Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expa...Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expansion. If the observed laboratory fine structure ratio is a constant, then, independent of the cosmic red shift and CMBR observations, it can be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. Obtained value of the present Hubble constant is 70.75 Km/sec/Mpc. If it is true that, rate of decrease in temperature is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion, then from the observed cosmic isotropy it can also be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. At present if the characteristic mass of the universe is, Mo = c3/2GHo and if the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other non-perturbative gravitational entities, it is also possible to assume that throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial growing and light speed rotating black hole. At any time, if cot is the angular velocity, then cosmic radius is c/ω1 and cosmic mass is c3/2Gω1 Instead of the Planck mass, initial conditions can be addressed with the Coulomb mass = Mc = √/4xeoG At present, if ω1= H0 the cosmic black hole＇s volume density, observed matter density and the thermal energy density are in geometric series and the geometric ratio is 1 ＋ ln（M0 ＋Mc）.展开更多
We find exact solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black holes.For particles with a zero angular momentum,the convergence range of the solution is r < 4M.One of the solutions desc...We find exact solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black holes.For particles with a zero angular momentum,the convergence range of the solution is r < 4M.One of the solutions describes an exponential enhancement of the density of particles in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black holes,which might be the mechanism of gamma-ray bursts.展开更多
Radiative efficiency is an important physical parameter that describes the fraction of accretion material converted to radiative energy for accretion onto massive black holes （MBHs）. With the simplest Sottan argumen...Radiative efficiency is an important physical parameter that describes the fraction of accretion material converted to radiative energy for accretion onto massive black holes （MBHs）. With the simplest Sottan argument, the radiative efficiency of MBHs can be estimated by matching the mass density of MBHs in the local universe to the accreted mass density by MBHs during AGN/QSO phases. In this paper, we estimate the local MBH mass density through a combination of various determinations of the correlations between the masses of MBHs and the properties of MBH host galaxies, with the distribution functions of those galaxy properties. We also estimate the total energy density radiated by AGNs and QSOs by using various AGN/QSO X-ray luminosity functions in the literature. We then obtain several hundred estimates of the mean radiative efficiency of AGNs/QSOs. Under the assumption that those estimates are independent of each other and free of systematic effects, we apply the median statistics as described by Gott et al. and find the mean radiative efficiency of AGNs/QSOs is ε = 0.105＋0.006- 0.008, which is consistent with the canonical value -0.1. Considering that about 20% Compton-thick objects may be missed from current available X-ray surveys, the true mean radiative efficiency may be actually -0.12.展开更多
文摘Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expansion. If the observed laboratory fine structure ratio is a constant, then, independent of the cosmic red shift and CMBR observations, it can be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. Obtained value of the present Hubble constant is 70.75 Km/sec/Mpc. If it is true that, rate of decrease in temperature is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion, then from the observed cosmic isotropy it can also be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. At present if the characteristic mass of the universe is, Mo = c3/2GHo and if the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other non-perturbative gravitational entities, it is also possible to assume that throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial growing and light speed rotating black hole. At any time, if cot is the angular velocity, then cosmic radius is c/ω1 and cosmic mass is c3/2Gω1 Instead of the Planck mass, initial conditions can be addressed with the Coulomb mass = Mc = √/4xeoG At present, if ω1= H0 the cosmic black hole＇s volume density, observed matter density and the thermal energy density are in geometric series and the geometric ratio is 1 ＋ ln（M0 ＋Mc）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11073007)
文摘We find exact solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black holes.For particles with a zero angular momentum,the convergence range of the solution is r < 4M.One of the solutions describes an exponential enhancement of the density of particles in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black holes,which might be the mechanism of gamma-ray bursts.
基金the National Key Program for Science and Technology Research and Development(Grant No.2016YFA0400704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11373031,and11390372)the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 23040100)
文摘Radiative efficiency is an important physical parameter that describes the fraction of accretion material converted to radiative energy for accretion onto massive black holes （MBHs）. With the simplest Sottan argument, the radiative efficiency of MBHs can be estimated by matching the mass density of MBHs in the local universe to the accreted mass density by MBHs during AGN/QSO phases. In this paper, we estimate the local MBH mass density through a combination of various determinations of the correlations between the masses of MBHs and the properties of MBH host galaxies, with the distribution functions of those galaxy properties. We also estimate the total energy density radiated by AGNs and QSOs by using various AGN/QSO X-ray luminosity functions in the literature. We then obtain several hundred estimates of the mean radiative efficiency of AGNs/QSOs. Under the assumption that those estimates are independent of each other and free of systematic effects, we apply the median statistics as described by Gott et al. and find the mean radiative efficiency of AGNs/QSOs is ε = 0.105＋0.006- 0.008, which is consistent with the canonical value -0.1. Considering that about 20% Compton-thick objects may be missed from current available X-ray surveys, the true mean radiative efficiency may be actually -0.12.
