Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated...Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. The mean diameter of the three formulae decreased with an increase of Lutrol F68. Results The in vitro dissolution rate of ...展开更多
Objective: To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion back towards fetal energy metabolism during the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by coarctation of abdomina...Objective: To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion back towards fetal energy metabolism during the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by coarctation of abdominal aorta (CAA) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Hemodynamic and ventricular remodeling parameters, free fatty acid content in the serum were measured in the experimental animals at 16 weeks after the surgical CAA, the rats receiving carvedilol intervention (CAR) after CAA, and those with sham operation (SH). The expressions of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferaseⅠ (M-CPTⅠ) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA in the cardiac myocytes from every group were studied with RT-PCR. Results: Significant left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in the rats 16 weeks after coarctation operation (P<0.05), together with significant free fatty acids accumulation and downregulation of M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA (P<0.05) in CAA group. Carvedilol at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks inhibited the left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and enhanced the gene expressions of rate-limiting enzyme (M-CPTⅠ) and key enzyme of fatty acid (MCAD) in the CAR group compared with CAA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in CAA rats causes the reversion back towards fetal enery metabolism, that is, downregulates the expressions of rate-limiting enzyme and key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation. The intervention therapy with carvedilol, a vasodilating alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, attenuates the reversion of the metabolic gene expression to fetal type through upregulating M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA expressions. Thus, carvedilol may exert cardioprotective effects on heart failure by the mechanism of preserving the adult metabolic gene regulation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods: Left ventricular hypertrophied(LVH) rabbit model...Objective: To investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods: Left ventricular hypertrophied(LVH) rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration (APD), TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight (LVMI) were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results: In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion: CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of carvedilol injection on left ventricular function and collagen remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction. Methods: Sixty rats with a model of myocardial infarction were randomly ...Objective: To observe the effect of carvedilol injection on left ventricular function and collagen remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction. Methods: Sixty rats with a model of myocardial infarction were randomly divided into nine groups. The rats of therapeutical group were treated with carvedilol injection (2 mg/d intraperitoneal injection) and/or captopil (2 g/L drinking water) . Acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) group did not receive drug treatment. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after coronary artery ligation. The levels of plasma angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone and left ventricle function were determined at different time. The collagen content and the ratio of type I and III collagen of noninfarcted area were also assessed. Results: Compared with AMI group, the levels of plasma and myocardium angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone in both carvedilol and captopil group decreased at the eighth week (P<0.05). In addition, carvedilol improved systolic and diastolic function (P<0. 05). Compared with sham group, both collagen content and the ratio of type I / III collagen of noninfarcted area increased in AMI4 and AMI8 group (P<0. 05). The hydroxyproline levels and the ratio of type I/III collagen significantly decreased after carvedilol and/or captopil treatment , compared with AMI group at 4 or 8 week (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Carvedilol can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and has beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling.展开更多
Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of ...Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of housing construction. They are natural canters of public and commercial services. The aim of the article is to determine if the geographic location of the region influences the number of new apartments with planning permission and completed apartments with a completion approval by using the methods of mathematical statistics "Analysis of variance". Meaning of the geographical location of the region as a factor, which influences the construction of apartments as well as regional differences in selected Central European countries, is subject of the conclusions of the paper.展开更多
This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN (system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the B...This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN (system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the Baltic Sea after adjustment).Transformation from WGS84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways.展开更多
The avalanche warning service was established within the operational European territorial cooperation program Slovenia-Austria (SI-AT) 2007-2013 project "Natural Hazards without Frontiers". Four institutes, two fr...The avalanche warning service was established within the operational European territorial cooperation program Slovenia-Austria (SI-AT) 2007-2013 project "Natural Hazards without Frontiers". Four institutes, two from Austria and two from Slovenia, work together to publish an avalanche report during the winter season. The first regular season was the winter 2012/2013. The avalanche and the slab avalanche situation in the transnational area along the 160 km border between the south of Austria and north of Slovenia show major differences of avalanche building weather situations. Because of the nearby sea in the southwest of Slovenia, the prevailing weather situations for high precipitation are coming from southwest or southeast. Nevertheless sometimes a lot of fresh snow occurs at northerly weather situations, which is unusual for Slovenian Alps and is therefore poorly forecasted for this region. Austrian avalanche experts are facing the same problems at southerly weather situations. Hence, an exchange of experience, weather data as well as model information improves the avalanche warning on both sides of the Austrian-Slovenian border.展开更多
