马达加斯加沃洛布水电站的整修与扩建

马达加斯加伊翁德鲁(Ivondro)河上的沃洛布(Violobe)水电站是为给图阿马西纳(Toamasina)供电而于1931年建成的。主要工程建于河漫滩上，首数次被飓风洪水摧毁。从1986年开始进行研究，提出整修与扩建的方案，目前正在进行土建工程。额定流量与装机容量都有提高，发电厂房新的外包混凝土结构的施工也正在进行，以便能承受15m水头，施工分三个关键阶段，必需在9个月内完成，以便在1991年库水位消落期间缩短电厂停产时间。

西方古典文献译者群研究——以洛布古典丛书为中心

围绕着古代文献的翻译工作,一个学术圈逐渐形成。这个圈子聚集了二十世纪的西方古典学术精英。这些近代古典学术史上的主角通力合作,跨越百年时空,缔造了古典文献编译史上不可逾越的高峰———洛布古典丛书。这套高水准的古代文献译丛,凭借精良的译者队伍、准确的翻译文稿和强大的编辑阵容,自诞生之日起,便在世界古典学领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

洛布本《地理志》残篇55b的史源学考察

通过史源学的考察可以确定,洛布本斯特拉波《地理志》残篇55b的出处实为尤斯塔提奥斯对狄奥尼西奥斯的评注;其整理者琼斯编订新辑逸文往往径用孔策论文中的录文而不查核原书,以致于在转换出处注释体例时改正为误。实际上,由残篇编次、异文选定与出处信息等项判断,洛布本新辑逸文多袭自孔策论文,这为认识辑佚文本形成的复杂过程提供了一个案例。而琼斯采用不同于孔策的注释体例则可视为当时学术规范转变的缩影。洛布本残篇55b出处的误植也说明,希腊罗马史研究不应忽略古典著作版本学的知识。

Use of Solid SMEDDS in Delivery of Carvedilol

Aim A new solid SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) capsule has been developed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods The solubilities of carvedilol in various bases were investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. The mean diameter of the three formulae decreased with an increase of Lutrol F68. Results The in vitro dissolution rate of ...

新一代核苷类似物治疗乙型肝炎的研究进展(下)

本文介绍 1 998年 1 1月召开的美国和国际肝病学会年会 (美国芝加哥 )和 1 998年 9月世界胃肠病学大会 (奥地利维也纳 )的有关资料 ,上半部分资料已于本刊第 8期刊出 ,下面刊登下半部分资料 ,请读者留意。

Preparation and Crystal Modification of Ibuprofen-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles

An emulsion-congealing technique is used to prepare solid lipid microparticles （SLM） containing ibuprofen with glyceryl behenate, tripalmitin and beewax as excipients. The difference of the solubility parameters between the excipients and ibuprofen are used to analyze their compatibility. Both the solubility parameter analysis and the experimental results show that glyceryl behenate is the best among the three excipients. The solid particles disperse well in aqueous phase when the drug loading reaches 10% （relative to lipid only）. Glycerides exhibit marked polymorphism and their rapid rates of crystallization accelerate the formation of metastable crystal modification. The metastable crystal modification characterizes high drug loading capacity but less stability. Increasing the content of lipophilic drug in a lipid matrix facilitates the transformation of excipients to more stable polymorphic forms.

Enhancement of UV-assisted TiO_2 degradation of ibuprofen using Fenton hybrid process at circumneutral pH

A synergistic UV/TiO2/Fenton(PCF)process is investigated for the degradation of ibuprofen(IBP)at circumneutral pH.The IBP decay in the PCF process is much faster than that with the conventional UV,UV/H2O2,Fenton,photo‐Fenton,and photocatalysis processes.The kinetics analysis showed that the IBP decay follows a two‐stage pseudo‐first order profile,that is,a fast IBP decay(k1)followed by a slow decay(k2).The effects of various parameters,including initial pH level,dosage of Fenton’s reagent and TiO2,wavelength of UV irradiation,and initial IBP concentration,are evaluated.The optimum pH level,[Fe2+]0,[Fe2+]0/[H2O2]0 molar ratio,and[TiO2]0 are determined to be approximately 4.22,0.20 mmol/L,1/40,and 1.0 g/L,respectively.The IBP decay at circumneutral pH(i.e.,6.0–8.0 for wastewater)shows the same IBP decay efficiency as that at the optimum pH of 4.22 after 30 min,which suggests that the PCF process is applicable for the treatment of wastewater in the circumneutral pH range.The lnk1 and lnk2 are observed to be linearly correlated to 1/pH0,[IBP]0,[H2O2]0,[H2O2]0/[Fe2+]0 and ln[TiO2]0.Mathematical models are therefore derived to predict the IBP decay.

