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一切需要探索,关键在于思维——从洛地先生问学札记 被引量:1
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作者 解玉峰 《浙江艺术职业学院学报》 CSSCI 2013年第1期120-124,共5页
最早接触洛地先生的文字,始自洛先生所著《词乐曲唱》。初读洛地先生的文字,我个人最直接的感受,就是"震撼"。洛地先生学术研究为何如此富有独创性?按照我个人的认识,理解洛地式思维或最为关键。洛地先生在其文著中多次说道:&... 最早接触洛地先生的文字,始自洛先生所著《词乐曲唱》。初读洛地先生的文字,我个人最直接的感受,就是"震撼"。洛地先生学术研究为何如此富有独创性?按照我个人的认识,理解洛地式思维或最为关键。洛地先生在其文著中多次说道:"一切需要探索,关键在于思维。"理论研究中,"只有错误是属于自己的"。只有真正认识到这一点,我们才能始终告诫自己,学术研究或我们认识事物、探索真理,就其本身而言是一种极其客观、极其纯粹的活动,与任何个人的或名或利之类都是矛盾的、冲突的,也可以说任何个人名利之念想都必然或多或少地影响到学术研究。作为研究者所能做的,就是尽可能努力摒弃所有个人的因素,以保持学术研究的客观性、纯粹性和崇高性。 展开更多
关键词 洛地 问学 震撼 思维 错误
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戏剧音乐史建构的前提:戏剧运动的自身逻辑--《洛地文集·戏剧卷》为蓝本的“戏弄”源流辨析
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作者 王洪军 《黄钟(武汉音乐学院学报)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2012年第3期66-76,共11页
文章以《洛地文集·戏剧卷·卷一》为蓝本,结合与"戏弄"相关文献的解读、若干教科书之相关观点的比照思考,初步辨析出中国传统戏剧的一类"戏弄"之源流:即自先秦戏弄之滥觞始,经汉戏弄之蕴而待出、北朝戏弄... 文章以《洛地文集·戏剧卷·卷一》为蓝本,结合与"戏弄"相关文献的解读、若干教科书之相关观点的比照思考,初步辨析出中国传统戏剧的一类"戏弄"之源流:即自先秦戏弄之滥觞始,经汉戏弄之蕴而待出、北朝戏弄之明确形成、唐戏弄的成熟,至宋(金)出现了繁荣的局面。这一戏剧起源与发展的脉络当即在中国传统戏剧的另两类——"戏文"、"戏曲"——产生前中国戏剧发展的基本线索。如此不断梳理、探究出的日趋合理的戏剧运动自身逻辑,想必是戏剧音乐史建构的前提。 展开更多
关键词 戏剧音乐史 洛地 戏弄源流 中国古代音乐史
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继绝学 写白页——洛地先生周年祭
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作者 池瑾璟 《交响(西安音乐学院学报)》 2016年第4期135-139,共5页
当代中国音乐史学家、戏曲理论家、民族音乐理论家洛地先生,在民族戏剧、民族音乐、词曲、古代文史等领域的研究成果丰硕、观点独具创建,为我国民族音乐理论事业的发展作出了贡献,彰显出洛地先生的学术理论品格。对洛地先生的学术成果... 当代中国音乐史学家、戏曲理论家、民族音乐理论家洛地先生,在民族戏剧、民族音乐、词曲、古代文史等领域的研究成果丰硕、观点独具创建,为我国民族音乐理论事业的发展作出了贡献,彰显出洛地先生的学术理论品格。对洛地先生的学术成果、基本观点、思想实质进行深入阐述,旨在推进中国当代音乐家研究。 展开更多
关键词 洛地 问学 思想
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我所认识的洛地先生与他的学术风格
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作者 俞为民 《戏文》 2001年第6期36-37,共2页
关键词 洛地 古代戏曲史 学术风格 学术研究 知识结构 思维方式
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洛地先生的“戏”“文”“乐”研究述略
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作者 王骏星 《浙江艺术职业学院学报》 2018年第1期72-79,共8页
本文通过"戏""文""乐"三个部分,简述了洛地先生的主要研究成果。第一部分,集中梳理了洛地先生的戏剧理论,其中包括戏剧结构问题,以及中国戏剧的南北划分和演唱问题。第二部分,立足于洛地先生的"文体... 本文通过"戏""文""乐"三个部分,简述了洛地先生的主要研究成果。第一部分,集中梳理了洛地先生的戏剧理论,其中包括戏剧结构问题,以及中国戏剧的南北划分和演唱问题。第二部分,立足于洛地先生的"文体"概念,通过诗词的格律,反驳了词乐有"确定旋律"一说。第三部分,主要在阐述中国音乐的"板""腔""调"等相关问题的基础上,论述了洛地先生关于"文"与"乐"的联系,以及"韵"和"调"的问题。 展开更多
关键词 洛地先生 曲唱 律词 宫调
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罗勃及其编纂的《洛地奇葩:木斯塘的艺术遗产》
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作者 李婷 《西藏民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2014年第1期83-84,156,共2页
本文简要介绍了罗勃所编著的《洛地奇葩:木斯塘的艺术遗产》(Wonders of Lo——The Artistic Heritage of Mustang)一书,并对其做了相应的评介。
关键词 罗勃 洛地奇葩 木斯塘的艺术遗产》 评介
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Use of Solid SMEDDS in Delivery of Carvedilol 被引量:1
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作者 魏兰兰 孙佩男 +3 位作者 田蕾 唐歆 姚婷婷 潘卫三 《Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences》 CAS 2006年第4期223-227,共5页
Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated... Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. The mean diameter of the three formulae decreased with an increase of Lutrol F68. Results The in vitro dissolution rate of ... 展开更多
关键词 self-microemulsification CARVEDILOL particle size distribution ζ-potential DISSOLUTION
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Molecular mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion to fetal energy metabolism during cardiac hypertrophy development 被引量:1
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作者 胡琴 李隆贵 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2003年第5期290-294,共5页
Objective: To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion back towards fetal energy metabolism during the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by coarctation of abdomina... Objective: To explore the molecular regulation mechanism of carvedilol in attenuating the reversion back towards fetal energy metabolism during the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by coarctation of abdominal aorta (CAA) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Hemodynamic and ventricular remodeling parameters, free fatty acid content in the serum were measured in the experimental animals at 16 weeks after the surgical CAA, the rats receiving carvedilol intervention (CAR) after CAA, and those with sham operation (SH). The expressions of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferaseⅠ (M-CPTⅠ) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA in the cardiac myocytes from every group were studied with RT-PCR. Results: Significant left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in the rats 16 weeks after coarctation operation (P<0.05), together with significant free fatty acids accumulation and downregulation of M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA (P<0.05) in CAA group. Carvedilol at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks inhibited the left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and enhanced the gene expressions of rate-limiting enzyme (M-CPTⅠ) and key enzyme of fatty acid (MCAD) in the CAR group compared with CAA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in CAA rats causes the reversion back towards fetal enery metabolism, that is, downregulates the expressions of rate-limiting enzyme and key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation. The intervention therapy with carvedilol, a vasodilating alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, attenuates the reversion of the metabolic gene expression to fetal type through upregulating M-CPTⅠ and MCAD mRNA expressions. Thus, carvedilol may exert cardioprotective effects on heart failure by the mechanism of preserving the adult metabolic gene regulation. 展开更多
