[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established...[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established by feeling for the extraction methods of DNA, optimizing concentrations of the factors influencing the results of RAPD such as template DNA, Mg2＋, random primer, dNTPs and Taq polymerase, and screening the random primers. [Result] The optimum RAPD reaction system was 25.0 μl in total volume, containing 4.0-32.0 ng/μl of template DNA, 200.0 μg/L random primer, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋, 200.0 μmol/L dNTPs and 1.0 U of Taq enzyme. Then, the Thai Hom Mali rice and non-Thai Hom Mali rice can be distinguished according to the presence or absence of two DNA markers. [Conclusion] The RAPD technology can effectively cover the shortages of identifications by sense and boiling in water; in addition, it is simple, sensitive and low-cost, suitable to be used in routine tests.展开更多
The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with stron...The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.展开更多
The breeding biology of the Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis)was investigated from September 2007 to September 2010 in Karaivetti Lake,Tamil Nadu,India.The Spot-billed Pelican breeds between November and Apr...The breeding biology of the Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis)was investigated from September 2007 to September 2010 in Karaivetti Lake,Tamil Nadu,India.The Spot-billed Pelican breeds between November and April at the Karaivetti Lake.It also breeds roughly during the same period at other breeding sites in Tamil Nadu,except for the Vedanthangal and Karikili bird sanctuaries,where pelicans arrives much earlier and their breeding activities start and end to some extent ahead of the other sites,i.e.,from September to March.In essence,the breeding season starts after the onset of the northeast monsoon in Tamil Nadu.A few days after their arrival,pelicans perform courtship display,form pairs,start nest construction and lay eggs.Courtship display is not as attractive and impressive as in other waterbirds.The clutch size varies from two to three eggs and the incubation period from 25 to 36 days.The fledging period varies from a minimum of 90 to a maximum of 102 days.The nest success rate of the Spot-billed Pelican at Karaivetti was 90.28% during the study period.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Thai rice for the production of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides through fungal fermentation. Solid-state fermentations of two rice varieties, waxy rice RD6 and non...This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Thai rice for the production of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides through fungal fermentation. Solid-state fermentations of two rice varieties, waxy rice RD6 and non-waxy rice KDM 105 with Aspergillus oryzae TISTR 3108 were compared. The effects of the main parameters such as incubation time, temperature, pH, fungal spore inoculum size and moisture content were also studied individually to maximise the isomalto-oligosaccharides yield. Results showed that the maximum values of amylolytic activity and total reducing sugar were observed when using rice in SSF with initial moisture content of 70% and inoculated with the inoculum size of 107 spores/g. The optimal conditions of SSF were performed at initial pH 6 and 30 ~C for 5 d. SSF of waxy rice RD6 with Aspergillus oryzae produced highest concentrations of isomalto-oligosaccharides which consisted of isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose. After fermentation, mashing was used to further hydrolyse the remaining starch in rice slurry. The subsequent rice syrup contained high amounts of isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose with the values of 44, 10 and 7 g/L respectively.展开更多
The Jesuits played an important role in the transmission of Western science and technology to China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,though their impact on water technology has received scant attention ...The Jesuits played an important role in the transmission of Western science and technology to China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,though their impact on water technology has received scant attention thus far.As a case in point,Sabatino de Ursis,Society of Jesus熊三拔,in collaboration with the Chinese official Xu Guangqi徐光啟,published in 1612 Hydraulic Methods of the Far West(Taixi shuifa泰西水法),the earliest book in China on Western water-lifting devices,which contained a detailed description of the Archimedean screw pump.While the impact of the Archimedean screw pump in China and Korea remained rather limited,the screw pump was used to drain water from gold mines in the Japanese Sado Island from as early as 1637.This fact became known in the West only in the very late 1800s when hand-colored picture scrolls about the Japanese gold mining process became available.These scrolls show various applications of Archimedean screw,which apparently were made according to the manufacturing instructions in Hydraulic Methods of the Far West.展开更多
It is proved that if f is a Teichmuller self-mapping of the unit disk with a holomorphic quadratic deferential and satisfies the growth condition m(ψ，r)= o((1 -r)-), r→1, for any s>1, then f is extremal, and the...It is proved that if f is a Teichmuller self-mapping of the unit disk with a holomorphic quadratic deferential and satisfies the growth condition m(ψ，r)= o((1 -r)-), r→1, for any s>1, then f is extremal, and there exists a sequence {tn}, 0<tn<1, /lim, tn =1, such that {(tnz)} is a Hamilton sequence. It is the precision of a theorem of Reich-Strebel in 1974, and gives a fairly satisfactory answer to a question of Reich in 1988.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC) content and its stable carbon isotopic composition(within the upper 1 m) were measured to determine the e?ect of land-use changes from dry evergreen forest to maize fields in eastern Thailand....Soil organic carbon(SOC) content and its stable carbon isotopic composition(within the upper 1 m) were measured to determine the e?ect of land-use changes from dry evergreen forest to maize fields in eastern Thailand.Digital land cover maps,derived from aerial photography and satellite images for years 1989,1996,and 2002 were used in association with field surveys and farmer interviews to derive land-use history and to assist in study site selection.Conversion from forest to maize cultivation for the duration of 12 years reduced SOC stocks at the rate of 6.97 Mg C ha-1 year-1.Reduction was most pronounced in the top 10 cm soil layer,which was 47% after 12 years of cultivation.Stable carbon isotope data revealed that the main fraction lost was forest-derived C.Generally low input rates of maize-derived C were not sufficient to maintain SOC at the level prior to forest conversion.After 12 years of continuous maize cultivation,the maize-derived C fraction made up about 20% of total SOC(5 Mg ha-1 of the total 25.31 Mg ha-1).展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established by feeling for the extraction methods of DNA, optimizing concentrations of the factors influencing the results of RAPD such as template DNA, Mg2＋, random primer, dNTPs and Taq polymerase, and screening the random primers. [Result] The optimum RAPD reaction system was 25.0 μl in total volume, containing 4.0-32.0 ng/μl of template DNA, 200.0 μg/L random primer, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋, 200.0 μmol/L dNTPs and 1.0 U of Taq enzyme. Then, the Thai Hom Mali rice and non-Thai Hom Mali rice can be distinguished according to the presence or absence of two DNA markers. [Conclusion] The RAPD technology can effectively cover the shortages of identifications by sense and boiling in water; in addition, it is simple, sensitive and low-cost, suitable to be used in routine tests.
