泥曲河道内最小生态需水研究

生态需水研究是水资源开发和可持续利用中不可缺少的部分,目前计算河流生态需水的方法极多。从保护生物多样性的角度出发,结合河道断面和河道内生物信息,建立生物栖息地指标与流量之间的关系。生物栖息地指标包括:平均流速、水面宽、平均水深、湿周、过水断面面积、水力半径以及加权可利用栖息地面积(WUA)等,综合这些栖息地指标与流量的关系确定南水北调西线工程调水区泥曲河道内最小生态需水,为南水北调西线一期工程可调水量提供参考。结果表明,利用流速、水深、过水断面面积和水力半径确定河道最小生态需水小于多年平均流量的10%,利用水面宽、湿周、WUA等计算的结果分别是多年平均流量的56%、48%和32%。最终确定泥曲泥柯站河道内最小生态需水为19.3 m3/s,朱巴站最小生态需水为29.8 m3/s,位于Tennant法计算结果的"较好范围"生态需水等级,可以对河流栖息地提供比较好的保护。

Long-Term Impact of Extra Sediment on Notches and Incised Meanders in the Hoshe River, Taiwan

The extra sediment load induced by typhoons and rainstorms in the Heshe River, Taiwan, are the principal reason for severe sediment-related disasters. The total sediment load during Typhoon Morakot in 9009 was 31 x lo6 m3, accounting for 95% of the annual sediment discharge. Large amounts of sediment load entered the Hoshe River, causing the braiding index （BI） to increase. Subsequently, the BI became positively correlated with the channel width in the Hoshe River. The specific typhoon and rainstorm events decreased after Typhoon Morakot, the sediment input decreased, inducing the fluvial morphology of the braided river to develop into a meandering river. The extra sediment load induced the deposition depth to increase and produce a headward deposition in the main channel and its tributaries. In addition, the river bend and the topographical notch restrained the sediment from moving downstream and being stored locally, indirectly increasing the erosion density of the river banks from 2.5 to lo.5 times.