Chiral Separation of Ibuprofen by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

The separation method using chiral stationary phase （CSP） for the preparation of enantioselective compound was widely used. In this work, supercritical fluid chromatography（SFC） was proposed to resolve the chiral mixtures. To determine the optimum operating conditions for the chiral separation of the racemic ibuprofen, the retention factors and resolutions with the change in pressure, temperature and the content of IPA （%, by volume） in supercritical CO2 were investigated. Experiments showed that the retention factor decreased with the increase of pressure and decrease in temperature. The retention factor was also influenced by the content of IPA in mobile phase, as the content of IPA in the supercritical fluid increased, the retention factor decreased. The resolution of the enantiomers became worse with the increase of IPA in the supercritical fluid. Through optimizing the experimental conditions, a SFC procedure with 13MPa, 311.15K and 4% IPA in CO2 was obtained. The peak shape of the enantiomers was symmetric with supercritical fluid chromatography when compared to the asymmetric peak shape obtained by the conventional liquid chromatography. This work demonstrated that the developed supercritical fluid chromatography procedure was suitable for the chiral separation of ibuprofen enantiomers.

Resolving Ketoprofen Using n-Octyl-d-glucamine as an Optical Resolution Agent

The process of resolution of racemic ketoprofen using n-octyl-d-glucamine as an optical resolution agent was investigated. The process consists of preparation of the diastereomer salt of ketoprofen with n-octyl-d-glucamine, liberation of S-(+)-ketoprofen from its diastereomer salt and recovery of the remaining ketoprofen and n-octyl-d- glucamine. The suitable conditions for preparation of the diastereomer salt were methanol and ethyl acetate (1.1 by volume) as the solvent, the ratio of solvent volume to ketoprofen mass at 8ml:1g, and the molar ratio of ketoprofen to n-octyl-d-glucamine at 1:1. The preferred approach to liberate S-(+)-ketoprofen from its diastereomer salt was alkali dissolution, acid adjustment and ethyl acetate extraction. Racemization of the recovered ketoprofen could be achieved by reacting the recovered ketoprofen with 10% NaOH at 507 kPa for 6h. The recovered n-octyl-d- glucamine could be refined by acid dissolution and alkali adjustment. S-(+)-ketoprofen can be obtained with high optical purity and yield, showing that the present process is a practical and efficient one which can be used in industrial scale for preparation of S-(+)-ketoprofen.

A randomized, open-label, multicentre study to evaluate plasma atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis obliterans when treated with Probucol and Cilostazol

Objectives To evaluate the plasma atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and arteriosclerosis obliteran （ASO） when treated with Probucol plus Cilostazol in combination and individually. Methods In this open-label study, patients aged 40-75 years were randomized to receive conventional therapy alone, or with Cilostazol 100 mg bid, or with Probucol 250 mg bid, or with both in combination. Endpoints included changes in plasma biomarker and safety at 12 weeks. Results Of the 200 randomized pati- ents, 165 for per-protocol and 160 for the safety （QTc intervals） were set, respectively. Probucol significantly reduced total cholesterol （P 〈 0.001）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, （P = 0.01）, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P 〈 0.001） compared with conventional therapy. Cilostazol was effective in increasing HDL-C （P = 0.002） and reducing triglycerides levels （P 〈 0.01） compared with conventional therapy. A trend towards significance was observed for the difference between conventional therapy alone and Probucol plus Cilostazol group for the change in oxidized low-density lipoprotein （Ox-LDL, P = 0.065）. No significant effects on the majority of the remaining biomarkers were found across the treatment groups. Conclusions We have confirmed that Ox-LDL could be a possible plasma atherosclerotic biomarker among the evaluated biomarkers, which reflected the synergetic effect of Cilostazol plus Probucol in patients with T2DM and ASO shown previously in preclinical studies.