Due to the higher reliability and small ground space requirement, compressed GIS (gas insulated substation) has found extensive applications in urban areas and developing countries. The major parts of GIS is the gas...Due to the higher reliability and small ground space requirement, compressed GIS (gas insulated substation) has found extensive applications in urban areas and developing countries. The major parts of GIS is the gas insulated busducts, circuit breakers, isolators, etc.. The voltage withstand capability of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) busduct is strongly dependent on field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants which arise due to manufacturing process, mechanical vibrations, moving parts of system etc.. Contamination can create insulation problems at operating fields. An optimized design of GIS by varying the inner and outer diameter to 89 mm and 241 mm is considered for analysis and compared with a single phase enclosure with outer diameter as 152 mm and inner conductor diameter of 55 mm with aluminum and copper particles of size 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm in radius present on the enclosure. The results have been compared on the extent of particle movement for the same condition of the gas and particle geometry. Monte Carlo simulation is also carried out for determining the motion of particles in axial and radial directions. The random solid angle is changed from 1 to 0.5 degrees to take into account more smooth end profile of the particle. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed.展开更多
The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition...The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the "battery of tests" paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the "uniformity of measurements" paradigm. A "reference bioindicator" is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors (such as temperature, photoperiod etc.) as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir (Bashkortostan, Russia).展开更多
Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding roc...Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding rocks (kaolin clay and andalusite fiche schist). Characterization evolution on heating was investigated in a composition (80% kaolinitic clay, 20% andalusite rich schist). The evolution of mullite was examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The thermal shock test showed that the refractory sample has a good thermal shock resistance.展开更多
Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand "Carpathians", wh...Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand "Carpathians", which joins a mountain system in the eastern part of Central Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, and Austria, will help create a new image of Carpathians and implementation of programs aimed at the increase of investment activities, building confidence to domestic producers and creating programs to attract tourists to the most profitable tourist areas, in particular.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to record and determine the incidence and distribution of helminth parasites that occur in goats in the oriental of Morocco. The study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. Se...The purpose of the study was to record and determine the incidence and distribution of helminth parasites that occur in goats in the oriental of Morocco. The study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. Seven helminth species belonging to three classes were found which comprised: Trichostrongylus colubriformis (52.50%), Skrjabinema ovis (42.50%), Trichuris ovis (23.33%), Nematodirus spathiger (18.33%), Haemonchus contortus (15.83%), Moniezia expansa (19.16%), Paramphistomum cervi (20%). Trichostrongylus colubriform is the dominant nematode genera found to be infecting the animals. Infection rate for Skrjabinema ovis is very high in Ben Tajjit and Talsint. It is also necessary to cite that there is no relevance between helminth infection and sex (P 〉 0.05).展开更多
Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae family), endemic to Morocco, is a multipurpose tree with an important ecological and socio-economical interest. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the agro-forestry system is now thre...Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae family), endemic to Morocco, is a multipurpose tree with an important ecological and socio-economical interest. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the agro-forestry system is now threatened by overgrazing and over-exploitation leading to an alarming decline in the number of trees. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation and to assess the genetic diversity distribution within and among 17 argan populations growing naturally under semi-arid and arid climate. Thus, a total of seven primers generated 260 well-defined bands, with an average of 37.14 bands per primer. Studied populations showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity at species level and low level of genetic diversity at population level. The percentage of polymorphic bands, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index at population and species level were 30.15%, 0.164, 0.217 and 98.8%, 0.172, 0.293, respectively. A relative low level of genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.39) was in agreement with the results obtained from the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Estimated gene flow was Nm = 0.781 among populations. Mantel test revealed a non-significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.065, P 〈 0.05), suggesting that the geographic distribution is not the major factor that shaped the present population genetic structure. The results can help preserve A. spinosa L. tree as an endangered species, however, refining these finding using co-dominant markers is recommended in order to establish conservation strategies.展开更多
Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using ...Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.展开更多
文摘Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. The mean diameter of the three formulae decreased with an increase of Lutrol F68. Results The in vitro dissolution rate of ...
