Estimation of Extreme Marine Hydrodynamic Variables in Western Laizhou Bay

Laizhou Bay and its adjacent waters are of great importance to China＇s marine oil and gas development. It is therefore crucial to estimate retttrn-period values of marine environmental variables in this region to ensure the safety and success of maritime engineering and maritime exploration. In this study, we used numerical simulations to estimate extreme wave height, sea current velocity and sea-level height in westem Laizhou Bay. The results show that the sea-level rise starts at the mouth of the bay, increases toward west/southwest, and reaches its maximum in the deepest basin of the bay. The 100-year return-period values of sea level rise can reach 3.4-4.0m in the western bay. The elevation of the western part of the Qingdong Oil Field would remain above the sea sur- face during extreme low sea level, while the rest of the oil field would be 1,6-2.4m below the sea surface. The return-period value of wave height is strongly affected by water depth; in fact, its spatial distribution is similar to the isobath＇s. The 100-year return-period values of effective wave height can be 6m or higher in the central bay and be more than 1 m in the shallow water near shore. The 100-year return-period values of current velocity is about 1.2-1.8 ms-1 in the Qingdong Oil Field. These results provide scientific basis for ensuring construction safety and reducing construction cost,

Has the regional Hadley circulation over western Pacific during boreal winter been strengthening in recent decades?

Previous studies suggest a robust intensification of the zonally averaged hadley circulation(HC)during boreal winter in recent decades,but little is known regarding the regional HC.This study investigates long-term trends of the winter regional HC over the western pacific(WPHC)since 1979 using six reanalysis datasets.It is found that there are large discrepancies in the long-term trends of WPHC intensity among the six datasets.Specifically,three of the six reanalyses(erainterim,20CR and CFSR)show no discernible long-term trends,whereas NCEP-1,NCEP-2 and JRA-55 display pronounced intensification tendencies.Results in this study suggest that,although the warming trend of SST in the western tropical pacific identified in previous studies is robust,uncertainty remains regarding the long-term trends in the WPHC intensity.This raises a question about the factors involved in changes of the WPHC intensity.

Taxonomic Distinctness of Macrofauna as an Ecological Indicator in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.

餐桌游戏

过年,像是在做一个吃的游戏。小时候,我看妈妈烧菜,现在又将这些菜烧给儿子、丈夫吃,有点腻了。今年我看了一大堆西餐食谱书,请教了几个“洋”朋友后,决定做一次“洋”东西试试,换换口味,增加快乐气氛。我请儿子和我一起动手,边做边聊世界各地过年习俗。嗨,就算是一次——

难忘西洋菜

爱不爱西洋菜,就像老北京喝豆汁,江浙人吃醉泥螺,俨然成了区分本地人与外地人的万能试金石。那股独特的辛辣带点青草芳香的气味,以及糯软的口感叫人久久难忘。