一种近红外荧光蛋白PAiRFP1及其突变体V276G的光活化效率研究

PAiRFP1是一种以根癌农杆菌中细菌光敏色素Agp2为基础,经过蛋白工程手段改造后获得的近红外荧光蛋白。与其他近红外荧光蛋白不同,PAiRFP1具有光活化行为。这一特性可以有效改善近红外荧光蛋白在体内的成像信噪比。然而,关于光活化行为的影响因素却研究甚少。主要采用荧光光谱学手段研究了PAiRFP1蛋白浓度、pH、金属离子、氧化还原环境对于PAiRFP1光活化行为的影响,结果发现:(1)PAiRFP1的最大光活化效率与该近红外荧光蛋白的浓度不呈线性关系;(2)随着pH从6.5升高至7.8和9.0,PAiRFP1的最大光活化效率从36.8%提高至52.0%和60.8%;(3)金属离子K^+,Na^+,Ca^(2+)的加入对于PAiRFP1的最大光活化效率没有显著影响;类似现象在H_2O_2和DTT的处理的情况下也被观察到。除了上述影响因素外,还发现当PAiRFP1中276位的缬氨酸被突变为甘氨酸产生V276G突变体后,蛋白的最大光活化效率从~50.0%下降至19.4%。DTT处理后导致V276G突变体最大光活化效率从19.4%提高到了27.1%。此外,比较研究了各种影响因素对于光活化速率的影响。以上结果为今后更好地将此类光激活的近红外蛋白应用于活体成像中提供了更好地理论指导和优化解决方案。

基于航测的珠三角气溶胶垂直分布及活化特性

2017年9月14-27日在珠江三角洲地区开展了6个架次飞机观测试验。利用飞行获取的气溶胶、云凝结核、云滴及常规气象探头观测资料,结合天气形势、气象条件及气团后向轨迹分析,研究了珠江三角洲地区深圳气溶胶数浓度及其谱的垂直分布特征,配合不同过饱和度条件下云凝结核浓度观测,分析了气溶胶活化特性。结果表明:在不同天气条件下,深圳低层气溶胶数浓度变化范围为500~9000 cm^-3;边界层内气溶胶分布相对均匀,谱型随高度变化与气象条件相关。将6个架次气溶胶观测资料根据数浓度及谱型分为3种类型:类型Ⅰ为海洋型气溶胶,数浓度小,粒子尺度大,谱型呈双峰分布;类型Ⅲ为大陆型气溶胶,数浓度高,粒子尺度小,谱宽较宽且呈三峰分布;类型Ⅱ为海洋大陆影响型气溶胶,即受海洋和大陆共同影响,数浓度低于类型Ⅲ高于类型Ⅰ,谱型为双峰分布。拟合了包含海洋型及大陆型气溶胶的3个架次近地面云凝结核活化谱,计算了气溶胶在不同过饱和度条件下的活化效率。

活化器中钙基吸着剂的增湿活化过程模拟

建立了一维活化器中吸着剂颗粒的活化效率预测模型。模型全面考察了水雾蒸发、减速、粒径分布以及液－液凝并等的影响。计算结果表明，液滴初始直径和初速度对颗粒活化效率有最大的影响，使用大粒径、窄分布和高初速度的雾化方式可强化增湿活化效果。通过对颗粒活化效率与实测脱硫效率的相关性分析。

分光光度法测定固相表面酰肼活化基团

建立了一种测定固相表面酰肼基团含量的方法。运用Fe(Ⅲ)-邻二氮菲显色体系,通过固相表面具有较强还原性的酰肼基团将Fe(Ⅲ)还原为Fe(Ⅱ),生成的Fe(Ⅱ)可与邻二氮菲生成稳定的桔红色络合物,从而利用分光光度法测定溶液体系吸光度来表征固相表面酰肼基团的含量。该方法在0～0.02μmol/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9975,检出限为5.4×10-4μmol/mL。用该方法测出微珠固相表面酰肼基团的活化效率为72%。方法可以很好地应用于固相载体表面酰肼基团的测定。

Supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts from MgCl_(2)·nROH precursors and its catalytic behaviors for diene copolymerization

Heterogeneous TiCl4/MgCl_(2) type Ziegler-Natta(Z-N)catalysts with unique advantages like low cost,high activity,high stereoregularity and pretty particle morphology,contribute to more than 130 Mt polyolefin large-scale production.However,most researches related with heterogeneous Z-N catalysts focused onα-olefin polymerizations like ethylene,propylene,etc.

