Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition,...Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.展开更多
With the approaching of the 24th solar cycle peak year （2012-2014）, the impacts of super solar storms on the geospace envi- ronment have drawn attentions. Based on the geomagnetic field observations during Carringto...With the approaching of the 24th solar cycle peak year （2012-2014）, the impacts of super solar storms on the geospace envi- ronment have drawn attentions. Based on the geomagnetic field observations during Carrington event in 1859, we estimate the interplanetary solar wind conditions at that time, and investigate the response of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system to this extreme solar wind conditions using global 3D MHD simulations. The main findings include： l） The day-side magnetopause and bow shock are compressed to 4.3 and 6.0 Re （Earth radius）, and their flanks are also strongly compressed. The magneto- pause shifts inside the geosynchronous orbit, exposing geosynchronous satellites in the solar wind in the magnetosheath. 2） During the storm, the region-1 current increases by about 60 times, and the cross polar potential drop increases by about 80 times; the reconnection voltage is about 5 to 6 times larger than the average storms, which means a larger amount of the solar wind energy enters the magnetosphere, resulting in strong space weather phenomena.展开更多
Orbital-scale global climatic changes during the late Quaternary are dominated by high-latitude influenced~100,000-year global ice-age cycles and monsoon influenced~23,000-year low-latitude hydroclimate variations.How...Orbital-scale global climatic changes during the late Quaternary are dominated by high-latitude influenced~100,000-year global ice-age cycles and monsoon influenced~23,000-year low-latitude hydroclimate variations.However,the shortage of highly-resolved land temperature records remains a limiting factor for achieving a comprehensive understanding of long-term low-latitude terrestrial climatic changes.Here,we report paired mean annual air temperature(MAAT)and monsoon intensity proxy records over the past 88,000 years from Lake Tengchongqinghai in southwestern China.While summer monsoon intensity follows the~23,000-year precession beat found also in previous studies,we identify previously unrecognized warm periods at 88,000-71,000 and 45,000-22,000 years ago,with 2-3℃amplitudes that are close to our recorded full glacial-interglacial range.Using advanced transient climate simulations and comparing with forcing factors,we find that these warm periods in our MAAT record probably depends on local annual mean insolation,which is controlled by Earth’s~41,000-year obliquity cycles and is anti-phased to annual mean insolation at high latitudes.The coincidence of our identified warm periods and intervals of high-frequent dated archaeological evidence highlights the importance of temperature on anatomically modern humans in Asia during the last glacial stage.展开更多
文摘Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40921063, 40974106,40831060)the special fund for State Key Laboratory of Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘With the approaching of the 24th solar cycle peak year （2012-2014）, the impacts of super solar storms on the geospace envi- ronment have drawn attentions. Based on the geomagnetic field observations during Carrington event in 1859, we estimate the interplanetary solar wind conditions at that time, and investigate the response of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system to this extreme solar wind conditions using global 3D MHD simulations. The main findings include： l） The day-side magnetopause and bow shock are compressed to 4.3 and 6.0 Re （Earth radius）, and their flanks are also strongly compressed. The magneto- pause shifts inside the geosynchronous orbit, exposing geosynchronous satellites in the solar wind in the magnetosheath. 2） During the storm, the region-1 current increases by about 60 times, and the cross polar potential drop increases by about 80 times; the reconnection voltage is about 5 to 6 times larger than the average storms, which means a larger amount of the solar wind energy enters the magnetosphere, resulting in strong space weather phenomena.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40010200 and XDA2009000004)the Program of Global Change and Mitigation+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0600502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877293,41672162,41977381,and 41472315)。
文摘Orbital-scale global climatic changes during the late Quaternary are dominated by high-latitude influenced~100,000-year global ice-age cycles and monsoon influenced~23,000-year low-latitude hydroclimate variations.However,the shortage of highly-resolved land temperature records remains a limiting factor for achieving a comprehensive understanding of long-term low-latitude terrestrial climatic changes.Here,we report paired mean annual air temperature(MAAT)and monsoon intensity proxy records over the past 88,000 years from Lake Tengchongqinghai in southwestern China.While summer monsoon intensity follows the~23,000-year precession beat found also in previous studies,we identify previously unrecognized warm periods at 88,000-71,000 and 45,000-22,000 years ago,with 2-3℃amplitudes that are close to our recorded full glacial-interglacial range.Using advanced transient climate simulations and comparing with forcing factors,we find that these warm periods in our MAAT record probably depends on local annual mean insolation,which is controlled by Earth’s~41,000-year obliquity cycles and is anti-phased to annual mean insolation at high latitudes.The coincidence of our identified warm periods and intervals of high-frequent dated archaeological evidence highlights the importance of temperature on anatomically modern humans in Asia during the last glacial stage.