Optical Bloch Equations Modified with Phonon-Induced Intensity-Dependent Dephasing

We extend the exciton population equations of a two-level quantum dot system with weak excitation to the ones with strong excitations, in which, the phonon-induced intensity-dependent dephasing time and decay rate are involved. The straightforward calculated populations from the modified population equations demonstrate the damping behavior of Rabi oscillation as the external field increasing. The effect of the intensity-dependent dephasing time and the intensity-dependent decay rate are also discussed.

Boundedness of Multiplication Operators on α-Bloch Spaces

In this note we study and give a full characterization of the boundeness of mul-tiplication operators on α-Bloch spaces.

Darboux Transformation and Solitons for Reduced Maxwell-Bloch Equations

The Darboux transformations from arbitrary solutions of reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations is constructed in this article. Hence, in principle, we can find multi-soliton solutions by algebric algorithm, and the formula will be given explicitly.

Comparative Optical Separation of Racemic Ibuprofen by Using Chiral Stationary Phase

Ibuprofen is widely used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and produced as racemic mixture. Its pharmacological activity resides only in S-(+)-enantiomer, and R-()-enantiomer is not only inactive but also has many side effects. Thus it is necessary to separate R-enantiomer from racemic ibuprofen. We studied optical separation of racemic Ibuprofen with chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Out of three different chiral stationary phases, which were selected on the basis of structure and availability, two were found to be ef-fective. There was optimum eluent composition for each stationary phase for good resolution in optical separation. Resolution decreased with increase of eluent flow rate, but effect of injection volume on resolution was insignificant at high eluent flow rate.

Monte Carlo Simulations of Density Profiles for Hard-Sphere Chain Fluids Confined Between Surfaces

Covering a wide range of bulk densities, density profiles for hard-sphere chain fluids (HSCFs) with chain length of 3,4,8,20,32 and 64 confined between two surfaces were obtained by Monte Carlo simulations using extended continuum configurational-bias (ECCB) method. It is shown that the enrichment of beads near surfaces is happened at high densities due to the bulk packing effect, on the contrary, the depletion is revealed at low densities owing to the configurational entropic contribution. Comparisons with those calculated by density functional theory presented by Cai et al. indicate that the agreement between simulations and predictions is good. Compressibility factors of bulk HSCFs calculated using volume fractions at surfaces were also used to test the reliability of various equations of state of HSCFs by different authors.

Variation of Two-photon Absorption Cross Sections and Optical Limiting of Compounds Induced by Static Electric Field

By numerically solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations using an iterative predictor-corrector finite-difference time-domain technique, we investigate propagating properties of a few-cycle laser pulse in a 4,4＇-bis（di-n-butylamino） stilbene （BDBAS） molecular medium when a static electric field exists. Dynamical two-photon absorption （TPA） cross sections are obtained and optical limiting （OL） behavior is displayed. The results show that when the static electric field intensity increases, the dynamical TPA cross section is enhanced and the OL behavior is improved. Moreover, both even- and odd-order harmonic spectral components are generated with existence of the static electric field because it breaks the inversion symmetry of the BDBAS molecule. This work provides a method to modulate the nonlinear optical properties of the BDBAS compounds.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies （Diptera： Psychodidae） in a Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Foum Jamaa （Azilal, Atlas of Morocco）

An entomological survey of Phlebotomine sand flies （Diptera： Psychodidae） was carried out in three sectors of Foum Jamgta region （province of Azilal, Morocco） during the year 2010. Morphological identification was performed on a total of 1,152 sand flies （23% females and 77% males） collected by sticky paper traps. 80% of the total collected flies were identified as Phlebotomus （Paraphlebotomus） sergenti （Parrot） （57%） and Phlebotomus （Larroussius） longicuspis （Nitzulescu） （23%）. In addition to these dominant species, four other species were found, Phlebotomus （Phlebotomus） papatasi （Scopoli）, Sergentomyia （Sergentomyia） minuta （Rondani）, Phlebotomus （Larroussius） perniciosus （Newstead） and Phlebotomus （Paraphlebotomus） chabaudi （Croset）. Overall, the population dynamics show a yearly bimodal pattern related to rainfall and temperature, and with high density around human dwellings. The spatiotemporal distribution of sand fly species was helpful to discuss strategies that might be useful in controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in this endemic focus.