25^#黑药在选别铅锌硫化物泥质矿实践中的使用

采用 2 5 #黑药作为捕收剂在选别含泥质较多的铅锌硫化物矿石 ,有效控制了因泥质而引起的“跑槽”,而且液面稳定 ,易于操作 ,质量指标也得到了明显提高 。

七六五矿多泥质低渗透性铀矿石酸法制粒堆浸室内试验分析

对于含泥质较多,低渗透性适宜酸浸矿石,可通过制粒的方法来改善其渗透性。选择能耐酸的制粒粘合剂是其关键所在。通过几种粘合剂对比,选择了一种天然的高分子化合物,确定了粘合剂用量,制粒原矿的最佳粒度、固化时间、改善了其渗透性,完全满足了浸出要求。同时还进行了槽浸、柱浸效果的比较。在室内制粒后柱浸浸出率93％,通过串柱浸出,节约硫酸55％。(与直接渗流漫出相比)

泥质氧化矿搅拌酸浸综合节能技术

常规搅拌浸出工艺投资大、能耗高、成本高。为此,采用矿石分级处理、工业余热利用、高效浓密进行澄清与洗涤,分别取代了矿石细磨、矿浆加热以及浸渣压滤工艺。试验结果表明,分级处理技术使得泥质矿浆-0.074mm达到81.33%,工业余热利用使得矿浆在50min内反应温度提高到60℃,高效浓密技术实现了矿浆的浓缩、澄清、洗涤三大功能。三项综合节能技术的应用,使浸出系统的总装机容量下降了33%,投资额下降了68.5%,成本下降了35.3%。通过对搅拌工艺的优化研究,拓展了搅拌浸出的应用范围。

某泥质难选氧化金矿选矿试验

为给川西某含砷泥质氧化金矿的高效开发利用提供技术依据,在工艺矿物学研究和探索性试验基础上,对氰化浸出—重选工艺的技术参数进行了研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度为-74μm占95%、石灰用量为1 000 g/t、NaCN用量为750 g/t、浸出矿浆液固比为2∶1、浸出时间为36 h情况下,可取得76.55%的金浸出率;金品位为1.32 g/t的氰化浸渣经6-S摇床粗选(摇床冲程为12 mm,冲次为300 r/min,床面横向坡度为2.5°,冲水量为2 m3/t,给矿速度为5 kg/min)、B型间断式排料Falcon离心机扫选(给料速度2 L/min,矿浆浓度为15%,离心力场为225g,反冲水压为0.02 MPa,转动频率为60 Hz),可获得金品位为33.79 g/t,金回收率为19.15%的重选金精矿,金的总回收率高达95.70%。

低品位高含泥氧化铜矿的制粒堆浸新工艺研究

目前,堆浸技术处理低含泥量的低品位氧化铜矿已经取得了令人满意的效果[1-6],且实现了工业化生产;但对高含泥量的低品位氧化铜矿,由于其渗透性能差,堆浸工艺尚不成熟.本研究选取含泥量高的低品位氧化铜矿石,分别进行了搅拌浸出试验和制粒柱浸试验,研究了矿石的浸出行为、制粒条件等.试验结果表明采用酸法制粒堆浸效果良好,浸出液峰值浓度较高,浸出率大于90%,酸耗较低,约为6%;矿石浸出后,颗粒保持完好,矿柱渗透性能良好;此类型的矿石采用酸法制粒浸出工艺在技术上可行.

煅烧工艺与钙硅比对水硬性石灰组成及性能的影响

煅烧工艺、原料钙硅比是影响天然水硬性石灰(NHL)矿物组成及性能的关键因素。本文以不同化学组成泥质石灰石尾矿为原料,采用不同煅烧工艺制备了NHL。采用正交试验与单因素试验相结合的方式对所制备NHL的矿物组成及抗压强度进行研究,分析了煅烧工艺与钙硅比对其性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着煅烧温度升高,NHL中气硬性矿物CaO含量减少,水硬性矿物硅酸二钙(Ca_(2)SiO_(4),C_(2)S)含量增加;煅烧温度对NHL的矿物组成及抗压强度影响最为显著,保温时间与升温速率次之;在煅烧温度1 000~1 100℃范围内,利用给定的泥质石灰石尾矿制备的天然水硬性石灰满足NHL2、NHL3.5强度等级要求;当钙硅比在3.55~6.76范围内,NHL抗压强度随钙硅比的增大先降低后升高,而CaO含量呈增大趋势。

Effect of substrate amendment on alkaline minerals and aggregate stability in bauxite residue

