本文基于Talmy(2015)认知系统交叉模型为'A BECAUSE B'构式提出了一个'力动态–注意'认知识解模型。根据这一模型,本文将注意系统和力动态系统相结合,动态考察了'A BECAUSE B'构式在语义构建中的三个层级及其...本文基于Talmy(2015)认知系统交叉模型为'A BECAUSE B'构式提出了一个'力动态–注意'认知识解模型。根据这一模型,本文将注意系统和力动态系统相结合,动态考察了'A BECAUSE B'构式在语义构建中的三个层级及其互动过程。笔者发现,该构式含有三大语义范畴:(1)力动态作用下对抗或和谐类'致使义',包括三类基本模式:BECAUSE-致使型、 BECAUSE-阻止型以及BECAUSE-使能型;(2)力动态条件下各种'结果义'及其实现状态;(3)整个语义构建过程中注意分布与突显。这一发现解决了以往研究中受因事件和使因事件表征顺序与语义突显问题,澄清了该构式既构建概念框架又表达概念内容的双重作用,阐释了'A BECAUSE B'构式的力动态内涵及其突显意义,并进一步否定了Fodor(1983)提出的'自治模块'说。展开更多
Background：Recent studies demonstrate a slowdown in deterioration of cognitive functioning in old age through aerobic training.There is evidence that the combination of aerobic,balance,and coordination exercises lead...Background：Recent studies demonstrate a slowdown in deterioration of cognitive functioning in old age through aerobic training.There is evidence that the combination of aerobic,balance,and coordination exercises leads to an improvement or maintenance of cognitive functions.Such age-related exercises can especially be found in East Asian martial arts.The purpose of the current study is to verify whether karate training for older adults improves cognitive functioning and,if an improvement can be found,which cognitive field are influenced Methods：Eighty-nine older women and men（mean age：70 years） participated in this study.The participants were randomized into 2 intervention groups（karate group and fitnes group,duration of intervention：5 months） and a control group.All participants had to accomplish a cognitive test battery before and after the intervention.In a secondary study the karate group had an additional intervention for another 5 months.Results：The results show that there is a significan improvement in motor reactivity,stress tolerance,and divided attention only after the 5-month karate training period.Additionally,the results of the secondary study indicate further improvements after 10 months.Conclusion：The 5-month karate training can help to enhance attention,resilience,and motor reaction time,but a training period of 10 months is even more efficient展开更多
In a recent publication,Hu et al.(2023)have reported that individuals with high trait anxiety exhibit attentional deficits characterized by reduced inhibition of distractors and delayed attentional selection of target...In a recent publication,Hu et al.(2023)have reported that individuals with high trait anxiety exhibit attentional deficits characterized by reduced inhibition of distractors and delayed attentional selection of targets,indicating impaired top-down attentional control.This commentary underscores their significant contributions to the cognitive theory of anxiety.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called attentional inhibition training(AIT),aimed at improving top-down attentional control to alleviate symptoms of anxiety.Furthermore,we explore the potential application of non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)for rapidly enhancing attentional control function.展开更多
文摘目的 采用数学与注意两种事件相关电位（ERP）探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）儿童执行功能（EF）损害的神经机制.方法 对象ADHD组45例,正常对照组45名,年龄8～11岁,两组年龄、性别相匹配.两组儿童均使用数学与注意ERP任务检测,并与正常儿童比较分析.结果 ①计算判断ERP：ADHD儿童错误答案判断N2波幅（μV）低于正常儿童[（-11.86±6.01） μ V vs（-8.38±3.52）μV],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组儿童正确答案判断比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.②注意ERP：ADHD儿童CPT非靶P3波幅低于正常儿童[（21.92±13.43） μ V vs （30.65±17.10）μV],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 ADHD儿童在计算答案判断N2波幅的降低,提示执行功能的工作记忆和决策能力的下降;CPT非靶P3波幅的降低反映执行功能的反应抑制缺陷.数学N2及注意CP3可作为联合评估执行功能障碍的敏感指标.
文摘本文基于Talmy(2015)认知系统交叉模型为'A BECAUSE B'构式提出了一个'力动态–注意'认知识解模型。根据这一模型,本文将注意系统和力动态系统相结合,动态考察了'A BECAUSE B'构式在语义构建中的三个层级及其互动过程。笔者发现,该构式含有三大语义范畴:(1)力动态作用下对抗或和谐类'致使义',包括三类基本模式:BECAUSE-致使型、 BECAUSE-阻止型以及BECAUSE-使能型;(2)力动态条件下各种'结果义'及其实现状态;(3)整个语义构建过程中注意分布与突显。这一发现解决了以往研究中受因事件和使因事件表征顺序与语义突显问题,澄清了该构式既构建概念框架又表达概念内容的双重作用,阐释了'A BECAUSE B'构式的力动态内涵及其突显意义,并进一步否定了Fodor(1983)提出的'自治模块'说。
基金supported by the Otto-von-Gueicke-University Magdeburg,Germany
文摘Background：Recent studies demonstrate a slowdown in deterioration of cognitive functioning in old age through aerobic training.There is evidence that the combination of aerobic,balance,and coordination exercises leads to an improvement or maintenance of cognitive functions.Such age-related exercises can especially be found in East Asian martial arts.The purpose of the current study is to verify whether karate training for older adults improves cognitive functioning and,if an improvement can be found,which cognitive field are influenced Methods：Eighty-nine older women and men（mean age：70 years） participated in this study.The participants were randomized into 2 intervention groups（karate group and fitnes group,duration of intervention：5 months） and a control group.All participants had to accomplish a cognitive test battery before and after the intervention.In a secondary study the karate group had an additional intervention for another 5 months.Results：The results show that there is a significan improvement in motor reactivity,stress tolerance,and divided attention only after the 5-month karate training period.Additionally,the results of the secondary study indicate further improvements after 10 months.Conclusion：The 5-month karate training can help to enhance attention,resilience,and motor reaction time,but a training period of 10 months is even more efficient
文摘In a recent publication,Hu et al.(2023)have reported that individuals with high trait anxiety exhibit attentional deficits characterized by reduced inhibition of distractors and delayed attentional selection of targets,indicating impaired top-down attentional control.This commentary underscores their significant contributions to the cognitive theory of anxiety.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called attentional inhibition training(AIT),aimed at improving top-down attentional control to alleviate symptoms of anxiety.Furthermore,we explore the potential application of non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)for rapidly enhancing attentional control function.