文摘Objective: To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion back towards fetal energy metabolism during the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by coarctation of abdominal aorta (CAA) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Hemodynamic and ventricular remodeling parameters, free fatty acid content in the serum were measured in the experimental animals at 16 weeks after the surgical CAA, the rats receiving carvedilol intervention (CAR) after CAA, and those with sham operation (SH). The expressions of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferaseⅠ (M-CPTⅠ) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA in the cardiac myocytes from every group were studied with RT-PCR. Results: Significant left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in the rats 16 weeks after coarctation operation (P<0.05), together with significant free fatty acids accumulation and downregulation of M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA (P<0.05) in CAA group. Carvedilol at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks inhibited the left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and enhanced the gene expressions of rate-limiting enzyme (M-CPTⅠ) and key enzyme of fatty acid (MCAD) in the CAR group compared with CAA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in CAA rats causes the reversion back towards fetal enery metabolism, that is, downregulates the expressions of rate-limiting enzyme and key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation. The intervention therapy with carvedilol, a vasodilating alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, attenuates the reversion of the metabolic gene expression to fetal type through upregulating M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA expressions. Thus, carvedilol may exert cardioprotective effects on heart failure by the mechanism of preserving the adult metabolic gene regulation.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods: Left ventricular hypertrophied(LVH) rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration (APD), TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight (LVMI) were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results: In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion: CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of carvedilol injection on left ventricular function and collagen remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction. Methods: Sixty rats with a model of myocardial infarction were randomly divided into nine groups. The rats of therapeutical group were treated with carvedilol injection (2 mg/d intraperitoneal injection) and/or captopil (2 g/L drinking water) . Acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) group did not receive drug treatment. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after coronary artery ligation. The levels of plasma angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone and left ventricle function were determined at different time. The collagen content and the ratio of type I and III collagen of noninfarcted area were also assessed. Results: Compared with AMI group, the levels of plasma and myocardium angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone in both carvedilol and captopil group decreased at the eighth week (P<0.05). In addition, carvedilol improved systolic and diastolic function (P<0. 05). Compared with sham group, both collagen content and the ratio of type I / III collagen of noninfarcted area increased in AMI4 and AMI8 group (P<0. 05). The hydroxyproline levels and the ratio of type I/III collagen significantly decreased after carvedilol and/or captopil treatment , compared with AMI group at 4 or 8 week (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Carvedilol can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and has beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling.
文摘Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of housing construction. They are natural canters of public and commercial services. The aim of the article is to determine if the geographic location of the region influences the number of new apartments with planning permission and completed apartments with a completion approval by using the methods of mathematical statistics "Analysis of variance". Meaning of the geographical location of the region as a factor, which influences the construction of apartments as well as regional differences in selected Central European countries, is subject of the conclusions of the paper.
文摘This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN (system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the Baltic Sea after adjustment).Transformation from WGS84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways.
