江苏泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区后生浮游动物群落结构及影响因子

浮游动物在水生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和信息传递过程中起着重要作用.为探究江苏泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区后生浮游动物现状,研究于2020年8月—2021年7月对保护区水域的后生浮游动物进行了4次调查.研究发现后生浮游动物62属112种,其中轮虫32属67种,枝角类17属31种,桡足类13属14种.后生浮游动物平均密度为1636.31 ind./L,季节变化对密度有极显著的影响,空间变化对其有显著影响.研究发现,洪泽湖保护区共有15种优势种,优势种生态位宽度指数为0.14~0.84,生态位重叠指数为0.22~0.95,生态位重叠程度总体较高.Permanova分析结果表明,pH、水温(WT)、总氮(TN)、透明度(SD)是影响保护区后生浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子.使用物种多样性指数评价水质,结果显示保护区水体处于轻度-中度污染水平.本研究可为洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区生态环境监测、保护及管理等提供基础资料和科学依据.

江苏泗洪洪泽湖湿地自然保护区生态服务功能价值评估

在野外实际调查基础上,运用市场价值、影子工程、旅行费用等方法对江苏泗洪洪泽湖湿地自然保护区生态服务功能进行价值评估。结果显示,该保护区生态服务功能年均总价值约为13.97亿元,占泗洪县2005年国民生产总值的20.82%。重要物种栖息地、水分调节以及大气调节生态服务功能价值分别占总价值的27.49%、25.27%、19.33%,是该保护区的主要核心服务功能。泗洪湿地单位面积生态服务功能价值为28 299元.hm-2.a-1,分别为全球和中国湿地平均单位价值的4.09倍、4.85倍。在发展当地经济过程中,必须从该保护区湿地生态系统的基本特征出发,科学合理地保护、开发湿地资源。

Bird Species Diversity and Spatio-temporal Variation in the Sihong Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in Eastern China

As an important hub on the East Asian-Australian Flyway(EAAF),Hongze Lake is an important migratory stopover and wintering site for hundreds of thousands of birds.However,research on bird community diversity in this area is still lacking.We conducted a bird survey from July 2020 to June 2021 using the line transect method on the terrestrial habitat,as well as the fixed-point method in the lake wetland at the Sihong Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve located in northwestern Hongze Lake,and analyzed the temporal-spatial variation in the bird community.The results showed that a total of 170432 detections of 215 bird species belonging to 18 orders and 55 families were recorded.In terms of species composition,the proportion of terrestrial birds was relatively high,followed by waterfowl richness,with high numbers of Anatidae species and shorebirds.For bird species abundance,waterfowl had the highest abundance of common coot(Fulica atra),belonging to the Rallidae family,followed by Anatidae and Ardeidae species.The abundance of shorebirds was extremely low,and that of non-waterfowl was also low.In terms of temporal patterns,the number of bird species and richness index were higher in spring and autumn but lower in winter and summer.The bird abundance was the highest in winter,and the remaining three seasons were similar in terms of bird abundance.The diversity index and evenness index were higher in spring,summer and autumn,and lowest in winter.For the spatial pattern,the open water in the western part of the reserve included the most densely distributed areas for birds,and the number of bird species and their abundance were both the highest in that part.There were significant differences in the bird community structures among the four habitats.The species number and richness index of birds in the reed habitat were the highest,and the bird abundance was also high,but the diversity index and evenness index were low.Although the bird abundance in the lake habitat was much higher than in the other habitats,the diversity index,evenness index and richness index were the lowest.The numbers of bird species and individuals in tourist attraction land and farmland were low,but the diversity index,evenness index and richness index were high.Our results reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of bird species diversity and abundance in Sihong Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve,and reflect the effects of different habitat types on bird diversity.

1979～2006年洪泽湖西岸临淮镇附近湖泊变化研究

利用1979年、1988年和2006年多时相遥感影像数据,结合地面实况数据和其他辅助数据,研究1979～2006年间洪泽湖西岸临淮镇附近湖泊的变化,在地物遥感分类的基础上,计算湖泊变化频度,分析湖泊变化的原因。结果表明,湖泊水深变浅和围垦养殖是导致洪泽湖西岸临淮镇附近湖泊变化的主要原因。1979～1988年期间,洪泽湖西岸临淮镇大闸口附近的湖泊部分变化最大,昔日生长着挺水植物的湖泊变成了养殖池塘。1979～1988年期间,江苏泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区核心区的湖泊部分变化很小,1988～2006年期间,原来湖中的浮水植物逐渐为挺水植物所取代,生长沉水植物的湖泊部分相对比较稳定。研究发现,临淮镇东南方向湖区在过去有大量的挺水植物生长,但是1988年后,这些生长着挺水植物的湖泊被开垦成围网养殖区。临淮镇南面和王沙岛西部生长着沉水植物的湖泊水域基本没有变化。