气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨...气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨随机模型与水文模型的Copula-LM-HMS耦联模型,来模拟入库洪水并计算水库大坝洪水漫顶风险率。该模型通过Copula函数与拉丁超立方-蒙特卡罗抽样(Latin Hypercube-Monte Carlo Simulation)生成流域多组7日降雨数据,并通过变倍比放大法缩放处理得到相应降雨序列,利用HEC-HMS水文模型模拟洪水过程线并结合调洪演算得到坝前最高水位,同时考虑风浪作用来模拟台风情景下的库水位变化情况,计算大坝洪水漫顶风险率,并分析不同组合条件对洪水漫顶风险率的影响。余姚市四明湖水库实例分析表明,构建的Copula-LM-HMS耦合模型计算得到的拦河坝在未来台风情境下无漫顶风险,自溃坝最小漫顶风险为0.22%,最大漫顶风险达到2.68%;洪水漫顶风险与降雨分布及起调水位有关,同时风浪作用对洪水漫顶风险影响较大。基于耦合模型进行中小流域洪水漫顶风险率计算,不仅能考虑降雨系列之间的相关性、流域地形特征与实际调洪规则,还可延长无流量资料地区水库大坝应对台风情境下洪水风险的预报期,为保证水库大坝应对未来气候变化影响下的运行安全提供参考。展开更多
Flood control forecast operation mode is one of the main ways for determining the upper bound of dynamic control of flood limited water level during flood season. The floodwater utilization rate can be effectively inc...Flood control forecast operation mode is one of the main ways for determining the upper bound of dynamic control of flood limited water level during flood season. The floodwater utilization rate can be effectively increased by using flood forecast information and flood control forecast operation mode. In this paper, Dahuofang Reservoir is selected as a case study. At first, the distribution pattern and the bound of forecast error which is a key source of risk are analyzed. Then, based on the definition of flood risk, the risk of dynamic control of reservoir flood limited water level within different flood forecast error bounds is studied. The results show that, the dynamic control of reservoir flood limited water level with flood forecast information can increase the floodwater utilization rate without increasing flood control risk effectively and it is feasible in practice.展开更多
文摘气候变化下台风风暴潮出现频次增加,形成的暴雨洪水对水库大坝安全产生极大威胁。由于部分地区实测流量资料缺少,基于雨量资料的随机模型与水文模型耦合模拟洪水过程线的研究亟待发展。针对现有小流域流量资料缺少问题,研究了基于降雨随机模型与水文模型的Copula-LM-HMS耦联模型,来模拟入库洪水并计算水库大坝洪水漫顶风险率。该模型通过Copula函数与拉丁超立方-蒙特卡罗抽样(Latin Hypercube-Monte Carlo Simulation)生成流域多组7日降雨数据,并通过变倍比放大法缩放处理得到相应降雨序列,利用HEC-HMS水文模型模拟洪水过程线并结合调洪演算得到坝前最高水位,同时考虑风浪作用来模拟台风情景下的库水位变化情况,计算大坝洪水漫顶风险率,并分析不同组合条件对洪水漫顶风险率的影响。余姚市四明湖水库实例分析表明,构建的Copula-LM-HMS耦合模型计算得到的拦河坝在未来台风情境下无漫顶风险,自溃坝最小漫顶风险为0.22%,最大漫顶风险达到2.68%;洪水漫顶风险与降雨分布及起调水位有关,同时风浪作用对洪水漫顶风险影响较大。基于耦合模型进行中小流域洪水漫顶风险率计算,不仅能考虑降雨系列之间的相关性、流域地形特征与实际调洪规则,还可延长无流量资料地区水库大坝应对台风情境下洪水风险的预报期,为保证水库大坝应对未来气候变化影响下的运行安全提供参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51079015, 50979011)
文摘Flood control forecast operation mode is one of the main ways for determining the upper bound of dynamic control of flood limited water level during flood season. The floodwater utilization rate can be effectively increased by using flood forecast information and flood control forecast operation mode. In this paper, Dahuofang Reservoir is selected as a case study. At first, the distribution pattern and the bound of forecast error which is a key source of risk are analyzed. Then, based on the definition of flood risk, the risk of dynamic control of reservoir flood limited water level within different flood forecast error bounds is studied. The results show that, the dynamic control of reservoir flood limited water level with flood forecast information can increase the floodwater utilization rate without increasing flood control risk effectively and it is feasible in practice.