Bauxite residue is an alkaline waste material in the process of alumina production due to its characteristics of higher salinity and alkalinity,which results in environmental issues and extremely restricts the sustainable development of alumina industries.In this work,we conduct a column experiment to study the effects of two amendments on aggregate stability and variations in alkaline minerals of bauxite residue.The two amendments are phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphogypsum and vermicompost(PVC).The dominant fraction in aggregate is 1–0.25 mm in diameter on the surface,which takes up 39.34%,39.38%,and 44.51%for CK,PG,and PVC,respectively.Additions of PG and PVC decreased pH,EC,ESP,exchangeable Na^+concentration and the percentage of alkaline minerals,and then increased exchangeable Ca^2+concentration in bauxite residue.There was significant positive correlation between pH and exchangeable Na^+concentration,the percentage of cancrinite,tricalcium aluminate and calcite;while negative correlation was found in pH value versus exchangeable Ca^2+concentration.Theses findings confirmed that additions of phosphogypsum and vermicompost have a stimulative effect on aggregate stability in bauxite residue.In particular,amendment neutralization(phosphogypsum+vermicompost)in column represents an advantage for large-scale simulation of vegetation rehabilitate in bauxite residue disposal areas.

Quality evaluation of layerlike backfilling and flow pattern of backfill slurry in stope

Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.

Thermodynamic behaviors of Cu in interaction with chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and minerals during sewage sludge co-incineration

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl（g）, SO2（g） and （P2O5）2（g） were released from the sewage sludge co-incineration. Cl was found to weaken adsorption of Cu by Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, while S de- layed reactions of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with Cu, with P having no effect on reactions between the minerals and Cu. Among the coupled systems ofCl, S and P, the co-existences of Cl and S, and Cl, S and P were determined to inhibit Cu volatilization, and the co-existence of Cl and P had an enhancing effect Cu migration was affected only by S in the S and P system. With the SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 system, both Cl alone and Cl and P led to failed reactions be- tween the minerals and Cu. In the systems of S, S and Cl, S and P, and S, Cl and P, the migration behavior of Cu was mainly affected by S at low temperatures and by Cl at high temperatures, whereas P had no effect on Cu mi- gration during the entire nrocess.

Prediction model of slurry pH based on mechanism and error compensation for mineral flotation process

A suitable pH value of the slurry is a key to efficient mineral flotation. Considering the control delay problem of pH value caused by offline pH measurement, an integrated prediction model for pH value in bauxite froth flotation is proposed, which considers the effect of ore compositions on pH value. Firstly, a regression model is obtained for alkali(Na_2CO_3) consumed by the reaction between ore and alkali. According to the first-order hydrolysis of the remaining alkali, a mechanism-based prediction model is presented for the pH value. Then, considering the complexity of the flotation mechanism, an error prediction model which uses time series of the error of the mechanism model as inputs is presented based on autoregressive moving average(ARMA) method to compensate the mechanism model. Finally, expert rules are established to correct the error compensation direction, which could reflect the dynamic changes during the process accurately and effectively. Simulation results using industrial data show that the presented model meets the needs of the industrial process, which laid the foundation for predictive control of pH regulator.

Experimemal study on improving the durability of concrete with Mineral Powder and Activator

An equivalent amount of metallurgical slag, water-quenched slag powder and activator was substituted for a part of cement to prepare concretes at strength grades ofC25, C30 and C40. Thanks to the filling effect, pozzolanic effect, raicro-aggregate effect, and improvement of pore structure, the prepared concretes not only had greater strength compared with reference concrete, but also had greater impermeability and frost-resistance. Moreover, the expansion reactions between alkali and aggregates were effectively inhibited. The slag and activator can serve as the raw materials for green concretes.

Effect of proximal femoral osteoporosis on cementless hip arthroplasty: A short-term clinical analysis

Objective： The aim of this retrospective investigation was to explore the influence of femoral osteoporosis on short-term curative effects ofcementless hip arthroplasty and to evaluate the femoral metaphyseal bone mineral density （BMD） for femoral osteoporosis in order to guide prosthesis choice and rehabilitation. Methods： We performed 127 total arthroplasty operations between June 1999 to February 2003 and investigated 49 cementless hip replacements with the Metalcancellous cementless Lubeck Ⅱ system being used in all hips. There were twenty men and twenty-nine women whose mean age at the time of the operation was 60 years （range, 52-81 years）. The patients were divided into osteoporosis or normal groups according to the femoral metaphyseal BMD measured preoperatively. The average duration of follow-up was 30 months （range, 8-52 months）. We evaluated all of the patients from a clinical standpoint with use of a standard-terminology questionnaire with respect to the short-term curative effects and patients＇ satisfaction. Hip pain status and functional ability were important indicators of treatment efficacy. Results： Harris hip score and patients＇ satisfaction in femoral osteoporosis patients who underwent noncemented hip arthroplasty were lower （P=0.004, P=0.03） while the incidence of thigh pain was higher （P=0.03） than the patients with non-osteoporosis. Conclusion： The higher incidence of pain, as well as the decrease in function experienced by the patients in osteoporosis group, supports the case that cementless arthroplasty is not a better choice for those patients and that we had better select prosthesis based on the femoral metaphyseal BMD.