长期施肥下红壤性水稻土有效磷的演变特征及对磷平衡的响应

【目的】分析长期不同施肥下土壤有效磷含量、全磷含量、土壤磷素盈亏和磷素活化效率(PAC)的动态变化,探讨不同施肥下水稻土磷素演变特征及与磷平衡的响应关系。【方法】基于1982年开始的红壤性水稻土长期不同施肥定位试验,试验包括不施肥(CK)、有机肥(牛粪,M)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥+有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷肥+有机肥(NPM)、氮钾肥+有机肥(NKM)和磷钾肥+有机肥(PKM)共7个处理。【结果】经过30年不同施肥,土壤有效磷含量均呈上升趋势。M、NKM、NPK、NPM、NPKM和PKM处理土壤有效磷含量变化速率分别为0.18、0.20、0.83、1.35、1.46和1.62 mg·kg^(-1)·a^(-1)。M、NPK、PKM、NPM和NPKM处理土壤全磷增加速率分别约为4.3、15.4、16.0、18.3和22.9 mg·kg^(-1)·a^(-1)。所有施肥处理,土壤中磷素均有盈余,磷素盈余量与土壤有效磷增加量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm^(-2),M、NKM、NPM、NPKM、PKM和NPK6个处理的土壤有效磷含量分别增加0.4、0.7、1.9、2.1、2.2和3.2 mg·kg^(-1)。在土壤中磷素盈余量接近的情况下,单施化肥(NPK)的PAC显著高于单施有机肥(M)处理(P<0.05)。【结论】化学磷肥和有机肥配施相比单施化肥或有机肥能够显著提高红壤性水稻土土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化效率。

镍正极掺杂NiOOH的MH/Ni电池性能

将化学氧化法合成的NiOOH以一定的比例掺杂到商用球形Ni(OH)2粉末当中,以此作为镍正极活性材料,制成额定容量为1 5Ah圆柱密封AA型MH/Ni碱性蓄电池·采用恒流充放电和交流内阻分析方法测试了该电池的性能·结果表明:镍正极掺杂NiOOH的MH/Ni电池在活化效率和循环寿命方面得到了明显的改善和提高,掺杂NiOOH的镍正极具有更高的反应活性及更小的电化学反应阻抗,因而表现出良好的电化学性能·实验表明,镍正极活性材料中NiOOH的掺杂量为1%～3%时对电池性能有较好的影响,掺杂量过多会降低电池的放电容量·

Research progress of magnesium anodes and their applications in chemical power sources

Magnesium is a promising metal used as anodes for chemical power sources. This metal could theoretically provide negative discharge potential and exhibit large capacity during the discharge process. However, when the magnesium anode is adopted for practical applications, several issues, such as the discharge products adhered to the electrode surface, the self-discharge occurring on the anode material, and the detachment of metallic particles, adversely affect its inherently good discharge performance. In this work, the types of chemical power sources using magnesium as anodes were elaborated, and the approaches to enhance its anode performance were analyzed.

Root Zone Microbial Populations, Urease Activities, and Purification Efficiency for a Constructed Wetland

In order to investigate the effects of microorganisms and their urease activities in macrophytic root zones on pollutant removal, four small-scale plots (SSPs) of vertical/reverse-vertical flow wetlands were set up to determine: a) the relationship between the abundance of microorganisms in the root zones and water purification efficiency; and b) the relationship between urease activities in the root zones and pollutant removal in a constructed wetland system. Total numbers of the microbial population (bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces) along with urease activities in the macrophytic root zones were determined. In addition, the relationships between microbial populations and urease activities as well as the wastewater purification efficiencies of total phosphorus (TP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were also analyzed. The results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.9772, P ＜ 0.01) between the number of bacteria in the root zones and BOD5 removal efficiency and a significant negative correlation (r = -0.9092, P ＜ 0.05) between the number of fungi and the removal efficiency of TKN. Meanwhile, there was a significant positive correlation (r -- 0.8830, P ＜ 0.05) between urease activities in the root zones and the removal efficiency of TKN. Thus, during wastewater treatment in a constructed wetland system,microorganism and urease activities in the root zones were very important factors.

Preparation and photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres

ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres with heterojunction were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.These samples were characterized by TG/DTA,XRD,TEM,HRTEM,UV-vis DRS,FL and BET techniques.The results indicated the as-prepared samples showed better degree of crystalline and large specific surface area.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange with the concentration of 50 mg/L under the irradiation of simulated sunlight.The effects of molar ratio of Zn to Ga and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail.The results showed that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency was observed at the molar ratio of Zn to Ga of 1:0.5 in the starting materials and the calcination temperature of 400 °C.The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate of MO was 97.1% within 60 min under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which is greatly higher than that of ZnO and ZnGa_2O_4.

Investigation of the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Stage Ⅱ Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of Stage Ⅱ breast cancer. METHODS The data from 113 patients with breast cancer of the same pathologic type in Stage Ⅱ,during the period of 1995 to 2001,were analyzed retrospectively.Among the patients,47 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and 66 received no adjuvant therapy before surgery（control group）.After the patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group had received 2 courses of chemotherapy with the CMF regimen,the surgical procedure was conducted. RESULTS Complete remission（CR）was attained in 9 of the 47 cases receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and partial remission（PR）was reached for 22 cases.The rate of breast-conserving surgery was enhanced from 22.73%to 46.81%（P〈0.05）in the neoadjuvant treatment group. There was no difference in the 5-year overall survival（OS）and disease-free survival（DFS）rate between the two groups（P〉0.05）,but the 5-year OS and DFS of the cases with clinical tumor remission was higher compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can enhance the rate of breast conservation for Stage Ⅱ breast cancer and may improve the prognosis of the cases with clinical remission.

