A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The chara...A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The characteristic of its degradation was researched and the results showed that the optimum conditions of this strain for degrading LAS were 30℃, pH 6.0, 150 ml solution in 500 ml triangle vase, 120 r/min, LAS concentration of 200 - 600 mg/L. The growth amount of the bacteria were up to 0. 443 （ OD400 ） and the degrading rate was up to 89.4%. The ability of the bacterium to degrade LAS could be as high as concentration of 1 200 mg/L.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the study was to establish the effective and accurate formulas for estimating the digestible energy （DE） values of plant protein supplement in pig. [Method] By difference method with different...[Objective] The aim of the study was to establish the effective and accurate formulas for estimating the digestible energy （DE） values of plant protein supplement in pig. [Method] By difference method with different amount of alternative feeds （20% -50%）, two4 x4 Latin- square-designed trials were taken on eight castrated male pigs [ Yorkshire x Landrace x Neijiang pig, initial body-weight： （46 ±2） kg ] to deter- mine the apparent digestible energy （ADE） of the eight kinds of plant protein supplement commonly used in China, that is, corn gluten meal （sol.）, soybean meal （ sol. ）, fababean, pea, rapeseed meal （ sol. ）, sesame meal （ sol. ）, rapeseed meal （ exp. ） and cotton seed meal （sol.）. [Resultl （1） Fiber was the most important factor to estimate the ADE of plant protein supplement in pigs, and ADF was the best one. （2） The most effective equations were as below： （ 1 ） OE （kJ/kg DM） = 14 741.86 - 185.01ADF＋54.01SCHO＋22.45CP （ R =0.988,RSD= 67.9,P〈0.01 ） ; （2） DE （kJ/kg DM） =22 223.26 -209.58ADF＋26.79SCHO-1.09GE （ Ff =0.989,RSD=66.9, P〈0.01 ） . [Conclusion] The accurate, practical and specific regression equations were established for DE prediction of plant protein supplement in pig.展开更多
Having analyzed the relationships between washing shrinkage and weaving technique, parameters, material properties of woven fabrics and studied the shrinkage mechanism and its mathematical model of the plain fabric, r...Having analyzed the relationships between washing shrinkage and weaving technique, parameters, material properties of woven fabrics and studied the shrinkage mechanism and its mathematical model of the plain fabric, researchers set up a shrinkage model of the twills and satins and proposed a method for calculating the washing shrinkage based on weaving technique and parameters of fabrics. Shrinkage experiments of silk habotai, silk twill and silk satin fabrics were performed. The results were compared with those of the theoretical computations, and theoretical method is reliable.展开更多
An experimental pectate lyase enzyme was used to scour knitted cotton fabric and the emphasis was on pectin removal.Using an enzyme dosage of 0.2 g/L at temperature 55℃ and pH 6.35 for 30 min,good scouring properties...An experimental pectate lyase enzyme was used to scour knitted cotton fabric and the emphasis was on pectin removal.Using an enzyme dosage of 0.2 g/L at temperature 55℃ and pH 6.35 for 30 min,good scouring properties were obtained.When appropriate concentrations of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP)and CaCl2 were added,the percentage pectin removal improved significantly.展开更多
To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part...To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part of the species＇s range. Chemical properties such as fat, ash, crude protein （CP）, total phenolics （TP）, and fiber content including neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses, and physical toughness were measured. R. bieti tended to choose leaves with lower fiber content, higher ash, a higher ratio of CP/ADF, and lower toughness. No difference was found for fat, crude protein, total phenolics, hemicelluloses and lignin between food and non-food leaves. Even though the ratio of CP/ADF is generally regarded as a good indicator for colobine food choice, the difference in the ratio of CP/ADF between food and non-food leaves was only the result of differences in ADE Since positive correlations were found between ADF and tough- ness from all leaves （both food and non-food species）, and toughness of leaves was likely easier for R. bieti to sense than fiber content via mastication, the toughness of leaves may function as a predictor of food choice in this species [Current Zoology 56 （6） 643-49, 2010].展开更多
