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政策、法规的选择与评价方法——20世纪90年代以来的费用-效益分析 被引量:4
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作者 黄渝祥 刘俊 《当代财经》 CSSCI 北大核心 2005年第8期52-55,共4页
自20世纪80年代以来,费用-效益分析(CBA)和经济学的其它领域一样,一旦进入规范领域,其学术热情就减退了。但是,形成鲜明对照的是,美国和发达国家政府的法规部门对此表现出从未有过的重视。几乎多数国家都有国家统一的关于公共项目或公... 自20世纪80年代以来,费用-效益分析(CBA)和经济学的其它领域一样,一旦进入规范领域,其学术热情就减退了。但是,形成鲜明对照的是,美国和发达国家政府的法规部门对此表现出从未有过的重视。几乎多数国家都有国家统一的关于公共项目或公共经济政策的评价准则或指南,而所有这些准则或指南都无一例外地使用CBA的原理和原则或相同原理下的最小费用法或费用-效果分析。然而,作为一种政策评价的框架,CBA还是没有解决评价结论的精确性和可靠性。但是,这种评价的框架和过程在实现法规和政务透明化中有重要的政治性作用。 展开更多
关键词 费用-效益分析 费用-效果分析 法规评价 环境与健康 生命价值
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我国信息法规建设现状评价与对策研究——基于“中国信息法规数据库”的实证分析(Ⅱ):我国信息法规建设现状分析 被引量:1
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作者 马费成 杜佳 《情报学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2004年第2期209-215,共7页
本文从多个角度对"中国信息法规数据库"中的数据进行了分析研究,从而揭示了我国信息法规建设的成就及不足.
关键词 中国 信息法规 法规评价 科技信息 知识产权法 法规体系 立法程序 地方差异
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不同类型地方性法规立法后评估指标体系研究 被引量:20
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作者 俞荣根 《现代法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第5期171-184,共14页
地方性法规可区分为"宪法类"、"经济类"、"行政类"、"社会类"等不同类型,不同类型的立法质量评价指标体系亦应有所差异。每一类型地方性法规的立法后评估指标体系都由文本评价子体系和效益评... 地方性法规可区分为"宪法类"、"经济类"、"行政类"、"社会类"等不同类型,不同类型的立法质量评价指标体系亦应有所差异。每一类型地方性法规的立法后评估指标体系都由文本评价子体系和效益评价子体系组成,它们的一级指标内容和数量尽量少作更动,主要调整二级指标的内容和分值来体现不同类型法规评价体系的差异。同时,文本评价和效益评价两个子体系在综合评价中的占比权重也有所不同。 展开更多
关键词 地方性法规的不同类型 不同类型地方性法规立法后质量评价指标体系
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加拿大环境评价 被引量:1
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作者 印士勇 陈桂蓉 《水利水电快报》 2006年第23期22-25,共4页
加拿大是世界上面积第二大的国家,拥有丰富的自然资源和良好的自然环境。该国注重在经济发展的同时保护好环境。通常在一个项目开始实施前,先对其进行环境评价,以消除或减少该项目对环境造成的潜在影响。介绍了加拿大环境评价署的职责... 加拿大是世界上面积第二大的国家,拥有丰富的自然资源和良好的自然环境。该国注重在经济发展的同时保护好环境。通常在一个项目开始实施前,先对其进行环境评价,以消除或减少该项目对环境造成的潜在影响。介绍了加拿大环境评价署的职责、环境影响评价法的适用范围及条件,环境影响评价启动机制、类型、程序等,并对环境影响评价方面的一些专用术语进行了解释,概述了加拿大环境评价及相关立法发展历程。 展开更多
关键词 环境评价 职责范围 评价程序 环境评价法规 加拿大
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德国环境影响评价流程及其启示 被引量:1
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作者 蔡毅春 《绿色建筑》 CAS 2018年第2期21-25,共5页
德国环境影响评价流程与中国存在较大差别。介绍了德国环境影响评价的相关法律法规,总结了德国环境影响评价实施的具体流程,分析了流程中的每个步骤。对比德国和中国环境影响评价流程后发现:德国环境影响评价的最大特点是项目最终审批... 德国环境影响评价流程与中国存在较大差别。介绍了德国环境影响评价的相关法律法规,总结了德国环境影响评价实施的具体流程,分析了流程中的每个步骤。对比德国和中国环境影响评价流程后发现:德国环境影响评价的最大特点是项目最终审批部门主导了整个环境影响评价流程,而不仅是审阅环境影响评价报告和给出审批结果。对中国环境影响评价流程提出优化建议:引入环境影响评价工作具体开展前的沟通商讨会环节,公众参与的主体可由业主转为中立的政府部门或政府委托单位。这些可为中国环境影响评价流程的改进和完善提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 环境影响评价流程 德国环境影响评价法律法规 环境保护 流程优化 公众参与
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Application Comparison of Association Rules and C4.5 Rules in Land Evaluation 被引量:3
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作者 李亭 杨敬锋 陈志民 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第4期144-147,共4页
Association rules and C4.5 rules can overcome the shortage of the traditional land evaluation methods and improve the intelligibility and efficiency of the land evaluation knowledge.In order to compare these two kinds... Association rules and C4.5 rules can overcome the shortage of the traditional land evaluation methods and improve the intelligibility and efficiency of the land evaluation knowledge.In order to compare these two kinds of classification rules in the application,two fuzzy classifiers were established by combining with fuzzy decision algorithm especially based on Second General Soil Survey of Guangdong Province.The results of experiments demonstrated that the fuzzy classifier based on association rules obtain a higher accuracy rate,but with more complex calculation process and more computational overhead;the fuzzy classifier based on C4.5 rules obtain a slightly lower accuracy,but with fast computation and simpler calculation. 展开更多
关键词 Land evaluation Association rules C4.5 Algorithm Fuzzy decision
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Soil Quality Assessment Using Weighted Fuzzy Association Rules 被引量:12
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作者 XUE Yue-Ju LIU Shu-Guang +1 位作者 HU Yue-Ming YANG Jing-Feng 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第3期334-341,共8页
Fuzzy association rules (FARs) can be powerful in assessing regional soil quality, a critical step prior to land planning and utilization; however, traditional FARs mined from soil quality database, ignoring the impor... Fuzzy association rules (FARs) can be powerful in assessing regional soil quality, a critical step prior to land planning and utilization; however, traditional FARs mined from soil quality database, ignoring the importance variability of the rules, can be redundant and far from optimal. In this study, we developed a method applying different weights to traditional FARs to improve accuracy of soil quality assessment. After the FARs for soil quality assessment were mined, redundant rules were eliminated according to whether the rules were significant or not in reducing the complexity of the soil quality assessment models and in improving the comprehensibility of FARs. The global weights, each representing the importance of a FAR in soil quality assessment, were then introduced and refined using a gradient descent optimization method. This method was applied to the assessment of soil resources conditions in Guangdong Province, China. The new approach had an accuracy of 87%, when 15 rules were mined, as compared with 76% from the traditional approach. The accuracy increased to 96% when 32 rules were mined, in contrast to 88% from the traditional approach. These results demonstrated an improved comprehensibility of FARs and a high accuracy of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 ACCURACY COMPREHENSIBILITY global weights