Microstructure analysis of deep rock in Meilinmiao Mine

SEM tests were conducted on four kinds of typical deep rocks in Meilinmiao Mine, and the micro properties were analyzed. The particles of gritstone are unbroken and particle diameter ranges from 80 lam to 400 pro, and the void between particles is wide. The macroscopic failure of gritstone is caused by breakage of the dung distributed between particles, and po- tassium feldspars contained in gritstone are not leached. The failure of medium sandstone is caused by micro cracks distributed in sandstone particles, and potassium feldspars are leached seriously, so the pores penetrate each other and there is close hy- draulic connection in medium sandstone. The particles of fine sandstone are broken, and the particle diameters range from 60 pm to 300 pm, which determines the pores have good connectivity between particles. The dolomites contained in fine sand- stone are corroded, and the micro fracture form belongs to inter-granular fracture. There are no particles and blocks in micro- structure of sandy mudstone, but there are diverse micro cracks. The failure of mudstone arises from the extension of micro cracks, and the microstructure is different from the other three kinds of sandstones obviously.

Volcanic Debris-avalanche Deposits of the Laoheishan Volcano and Huoshaoshan Volcano in Wudalianchi

Large amounts of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, which take the shape of hummocks, are distributed around the peripheries of the Laoheishan volcano and Huoshaoshan volcano in Wudalianchi World Geopark. In earlier times, they were called "satellite volcanoes", namely, freestanding volcanoes. This paper points out that these deposits actually came from the collapse of the cones of these two volcanoes. When the lava flow spilled out at the base of the slope of the cones, the slope broke up and collapsed under the action of gravity. Later, ravines were formed on the slope. Caved slope clastics, accompanying lava flow, accumulated at the rims of the volcano cones. Although some accumulations may form very large cones, they are not volcanoes, but deposits of volcanic debris avalanches.

Clay mineralogy of the first and second members of the Nenjiang Formation, Songliao Basin: Implications for paleoenvironment in the Late Cretaceous

The first and second members ofthe Nenjiang Formation （K2n1＋2） in the Songliao Basin, northeast China, are an interval of dark-colored mudstone. Paleoenvironmental studies of these strata are useful for understanding the terrestrial environment under a greenhouse climate and hydrocarbon accumulation in lake basins. In this study, clay mineralogy of the K2n1＋2 from four borehole or outcrop sections is investigated to understand terrestrial paleoenvironment during the depositional period in the Late Cretaceous. In the mudstone samples, smectite and illite are the predominant clay minerals, and were derived from weathering of parent rocks in a temperate, sub-humid to sub-arid climate; kaolinite and chlorite are minor clay species. The difference in the clay-mineral assemblages between the eastern and western margins of the basin was primarily controlled by provenance lithology, and the high smectite content in the western basin resulted from alteration of volcanic rocks exposed in the Greater Xing＇an Range area. The increasing illite content and ratio of illite/smectite percentages in the upper part of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation indicate paleoenvironmental change. This temporal change in the clay-mineral composition was primarily caused by a regionally cooler and drier paleoclimate, consistent with previous paleoenviroumental reconstructions.

Revised Ti-in-biotite geothermometer for ilmeniteor rutile-bearing crustal metapelites

In the present study, the Ti-in-biotite geother- mometer was revised using more than 300 natural rutile- or ilmenite-bearing metapelites collected worldwide. The formulation was empirically calibrated as ln[T（℃）]= 6.313 ＋0.22 41n（XTi ） -0.2881n（XFe ） -0. 4491n（XMg） ＋ 0.15P （GPa）, with Xj=j/（Fe＋Mg＋Al^Ⅵ＋Ti） in biotite, assuming ferric iron content of 11.6 mol% of the total iron in biotite. This thermometer is consistent with the well-calibrated garnet-biotite thermometer within error of i50 ℃ for most of the calibrant samples and can successfully distin- guish systematic temperature changes of different meta- morphic zones in both prograde and inverted metamorphic terranes as well as thermal contact aureoles. Thus, the thermometer truthfully reflects real geologic conditions and can be applied to TiO2-saturated metapelites metamor- phosed at the crustal level within the calibration ranges （450-840 ℃, 0.1-1.9 GPa, XTi = 0.02-0.14 in biotite）.