visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （VNIR-DRS） provides a rapid and inexpensive tool to predict various soil properties simultaneously. This study evaluated the suitability of VNIR-DRS for predicting soil properties, including organic matter （OM）, pH, and heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Fe）, using a total of 254 samples collected in soil profiles near a large copper smelter in China. Partial least square regression （PLSR） with cross-validation was used to relate soil property data to the reflectance spectral data by applying different preprocessing strategies. The performance of VNIR-DRS calibration models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination in cross-validation （R^2cv） and the ratio of standard deviation to the root mean standard error of cross-validation （SD/RMSEcv）. The models provided fairly accurate predictions for OM and Fe （R2v 〉 0.80, SD/RMSEcv 〉 2.00）, less accurate but acceptable for screening purposes for pH, Cu, Pb, and Cd （0.50 〈 Rcv 〈 0.80, 1.40 〈 SD/RMSEcv 〈 2.00）, and poor accuracy for Zn （R2v 〈 0.50, SD/RMSEcv 〈 1.40）. Because soil properties in conta- minated areas generally show large variation, a comparative large number of calibrating samples, which are variable enough and uniformly distributed, are necessary to create more accurate and robust VNIR-DRS calibration models. This study indicated that VNIR-DRS technique combined with continuously enriched soil spectral library could be a nondestructive alternative for soil environment monitoring.