15.3% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by symmetric phenyl substitution

Synergistic optimization of donor-acceptor blend morphologyis a hurdle in the path of realizing efficient non-fullerene small-molecule organic solar cells(NFSMOSCs)due to the anisotropic conjugated backbones of both donor and acceptor.Therefore,developing a facile molecular design strategy to effectively regulate the crystalline properties of photoactive materials,and thus,enable the optimization of blend morphology is of vital importance.In this study,a new donor molecule B1,comprising phenyl-substituted benzodithiophene(BDT)central unit,exhibits strong interaction with the non-fullerene acceptor BO-4 Cl in comparison with its corresponding thiophene-substituted BDT-based material,BTR.As a result,the B1 is affected and induced from an edgeon to a face-on orientation by the acceptor,while the BTR and the acceptor behave individually for the similar molecular orientation in pristine and blend films according to grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering results.It means the donor-acceptor blend morphology is synergistically optimized in the B1 system,and the B1:BO-4 Cl-based devices achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.3%,further certified to be 15.1%by the National Institute of Metrology,China.Our results demonstrate a simple and effective strategy to improve the crystalline properties of the donor molecule as well as synergistically optimize the morphology of the all-small-molecule system,leading to the high-performance NFSM-OSCs.

Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of lotus-rootlike Au-ZnO nanostructures

Unique lotus-rootlike Au-Zn O hybrid structures were obtained by controlling the deposition of pre-synthesized Au nano- crystals onto the surfaces of as-obtained Zn O structures. Zn O with lotus-rootlike structures was first prepared through a hydrothermal process. We also investigated the effects of various Au contents on the photocatalytic activities in detail. Notably, compared to the pure Zn O component, these resulting lotus-root-like Au-Zn O nanostructures with the appropriate amounts of Au content exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency.

Efficient degradation of methyl orange via multilayer films of titanium dioxide and silicotungstic acid

We report layer-by-layer （LbL） assembly of TiO2 and H4SiW12O40 （SiW12） multilayer film on silicon wafers and glass slides for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange （MO）. The photocatalytic efficiency of the obtained multilayer film increases along with the decrease of pH and salt concentration of the incubation solution. The results show that MO can be almost re- moved in pH 2.0 solution without salt addition in the first 60 min incubation when MO concentration is lower than 15 mg/L. Different salts show an apparent inhibitory effect on photocatalytic degradation of MO with the order of ZnC12〉KCI〉 NaC1〉LiCI. The TiO2/SiW12 multilayer film maintains photocatalytic activity even after five degradation cycles. The reaction of MO photodegradation accords with an apparent first-order dynamics.

Rational design of perfectly oriented thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter for efficient red electroluminescence

How to control the dipole orientation of organic emitters is a challenge in the field of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Herein,a linear thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)molecule,PhNAI-PMSBA,bearing a 1,8-naphthalimide-acridine framework was designed by a doublesite long-axis extension strategy to actively control the dipole orientation.The horizontal ratio of emitting dipole orientation of PhNAI-PMSBA reaches 95%,substantially higher than that of isotropic emitters(67%).This unique feature is associated with the intrinsically horizontal molecular orientation of PhNAI-PMSBA and the good agreement between its transition dipole moment direction and molecular long axis.The PhNAI-PMSBA-based OLED achieves an ultrahigh optical outcoupling efficiency of 43.2%and thus affords one of the highest red electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency of 22.3%and the Commission International de l’Eclairage 1931 coordinates at around(0.60,0.40).

Triazolotriazine-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes(TSF-OLEDs)

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) sensitized fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes(TSF-OLEDs) have shown great potential for the realization of high efficiency with low efficiency rolloff and good color purity. However, the superior examples of TSF-OLEDs are still limited up to now.Herein, a trade-off strategy is presented for designing efficient TADF materials and achieving highperformance TSF-OLEDs via the construction of a new type of triazolotriazine(TAZTRZ) acceptor. The enhanced electron-withdrawing ability of TAZTRZ acceptor, fused by triazine(TRZ) and triazole(TAZ)together, enables TADF luminogens with small singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST)) values. Meanwhile, the increased planarity from the TRZ-phenyl linkage(6:6 system) to the TAZ-phenyl linkage(5:6 system)can compensate the decrease of oscillator strength(f) while lowing ΔE_(ST), thus achieving a trade-off between small ΔE_(ST) and high f. As a result, the related TSF-OLED achieved an extremely low turn-on voltage of 2.1 V, an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax) of 23.7% with small efficiency roll-off(EQE1000 of 23.2%;EQE5000 of 20.6%) and an impressively high maximum power efficiency of 82.1 lm W^(-1), which represents the state-of-the-art performance for yellow TSF-OLEDs.