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Research on Clothing Retail Store Location in Shanghai Business Streets With Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
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作者 仓平 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2005年第2期94-99,共6页
Based on the factors influencing location selection, this paper set up an evaluation system and got evaluation results of the related indexes in four main business centers in Shanghai with fuzzy comprehensive evaluati... Based on the factors influencing location selection, this paper set up an evaluation system and got evaluation results of the related indexes in four main business centers in Shanghai with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In the mean time, this method can be applied in the evaluation of retail store location selection. 展开更多
关键词 Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method LOCATION Downtown
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A method of rule-base optimization based on evaluation
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作者 张春祥 李生 +2 位作者 杨沐昀 赵铁军 时晓升 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2009年第5期708-712,共5页
For improving the translation quality of transfer-based MT system,a new metric for rule evaluation was proposed and applied to rule-base optimization.At the same time,a frequency filter was used to delete redundance b... For improving the translation quality of transfer-based MT system,a new metric for rule evaluation was proposed and applied to rule-base optimization.At the same time,a frequency filter was used to delete redundance before new acquired rules were added into rule-base.The new optimization method was applied to a general MT system.Experimental results show that the frequency filter is helpful to provide the knowledge expansion space of MT system for new acquired rules.The translation assessment score of open test corpus (including 2500 Chinese sentences) obtained is increased by 3.58% under 5-gram Nist metric,which is two times of that obtained by previous methods. 展开更多
关键词 rule-base optimization transfer-based MT assessment score
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Criteria for determining illegality and the theory of anti-value acts (Handlungsunwert): with a discussion of the standpoint of contemporary Chinese criminal jurisprudence 被引量:1
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作者 Zhou Guangquan 《Social Sciences in China》 2009年第3期25-40,共16页
The doctrine of illegality serves as a touchstone of criminal law theory, and research into the criteria for determining illegality is of great significance for promoting debate between different schools of thought an... The doctrine of illegality serves as a touchstone of criminal law theory, and research into the criteria for determining illegality is of great significance for promoting debate between different schools of thought and for the overall development of Chinese criminal jurisprudence. The theories of anti-value consequences (Erfolgsunwert) and anti-value acts (Handlungsunwert) take different approaches to thinking about the issue of illegality, leading to differences in the scope of establishing what constitutes a crime, the process of determining whether a crime has been committed, the relationship between crime and punishment and the correlation between criminal law and society. The (dualistic) theory of anti-value acts takes into full consideration the social reality and normative anticipations of a given period and gives due weight to the function of criminal law in guiding behavior; it is therefore a rational theory. According to this view of illegality, the act is the core issue determining illegality; infringement of legal interests is simply an element determining the "nature of the act." Criminal law does not exist only to provide restitution for injury, but also aims to cultivate citizens' consciousness of norms to prevent possible future injury. Contemporary criminal jurisprudence in China should be constructed on the basis of the (dualistic) theory of anti-value acts with a view to responding to the needs of society and promoting normative identification on the part of the general public. 展开更多
关键词 doctrine of illegality evaluation criterion infringement of legal interests violation of norms standpoint of criminal law
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