基金Trichy-1 for academic support throughout the studythe Department of Science and Technology (SERCFasttrack Young scientist Scheme),India for fundingthe Tamil Nadu Forest Department for granting me the required permission.
文摘The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.
基金India for funding the studythe Tamil Nadu Forest Department for granting me the required permission
文摘The breeding biology of the Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis)was investigated from September 2007 to September 2010 in Karaivetti Lake,Tamil Nadu,India.The Spot-billed Pelican breeds between November and April at the Karaivetti Lake.It also breeds roughly during the same period at other breeding sites in Tamil Nadu,except for the Vedanthangal and Karikili bird sanctuaries,where pelicans arrives much earlier and their breeding activities start and end to some extent ahead of the other sites,i.e.,from September to March.In essence,the breeding season starts after the onset of the northeast monsoon in Tamil Nadu.A few days after their arrival,pelicans perform courtship display,form pairs,start nest construction and lay eggs.Courtship display is not as attractive and impressive as in other waterbirds.The clutch size varies from two to three eggs and the incubation period from 25 to 36 days.The fledging period varies from a minimum of 90 to a maximum of 102 days.The nest success rate of the Spot-billed Pelican at Karaivetti was 90.28% during the study period.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Thai rice for the production of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides through fungal fermentation. Solid-state fermentations of two rice varieties, waxy rice RD6 and non-waxy rice KDM 105 with Aspergillus oryzae TISTR 3108 were compared. The effects of the main parameters such as incubation time, temperature, pH, fungal spore inoculum size and moisture content were also studied individually to maximise the isomalto-oligosaccharides yield. Results showed that the maximum values of amylolytic activity and total reducing sugar were observed when using rice in SSF with initial moisture content of 70% and inoculated with the inoculum size of 107 spores/g. The optimal conditions of SSF were performed at initial pH 6 and 30 ~C for 5 d. SSF of waxy rice RD6 with Aspergillus oryzae produced highest concentrations of isomalto-oligosaccharides which consisted of isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose. After fermentation, mashing was used to further hydrolyse the remaining starch in rice slurry. The subsequent rice syrup contained high amounts of isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose with the values of 44, 10 and 7 g/L respectively.
文摘The Jesuits played an important role in the transmission of Western science and technology to China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,though their impact on water technology has received scant attention thus far.As a case in point,Sabatino de Ursis,Society of Jesus熊三拔,in collaboration with the Chinese official Xu Guangqi徐光啟,published in 1612 Hydraulic Methods of the Far West(Taixi shuifa泰西水法),the earliest book in China on Western water-lifting devices,which contained a detailed description of the Archimedean screw pump.While the impact of the Archimedean screw pump in China and Korea remained rather limited,the screw pump was used to drain water from gold mines in the Japanese Sado Island from as early as 1637.This fact became known in the West only in the very late 1800s when hand-colored picture scrolls about the Japanese gold mining process became available.These scrolls show various applications of Archimedean screw,which apparently were made according to the manufacturing instructions in Hydraulic Methods of the Far West.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China!(No.19531060), the DoctoralProgram Fundation of the Ministry of Education o
文摘It is proved that if f is a Teichmuller self-mapping of the unit disk with a holomorphic quadratic deferential and satisfies the growth condition m(ψ，r)= o((1 -r)-), r→1, for any s>1, then f is extremal, and there exists a sequence {tn}, 0<tn<1, /lim, tn =1, such that {(tnz)} is a Hamilton sequence. It is the precision of a theorem of Reich-Strebel in 1974, and gives a fairly satisfactory answer to a question of Reich in 1988.
基金Supported by the National Research University Project of Thailand's Office of the Higher Education Commission (HEC)
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC) content and its stable carbon isotopic composition(within the upper 1 m) were measured to determine the e?ect of land-use changes from dry evergreen forest to maize fields in eastern Thailand.Digital land cover maps,derived from aerial photography and satellite images for years 1989,1996,and 2002 were used in association with field surveys and farmer interviews to derive land-use history and to assist in study site selection.Conversion from forest to maize cultivation for the duration of 12 years reduced SOC stocks at the rate of 6.97 Mg C ha-1 year-1.Reduction was most pronounced in the top 10 cm soil layer,which was 47% after 12 years of cultivation.Stable carbon isotope data revealed that the main fraction lost was forest-derived C.Generally low input rates of maize-derived C were not sufficient to maintain SOC at the level prior to forest conversion.After 12 years of continuous maize cultivation,the maize-derived C fraction made up about 20% of total SOC(5 Mg ha-1 of the total 25.31 Mg ha-1).