文摘The avalanche warning service was established within the operational European territorial cooperation program Slovenia-Austria (SI-AT) 2007-2013 project "Natural Hazards without Frontiers". Four institutes, two from Austria and two from Slovenia, work together to publish an avalanche report during the winter season. The first regular season was the winter 2012/2013. The avalanche and the slab avalanche situation in the transnational area along the 160 km border between the south of Austria and north of Slovenia show major differences of avalanche building weather situations. Because of the nearby sea in the southwest of Slovenia, the prevailing weather situations for high precipitation are coming from southwest or southeast. Nevertheless sometimes a lot of fresh snow occurs at northerly weather situations, which is unusual for Slovenian Alps and is therefore poorly forecasted for this region. Austrian avalanche experts are facing the same problems at southerly weather situations. Hence, an exchange of experience, weather data as well as model information improves the avalanche warning on both sides of the Austrian-Slovenian border.
文摘Due to the higher reliability and small ground space requirement, compressed GIS (gas insulated substation) has found extensive applications in urban areas and developing countries. The major parts of GIS is the gas insulated busducts, circuit breakers, isolators, etc.. The voltage withstand capability of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) busduct is strongly dependent on field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants which arise due to manufacturing process, mechanical vibrations, moving parts of system etc.. Contamination can create insulation problems at operating fields. An optimized design of GIS by varying the inner and outer diameter to 89 mm and 241 mm is considered for analysis and compared with a single phase enclosure with outer diameter as 152 mm and inner conductor diameter of 55 mm with aluminum and copper particles of size 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm in radius present on the enclosure. The results have been compared on the extent of particle movement for the same condition of the gas and particle geometry. Monte Carlo simulation is also carried out for determining the motion of particles in axial and radial directions. The random solid angle is changed from 1 to 0.5 degrees to take into account more smooth end profile of the particle. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed.
文摘The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the "battery of tests" paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the "uniformity of measurements" paradigm. A "reference bioindicator" is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors (such as temperature, photoperiod etc.) as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir (Bashkortostan, Russia).
文摘Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding rocks (kaolin clay and andalusite fiche schist). Characterization evolution on heating was investigated in a composition (80% kaolinitic clay, 20% andalusite rich schist). The evolution of mullite was examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The thermal shock test showed that the refractory sample has a good thermal shock resistance.
文摘Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand "Carpathians", which joins a mountain system in the eastern part of Central Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, and Austria, will help create a new image of Carpathians and implementation of programs aimed at the increase of investment activities, building confidence to domestic producers and creating programs to attract tourists to the most profitable tourist areas, in particular.
文摘The purpose of the study was to record and determine the incidence and distribution of helminth parasites that occur in goats in the oriental of Morocco. The study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. Seven helminth species belonging to three classes were found which comprised: Trichostrongylus colubriformis (52.50%), Skrjabinema ovis (42.50%), Trichuris ovis (23.33%), Nematodirus spathiger (18.33%), Haemonchus contortus (15.83%), Moniezia expansa (19.16%), Paramphistomum cervi (20%). Trichostrongylus colubriform is the dominant nematode genera found to be infecting the animals. Infection rate for Skrjabinema ovis is very high in Ben Tajjit and Talsint. It is also necessary to cite that there is no relevance between helminth infection and sex (P 〉 0.05).
文摘Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae family), endemic to Morocco, is a multipurpose tree with an important ecological and socio-economical interest. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the agro-forestry system is now threatened by overgrazing and over-exploitation leading to an alarming decline in the number of trees. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation and to assess the genetic diversity distribution within and among 17 argan populations growing naturally under semi-arid and arid climate. Thus, a total of seven primers generated 260 well-defined bands, with an average of 37.14 bands per primer. Studied populations showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity at species level and low level of genetic diversity at population level. The percentage of polymorphic bands, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index at population and species level were 30.15%, 0.164, 0.217 and 98.8%, 0.172, 0.293, respectively. A relative low level of genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.39) was in agreement with the results obtained from the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Estimated gene flow was Nm = 0.781 among populations. Mantel test revealed a non-significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.065, P 〈 0.05), suggesting that the geographic distribution is not the major factor that shaped the present population genetic structure. The results can help preserve A. spinosa L. tree as an endangered species, however, refining these finding using co-dominant markers is recommended in order to establish conservation strategies.
文摘Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.