Biological and synthetic surfactants were compared in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial tension, change the thermodynamic characteristics of a pre-conditioned surface, and to modify the rheological properti...Biological and synthetic surfactants were compared in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial tension, change the thermodynamic characteristics of a pre-conditioned surface, and to modify the rheological properties of their respective formulations at two different temperatures. Both classes of suffactants were able to reduce the inteffacial tension of their formulations to a similar level. However, the biosurfactants were more effective than the synthetics surfactants. Biosurfactants also altered the surface properties of stainless steel, rendering it hydrophilic. Microbial adhesion to stainless steel conditioned with biosurfactants was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable for all microbial strains tested. A linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate was obtained across a range of experimental conditions for all surfactant mixtures, indicating that all formulations behaved as Newtonian fluids.展开更多
Native （Andropogon gayanus, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum） and exotic grasses （Brachiaria ruzi：iensis, Panieum maximum cv. C1 and T58） consumed in tropical humid zone were evaluated by estimating their...Native （Andropogon gayanus, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum） and exotic grasses （Brachiaria ruzi：iensis, Panieum maximum cv. C1 and T58） consumed in tropical humid zone were evaluated by estimating their voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility. The measurements were performed with 4 male Djallonke sheep （28 kg LW） fed ad libitum in metabolic cages, during a 10-days in vivo trial, preceded by a 14-days accommodation period. Each grass was studied at 3 stages of development. The samples （distributed grasses, refusals and faeces） were analysed for organic matter （OM）, crude fibre （CF）, neutral detergent fibre （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF）, acid detergent lignin （ADL） and crude protein （CP） contents. Voluntary digestible organic matter intake （VDOMI） and voluntary digestible crude protein intake （VDCPI） were calculated （in g kg ^-1 LW075） as synthetic parameters to compare the grasses. The chemical composition of the distributed forages varied significantly （P 〈 0.001） between species or cultivars and development stages. After 4-5 leaves per tiller stage, CP contents decreased in all species and lowest in native species. Andropogon gayanus was the most l ignified species at any stage of development. At the end of the rainy season, Pennisetum purpureum leaves and Brachiaria ruziziensis had the highest CP. For all the grasses, CP contents were higher （and CF contents lower） in the consumed material, compared to the offered forages, showing thereby the high selectivity by the sheep. Dry matter intake, OM and CP digestibility varied greatly （P 〈 0.001） between forages and development stages with high interactions between these factors （P 〈 0.001）. Voluntary digestible organic matter intake and VDCPI were the highest （P 〈 0.05） for native Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum. There was a relationship between digestibility and intake parameters, and ADL content of the grasses seems to be an important factor determining at least digestibility.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xuzhou City(X2004424-1)~~
文摘A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The characteristic of its degradation was researched and the results showed that the optimum conditions of this strain for degrading LAS were 30℃, pH 6.0, 150 ml solution in 500 ml triangle vase, 120 r/min, LAS concentration of 200 - 600 mg/L. The growth amount of the bacteria were up to 0. 443 （ OD400 ） and the degrading rate was up to 89.4%. The ability of the bacterium to degrade LAS could be as high as concentration of 1 200 mg/L.
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study was to establish the effective and accurate formulas for estimating the digestible energy （DE） values of plant protein supplement in pig. [Method] By difference method with different amount of alternative feeds （20% -50%）, two4 x4 Latin- square-designed trials were taken on eight castrated male pigs [ Yorkshire x Landrace x Neijiang pig, initial body-weight： （46 ±2） kg ] to deter- mine the apparent digestible energy （ADE） of the eight kinds of plant protein supplement commonly used in China, that is, corn gluten meal （sol.）, soybean meal （ sol. ）, fababean, pea, rapeseed meal （ sol. ）, sesame meal （ sol. ）, rapeseed meal （ exp. ） and cotton seed meal （sol.）. [Resultl （1） Fiber was the most important factor to estimate the ADE of plant protein supplement in pigs, and ADF was the best one. （2） The most effective equations were as below： （ 1 ） OE （kJ/kg DM） = 14 741.86 - 185.01ADF＋54.01SCHO＋22.45CP （ R =0.988,RSD= 67.9,P〈0.01 ） ; （2） DE （kJ/kg DM） =22 223.26 -209.58ADF＋26.79SCHO-1.09GE （ Ff =0.989,RSD=66.9, P〈0.01 ） . [Conclusion] The accurate, practical and specific regression equations were established for DE prediction of plant protein supplement in pig.
