The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.

Analysis of microseismic activity in rock mass controlled by fault in deep metal mine

Aiming at evaluating the stability of a rock mass near a fault,a microseismic(MS) monitoring system was established in Hongtoushan copper mine.The distribution of displacement and log(/),the relationship between MS activity and the exploitation process,and the stability of the rock mass controlled by a fault were studied.The results obtained from microseismic data showed that MS events were mainly concentrated al the footwall of the fault.When the distance to the fault exceeded 20 m,the rock mass reached a relatively stable state.MS activity is closely related to the mining process.Under the strong disturbance from blasting,the initiation and propagation of cracks is much faster.MS activity belongs in the category of aftershocks after large scale excavation.The displacement and log(C/) obtained from MS events can reflect the difference in physical and mechanical behavior of different areas within the rock mass,which is useful in judging the integrity and degradation of the rock mass.

The Process of Personalized Learning Based on Flipped Classroom

The new teaching mode of flipped classroom plays an important role in college English teaching reform in China. Personalized learning can be realized by flipped classroom. Firstly, selection and production of the teaching content before class is very important. Secondly, the organization of teaching activities in class should be well prepared. At last, the realization of combining personalized evaluation and integrity evaluation system is a vital issue for teachers to consider.

Research on the Evaluation System of National Standardization

Standardization receives varied attention in different countries. Based on the Chinese national standardization status, this paper sets an evaluation system of national standardization on the principles of logic, comprehensiveness and operability, taking into account national standards and standardization activities. The evaluation system evaluates the national standardization development level through four aspects： standard development, standards implementation, standardization supporting measures, and participation in international standardization. This evaluation system provides a reasonable basis to evaluate the national standardization development level. The survey shows that if China wants to enhance its standardization development level, China needs to improve its standard development level, strengthen implication and application of standards, expand the standardization support measures and continuously improve the level of participation in international standardization.

In Vitro Biossay for Assessing Estrogenic Activity of Sewage Treatment Works

The estrogenic activity of influents and effluents of five municipal sewage treatment works （STWs） in Nanjing was investigated. The water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction, then eluted with different polar solvents, and f＇mally three fractionated extracts were obtained. Estrogen receptor recombinant yeast screen was used to evaluate the estrogenic activity of individual fractionated extracts and their mixture. The results show that the influents and effluents of the two STWs mainly receiving industrial wastewater have no obvious estrogenic activity, and the water samples from the other three STWs mainly receiving domestic wastewater show different degrees of estrogenic activity. The total estrogenic concentration ranged from 171. 52 ng/L EEQ （E2 - equivalent concentration） to 1 008.37 ng/L EEQ in the influents, and from ND （not detected） to 36.3 ng/L EEQ in the effluents. By comparing the results of different fractionated extracts, the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the water samples show higher estrogenic activity, while the hexane extracts very low. The （xeno）estrogens from domestic wastewater could be removed obviously by activated sludge treatment units. However, the effluents of STWs in Nanjing still have chemical contaminants capable of binding to estrogen receptors.

Evaluating Benefits of Sport Mega-Events on the Host Cities＂ Effects of the 34th America＇s Cup on Naples

Sport tourism events refer to sport activities with potential to attract tourists, media, athletes, and other sporting officials, with the primary purpose for travel being participating in or viewing sport. Sport mega-events, such as America＇s Cup, have been recognized as a strong component of tourism, and are becoming an integral and major part of tourism development and marketing strategies. As a catalyst for change, sport mega-events can accelerate the host city economic, political, and social development. This paper focuses on the case of the 34th America＇s Cup for Naples. In order to evaluate the benefits of this event on the city, the authors first propose a general framework of main benefits that sport mega-events may bring to host cities, and subsequently, the authors applied this framework to the Naples case.

Synthesis of novel β-amino ketones containing a p-aminobenzoic acid moiety and evaluation of their antidiabetic activities

The synthesis of two series of [3-amino ketones containing a p-aminobenzoic acid moiety （TM.1 and TM-2） using a modified protocol of the Mannich reaction is reported. The molecular structures of a total of tweenty three new target compounds were characterized by ~H NMR, 1~C NMR, ESI-MS and HR-MS. Subsequently, their antidiabetic activities were screened in vitro. The c^-glucodase inhibition （c^-GI） activity of compound le reached a remarkable level of 66.50%. The peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor （PPAR） relative activation activities of six compounds are above 80%, and in particular 2i displays an un- precedentedly high PPAR of 130.91%. The structure-activity relationships of the compounds were established. 2i is also sub- ject to further in-depth investigation.