关键词 CARVEDILOL pressure overload fatty acid oxidation reversion back to fetal energy metabolism
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Carvedilol suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in a pressure over-load rabbit model through relieving transmural dispersion of repolarization with long-term administration 被引量:1
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作者 Yao Qinghai Cui Changcong +3 位作者 Wu Shangqin Shan Sun Cheng Aijuan Li Peng 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2012年第4期198-209,共12页
Objective: To investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods: Left ventricular hypertrophied(LVH) rabbit model... Objective: To investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods: Left ventricular hypertrophied(LVH) rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration (APD), TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight (LVMI) were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results: In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion: CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade 展开更多
关键词 CARVEDILOL Pressure over-load Left ventricular hypertrophy ARRHYTHMIA Transmural dispersion of repolarization
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Effect of carvedilol on cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in rats after acute myocardial infarction
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作者 张军 贾国良 王海昌 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2003年第2期69-72,76,共5页
Objective: To observe the effect of carvedilol injection on left ventricular function and collagen remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction. Methods: Sixty rats with a model of myocardial infarction were randomly ... Objective: To observe the effect of carvedilol injection on left ventricular function and collagen remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction. Methods: Sixty rats with a model of myocardial infarction were randomly divided into nine groups. The rats of therapeutical group were treated with carvedilol injection (2 mg/d intraperitoneal injection) and/or captopil (2 g/L drinking water) . Acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) group did not receive drug treatment. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after coronary artery ligation. The levels of plasma angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone and left ventricle function were determined at different time. The collagen content and the ratio of type I and III collagen of noninfarcted area were also assessed. Results: Compared with AMI group, the levels of plasma and myocardium angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone in both carvedilol and captopil group decreased at the eighth week (P<0.05). In addition, carvedilol improved systolic and diastolic function (P<0. 05). Compared with sham group, both collagen content and the ratio of type I / III collagen of noninfarcted area increased in AMI4 and AMI8 group (P<0. 05). The hydroxyproline levels and the ratio of type I/III collagen significantly decreased after carvedilol and/or captopil treatment , compared with AMI group at 4 or 8 week (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Carvedilol can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and has beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling. 展开更多
关键词 CARVEDILOL myocardial infarction COLLAGEN left ventricular remodeling
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Comparison of Development of Housing Construction in Regions of Slovakia and Czech Republic
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作者 Zora Petrakova Martina Jurigova Jan Dvorsky 《Chinese Business Review》 2016年第6期282-289,共8页
Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of ... Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of housing construction. They are natural canters of public and commercial services. The aim of the article is to determine if the geographic location of the region influences the number of new apartments with planning permission and completed apartments with a completion approval by using the methods of mathematical statistics "Analysis of variance". Meaning of the geographical location of the region as a factor, which influences the construction of apartments as well as regional differences in selected Central European countries, is subject of the conclusions of the paper. 展开更多
关键词 region analysis of variance planning permission completion approval development of housing Kruskal-Wallis test
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Possibilities of GPS Kinematic Measurements for Geological Survey in East Slovakia
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作者 Vladimír Sedlák Viera Huríková Sona Molíková 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2002年第4期21-25,共5页
