Four directions for grassland management are set out under the Common Agricultural Policy： the existing, environmental, productional and integrated. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the agreement of production ...Four directions for grassland management are set out under the Common Agricultural Policy： the existing, environmental, productional and integrated. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the agreement of production potential of grassland with the strategy of the CAP on the background of commodity milk production. This work is connected with randomly selected 1656 farms from the north-eastern part of the Lublin province remaining the dairy cattle. Source material for analysis was derived from the evaluation reports of dairy farms and the datas of Voivodeship Statistical Office. Taken the average annual milk production and surface of permanent grasslands, were divided into three groups of management direction： I- existing, II- integrated, III- productional In a separate II group of this management, three subgroups were identified dependent on the volume of milk production： A-（20-50）, B-（50-100）, C-（100-350） thousand of liters. In the studied farms the participation of grasslands in the structure of agriculture fanning lands was significantly higher than the average in the region as well as in the country. The largest research group accounted 49.5% of farms producing 20-50 thousand liters of milk with an average area of 21.23 ha and sustained an average of 9.8 cows. Large proportion of permanent grassland in the structure of agricultural lands and large stocking density per 100 ha of grasslands in northeast farms of Lublin province indicate significant intensification of feed production on the farmlands.展开更多
The northern part of Poland is occupied by numerous lakes formed during the last glaciation as a result of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Studies carried out in the lake district areas show progressive reduction of the s...The northern part of Poland is occupied by numerous lakes formed during the last glaciation as a result of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Studies carried out in the lake district areas show progressive reduction of the surface area of the lakes, which leads to their eventual disappearance. The paper discusses the degree of the observed changes and points out main natural and anthropogenic factors influencing changes of lake area in Poland, including climate change, depth of lake basins, biomass growth, deforestation, hydrotechnical works, use of fertilizers and discharge of wastewater.展开更多
文摘Four directions for grassland management are set out under the Common Agricultural Policy： the existing, environmental, productional and integrated. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the agreement of production potential of grassland with the strategy of the CAP on the background of commodity milk production. This work is connected with randomly selected 1656 farms from the north-eastern part of the Lublin province remaining the dairy cattle. Source material for analysis was derived from the evaluation reports of dairy farms and the datas of Voivodeship Statistical Office. Taken the average annual milk production and surface of permanent grasslands, were divided into three groups of management direction： I- existing, II- integrated, III- productional In a separate II group of this management, three subgroups were identified dependent on the volume of milk production： A-（20-50）, B-（50-100）, C-（100-350） thousand of liters. In the studied farms the participation of grasslands in the structure of agriculture fanning lands was significantly higher than the average in the region as well as in the country. The largest research group accounted 49.5% of farms producing 20-50 thousand liters of milk with an average area of 21.23 ha and sustained an average of 9.8 cows. Large proportion of permanent grassland in the structure of agricultural lands and large stocking density per 100 ha of grasslands in northeast farms of Lublin province indicate significant intensification of feed production on the farmlands.
文摘The northern part of Poland is occupied by numerous lakes formed during the last glaciation as a result of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Studies carried out in the lake district areas show progressive reduction of the surface area of the lakes, which leads to their eventual disappearance. The paper discusses the degree of the observed changes and points out main natural and anthropogenic factors influencing changes of lake area in Poland, including climate change, depth of lake basins, biomass growth, deforestation, hydrotechnical works, use of fertilizers and discharge of wastewater.