基金Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.SJ2007-02)
文摘Having analyzed the relationships between washing shrinkage and weaving technique, parameters, material properties of woven fabrics and studied the shrinkage mechanism and its mathematical model of the plain fabric, researchers set up a shrinkage model of the twills and satins and proposed a method for calculating the washing shrinkage based on weaving technique and parameters of fabrics. Shrinkage experiments of silk habotai, silk twill and silk satin fabrics were performed. The results were compared with those of the theoretical computations, and theoretical method is reliable.
基金Supported by the Programfor Changjiang Scholors and Innovative Research Teamin University(No.IRT0526)
文摘An experimental pectate lyase enzyme was used to scour knitted cotton fabric and the emphasis was on pectin removal.Using an enzyme dosage of 0.2 g/L at temperature 55℃ and pH 6.35 for 30 min,good scouring properties were obtained.When appropriate concentrations of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP)and CaCl2 were added,the percentage pectin removal improved significantly.
基金supported by TNC "Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Species Range"PhD Funding from Dali University,National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30770308,30960084,30960085)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313)Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904)
文摘To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part of the species＇s range. Chemical properties such as fat, ash, crude protein （CP）, total phenolics （TP）, and fiber content including neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses, and physical toughness were measured. R. bieti tended to choose leaves with lower fiber content, higher ash, a higher ratio of CP/ADF, and lower toughness. No difference was found for fat, crude protein, total phenolics, hemicelluloses and lignin between food and non-food leaves. Even though the ratio of CP/ADF is generally regarded as a good indicator for colobine food choice, the difference in the ratio of CP/ADF between food and non-food leaves was only the result of differences in ADE Since positive correlations were found between ADF and tough- ness from all leaves （both food and non-food species）, and toughness of leaves was likely easier for R. bieti to sense than fiber content via mastication, the toughness of leaves may function as a predictor of food choice in this species [Current Zoology 56 （6） 643-49, 2010].
文摘Biological and synthetic surfactants were compared in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial tension, change the thermodynamic characteristics of a pre-conditioned surface, and to modify the rheological properties of their respective formulations at two different temperatures. Both classes of suffactants were able to reduce the inteffacial tension of their formulations to a similar level. However, the biosurfactants were more effective than the synthetics surfactants. Biosurfactants also altered the surface properties of stainless steel, rendering it hydrophilic. Microbial adhesion to stainless steel conditioned with biosurfactants was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable for all microbial strains tested. A linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate was obtained across a range of experimental conditions for all surfactant mixtures, indicating that all formulations behaved as Newtonian fluids.
文摘Native （Andropogon gayanus, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum） and exotic grasses （Brachiaria ruzi：iensis, Panieum maximum cv. C1 and T58） consumed in tropical humid zone were evaluated by estimating their voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility. The measurements were performed with 4 male Djallonke sheep （28 kg LW） fed ad libitum in metabolic cages, during a 10-days in vivo trial, preceded by a 14-days accommodation period. Each grass was studied at 3 stages of development. The samples （distributed grasses, refusals and faeces） were analysed for organic matter （OM）, crude fibre （CF）, neutral detergent fibre （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF）, acid detergent lignin （ADL） and crude protein （CP） contents. Voluntary digestible organic matter intake （VDOMI） and voluntary digestible crude protein intake （VDCPI） were calculated （in g kg ^-1 LW075） as synthetic parameters to compare the grasses. The chemical composition of the distributed forages varied significantly （P 〈 0.001） between species or cultivars and development stages. After 4-5 leaves per tiller stage, CP contents decreased in all species and lowest in native species. Andropogon gayanus was the most l ignified species at any stage of development. At the end of the rainy season, Pennisetum purpureum leaves and Brachiaria ruziziensis had the highest CP. For all the grasses, CP contents were higher （and CF contents lower） in the consumed material, compared to the offered forages, showing thereby the high selectivity by the sheep. Dry matter intake, OM and CP digestibility varied greatly （P 〈 0.001） between forages and development stages with high interactions between these factors （P 〈 0.001）. Voluntary digestible organic matter intake and VDCPI were the highest （P 〈 0.05） for native Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum. There was a relationship between digestibility and intake parameters, and ADL content of the grasses seems to be an important factor determining at least digestibility.