This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN (system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the B... This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN (system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the Baltic Sea after adjustment).Transformation from WGS84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways. 展开更多
关键词 kinematic GPS technology 3D coordinate transformations free adjustment adjustment with constraints
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Avalanche Warning Service without Frontiers in the Karawanks along the Slovenian-Austrian Border
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作者 Arnold Studeregger Arnulf Wurzer +5 位作者 Hannes Rieder Andreas Riegler Willi Ertl Manca Volk Bahun Jaka Ortar Miha Pavsek 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2014年第1期24-29,共6页
The avalanche warning service was established within the operational European territorial cooperation program Slovenia-Austria (SI-AT) 2007-2013 project "Natural Hazards without Frontiers". Four institutes, two fr... The avalanche warning service was established within the operational European territorial cooperation program Slovenia-Austria (SI-AT) 2007-2013 project "Natural Hazards without Frontiers". Four institutes, two from Austria and two from Slovenia, work together to publish an avalanche report during the winter season. The first regular season was the winter 2012/2013. The avalanche and the slab avalanche situation in the transnational area along the 160 km border between the south of Austria and north of Slovenia show major differences of avalanche building weather situations. Because of the nearby sea in the southwest of Slovenia, the prevailing weather situations for high precipitation are coming from southwest or southeast. Nevertheless sometimes a lot of fresh snow occurs at northerly weather situations, which is unusual for Slovenian Alps and is therefore poorly forecasted for this region. Austrian avalanche experts are facing the same problems at southerly weather situations. Hence, an exchange of experience, weather data as well as model information improves the avalanche warning on both sides of the Austrian-Slovenian border. 展开更多
关键词 AVALANCHE avalanche bulletin avalanche warning service Alps.
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Particle Movement Using Monte-Carlo Technique in a Gas Insulated Busduct of Various Designs
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作者 Nagarjuna Reddy Poreddy Amarnath Jinka Rama Rao Narapareddy 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第8期1487-1493,共7页
Due to the higher reliability and small ground space requirement, compressed GIS (gas insulated substation) has found extensive applications in urban areas and developing countries. The major parts of GIS is the gas... Due to the higher reliability and small ground space requirement, compressed GIS (gas insulated substation) has found extensive applications in urban areas and developing countries. The major parts of GIS is the gas insulated busducts, circuit breakers, isolators, etc.. The voltage withstand capability of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) busduct is strongly dependent on field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants which arise due to manufacturing process, mechanical vibrations, moving parts of system etc.. Contamination can create insulation problems at operating fields. An optimized design of GIS by varying the inner and outer diameter to 89 mm and 241 mm is considered for analysis and compared with a single phase enclosure with outer diameter as 152 mm and inner conductor diameter of 55 mm with aluminum and copper particles of size 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm in radius present on the enclosure. The results have been compared on the extent of particle movement for the same condition of the gas and particle geometry. Monte Carlo simulation is also carried out for determining the motion of particles in axial and radial directions. The random solid angle is changed from 1 to 0.5 degrees to take into account more smooth end profile of the particle. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 Metallic particles electric field GIS
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Ecological Monitoring Perspectives from Biotesting of Surface Waters: A Study of Pavlovsk Reservoir (Bashkortostan, Russia)
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作者 Dmitry Seifert Yagafar Abdrashitov +1 位作者 Elena Bakhonina Inna Ovsyannikova 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2013年第11期621-628,共8页
The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition... The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the "battery of tests" paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the "uniformity of measurements" paradigm. A "reference bioindicator" is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors (such as temperature, photoperiod etc.) as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir (Bashkortostan, Russia). 展开更多
关键词 BIOTESTING phyto-testing garden cress eutrophication and toxication of water bodies environmental monitoring environmental control.
