磁共振波谱成像(MRSI)的数据重建及波谱量化分析软件系统

采用交互式数据语言开发了基于PC机的磁共振波谱成像数据重建和波谱量化分析的软件系统。它可以实现临床MRSI原始数据和图像数据读入、代谢物种类设计、数字幻影模型生成、k-空间采样轨迹设计、k-空间原始数据生成、数据重建、波谱定量分析以及代谢物图像生成等功能。该系统有助于学习和开发新的MRSI采样轨迹,数据重建方法和波谱量化分析方法,在国内还未见前例。

磁共振波谱成像技术的研究现状及发展趋势

磁共振波谱成像是21世纪生物医学研究进入分子水平的重要检测工具之一,它对各种严重疾病具有早期诊断和疗效监控能力。本文介绍了磁共振波谱成像在成像技术与数据重建、波谱量化和临床研究等方面的研究现状,并探讨了其发展趋势。

Quantification of choline concentration following liver cell apoptosis using ~1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of quantifying liver choline concentrations in both normal and apoptotic rabbit livers in vivo, using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS: 1H-MRS was performed in 18 rabbits using a 1.5T GE MR system with an eight-channel head/neck receiving coil. Fifteen rabbits were injected with sodium selenite at a dose of 10 μmol/kg to induce the liver cell apoptosis. Point-resolved spectroscopy sequencelocalized spectra were obtained from 10 livers once before and once 24 h after sodium selenite injection in vivo. T1 and T2 relaxation time of water and choline was measured separately in the livers of three healthy rabbits and three selenite-treated rabbits. Hematoxylin and eosin and dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect and confirm apoptosis. Choline peak areas were measured relative to unsuppressed water using LCModel. Relaxation attenuation was corrected using the average of T1 and T2 relaxation time. The choline concentration was quantified using a formula, which was tested by a phantom with a known concentration. RESULTS: Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confirmed by TUNEL assay. In phantom experiment, the choline concentration (3.01 mmol/L), measured by 1H-MRS, was in good agreement with the actual concentration (3 mmol/L). The average T1 and T2 relaxation time of choline was 612 ± 15 ms and 74 ± 4 ms in the control group and 670 ± 27 ms and 78 ± 5 ms in apoptotic livers in vivo, respectively. Choline was quantified in 10 rabbits, once before and once after the injection with sodium selenite. The choline concentration decreased from 14.5 ± 7.57 mmol/L before sodium selenite injection to 10.8 ± 6.58 mmol/L (mean ± SD, n = 10) after treatment (Z = -2.395, P < 0.05, two-sample paired Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSION: 1H-MRS can be used to quantify liver choline in vivo using unsuppressed water as an internal reference. Decreased liver choline concentrations are found in sodium selenite-treated rabbits undergoing liver cell apoptosis.

Conformations and Structures of Ethoxycarbonyl Isothiocyanate Revealed by Rotational Spectroscopy

The ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate has been investigated by using supersonic jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy.Two sets of rotational spectra belonging to conformers TCC(with the backbone of C-C-O-C,C-O-C=O,and O-C(=O)-NCS being trans,cis,and cis arranged,respectively)and GCC(gauche,cis,and cis arrangement of the C-C-O-C,C-O-C=O,and O-C(=O)-NCS)have been measured and assigned.The measurements of13C,15N and34S mono-substituted species of the two conformers have also been performed.The comprehensive rotational spectroscopic investigations provide accurate values of rotational constants and14N quadrupole coupling constants,which lead to structural determinations of the two conformers of ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate.For conformer TCC,the values of Pcckeep constant upon isotopic substitution,indicating that the heavy atoms of TCC are effectively located in the ab plane.

Reagent optimization for on-line simultaneous polarographic determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of anextremely large excess of Zn^(2+)

Reagents are optimized for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in zinc sulfate solution, which contains an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). First, the reagents and their doses for the experiment are selected according to the characteristics of the zinc sulfate solution. Then, the reagent doses are optimized by analyzing the influence of reagent dose on the polarographic parameters(i.e. half-wave potential E_(1/2) and limiting diffusion current I_p). Finally, the optimization results are verified by simultaneously determining trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+). The determination results indicate that the optimized reagents exhibit wide linearity, low detection limits, high accuracy and good precision for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+) and Co^(2+) in the presence of an extremely large excess of Zn^(2+).

Analysis of Electroencephalogram Based on Wavelet Spectrum and Wavelet Entropy

Based on discrete wavelet transform, both relative wavelet energy （RWE） and segment wavelet entropy （SWE） of electroencephalogram （EEG） are defined in this paper. The RWE provides quantitatively the information about the relative energy associated with different frequency bands present in the EEG. The SWE carries information about the degree of order or disorder associated with different time segment of EEG evolution, which can determine the time-segment loealizations of abnormal dynamic processes of brain activity due to the localization characteristics of the wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the RWE and SWE are different between epileptic EEGs and normal EEGs, which demonstrate that the RWE and the SWE are helpful to analyze the dynamic behavior of different EEGs.

Simultaneous sensing of displacement and temperature with a single FBG

A novel fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor with simultaneous sensing of displacement and temperature is presented.The FBG is affixed on the cantilever inclinedly.The midpoint of FBG exactly coincides with the zero strain layer of a rectangular beam.The vertical displacement can be measured by the broadened bandwidth of FBG as the bandwidth is insensitive to temperature,while the temperature can be measured by the center wavelength shift as the wavelength shift is insensitive to vertical displacement.With 0.1 nm spectral resolution of the analyzer,sensitivities of bandwidth-displacement and center wavelength-temperature are 0.48 nm/mm and 0.05 nm/℃,resolutions are 0.2 mm and 2.0 ℃,and sensing ranges of displacement and temperature are up to 8.5 mm and 45℃ respectively.Experimental results match theoretical analyses very well.