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Silica-Alumina Refractory Synthesis based on Moroccan Granitic Geo-Materials 被引量:2
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作者 Chaouki Sadik Iz-Eddine E1 Amrani Abderrahman Albizane 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2013年第2期132-136,共5页
Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding roc... Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding rocks (kaolin clay and andalusite fiche schist). Characterization evolution on heating was investigated in a composition (80% kaolinitic clay, 20% andalusite rich schist). The evolution of mullite was examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The thermal shock test showed that the refractory sample has a good thermal shock resistance. 展开更多
关键词 Kaolin mullite alusite firing.
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Socio-Economic Brand "Carpathians" in the Context of Tourism Industry Development in Countries of Central and East Europe
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作者 Fedir Shandor 《Chinese Business Review》 2015年第4期186-191,共6页
Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand "Carpathians", wh... Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand "Carpathians", which joins a mountain system in the eastern part of Central Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, and Austria, will help create a new image of Carpathians and implementation of programs aimed at the increase of investment activities, building confidence to domestic producers and creating programs to attract tourists to the most profitable tourist areas, in particular. 展开更多
关键词 brands traditional products famous brand successful export
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Helminths Diversity and Distribution on Black Goats in the Oriental Areas of Morocco
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作者 Driss Lamrioui Taoufik Hassouni +2 位作者 Youssef Elmadhi Driss Lamri Driss Belghyti 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2014年第2期188-191,共4页
The purpose of the study was to record and determine the incidence and distribution of helminth parasites that occur in goats in the oriental of Morocco. The study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. Se... The purpose of the study was to record and determine the incidence and distribution of helminth parasites that occur in goats in the oriental of Morocco. The study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. Seven helminth species belonging to three classes were found which comprised: Trichostrongylus colubriformis (52.50%), Skrjabinema ovis (42.50%), Trichuris ovis (23.33%), Nematodirus spathiger (18.33%), Haemonchus contortus (15.83%), Moniezia expansa (19.16%), Paramphistomum cervi (20%). Trichostrongylus colubriform is the dominant nematode genera found to be infecting the animals. Infection rate for Skrjabinema ovis is very high in Ben Tajjit and Talsint. It is also necessary to cite that there is no relevance between helminth infection and sex (P 〉 0.05). 展开更多
关键词 Blackgoats HELMINTH DISTRIBUTION EPIDEMIOLOGY Morocco.
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Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Argania spinosa L. Growing in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of Morocco as Revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats
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作者 Chaimaa Yatrib Bouchra Belkadi +8 位作者 Ouafae Pakhrou Mohammed Alami Leila Medraoui Abdelhamid E1Mousadik Abderrahim Ferradous Fouad Msanda Cherkaoui E1 Modafar Saad Ibn Souda-Kouraichi Abdelkarim Filali-Maltout 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2015年第5期336-346,共11页
Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae family), endemic to Morocco, is a multipurpose tree with an important ecological and socio-economical interest. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the agro-forestry system is now thre... Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae family), endemic to Morocco, is a multipurpose tree with an important ecological and socio-economical interest. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the agro-forestry system is now threatened by overgrazing and over-exploitation leading to an alarming decline in the number of trees. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation and to assess the genetic diversity distribution within and among 17 argan populations growing naturally under semi-arid and arid climate. Thus, a total of seven primers generated 260 well-defined bands, with an average of 37.14 bands per primer. Studied populations showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity at species level and low level of genetic diversity at population level. The percentage of polymorphic bands, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index at population and species level were 30.15%, 0.164, 0.217 and 98.8%, 0.172, 0.293, respectively. A relative low level of genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.39) was in agreement with the results obtained from the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Estimated gene flow was Nm = 0.781 among populations. Mantel test revealed a non-significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.065, P 〈 0.05), suggesting that the geographic distribution is not the major factor that shaped the present population genetic structure. The results can help preserve A. spinosa L. tree as an endangered species, however, refining these finding using co-dominant markers is recommended in order to establish conservation strategies. 展开更多
关键词 A. spinosa L. ISSR genetic diversity genetic differentiation gene flow.
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Comparison of Beer Quality Produced Using Malt from Kosovo and Other Countries
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作者 Mybeshir Pajaziti Renata Kongoli 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2013年第2期106-110,共5页
Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using ... Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer. 展开更多
关键词 MALT BEER EBC MEBAK.
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